MASTER CIRCULAR - PRUDENTIAL NORMS ON INCOME RECOGNITION, ASSET CLASSIFICATION AND PROVISIONING PERTAINING TO ADVANCES TABLE CONTENTS Para

Page No. Particulars OF

PART A 1 2 GENERAL DEFINITION S 2.1 Nonperforming assets 2.2 Out of Order statuses 2.3 Overdue INCOME RECOGNITION 3.1 2 3.2 3 3.3 3.4 4 3.5 4 4.1 NPAs 4.1.1 Income recognition policy Reversal of income Appropriation of recovery in NPAs Interest Application Computation of NPA levels ASSET CLASSIFICATION Categories of 4 4 1 1

2 2 2

Substandard Assets 4 4.1.2 Doubtful Assets 4 4.1.3 Loss Assets 5.2 4 Guidelines for classification of assets 5 4.2.3 Availability of security / net worth of borrower/ guaranto 4.2.4 Accounts r with temporary deficiencies 5.2.5 Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 4 6.2.6 Accounts regularised near about the balance 4 sheet date 4.2.7 Asset Classification to be borrower wise and not facility4.2.8 Advances wise under consortium arrangements 8.2.9 Accounts where there is erosion in the value of security 4 8 4.2.10 Advances to PACS/FSS ceded to Commercial Banks 8 4.2.11 Advances against Term Deposits, NSCs, KVP/IVP, etc Final project report Neeraj sohni 9 4.2.12 Loans with moratorium for payment of interest 9 4.2.13 Agricultural advances 9 4.2.14 11 Government guaranteed advances 2

5 5.1 General 5.2 18 5.3 assets 5.4 assets 5.5 assets 5.6

PROVISIONING NORMS Loss assets Doubtful Substandard Standard

18 18 19 19 20 21

Floating provisions 5.7 Provisions for advances at higher than prescribed rates 22 5.8 Provisions on Leased Assets 23 5.9 Guidelines for Provisions under Special Circumstances 23 5.10 Provisioning Coverage Ratio 29 GUIDELINES ON SALE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS TO SECURITISATION COMPANY (SC)/ RECONSTRUCTION COMPANY (RC) 6.1 Scope 6.2

30

30 30 31 32

Structure 6.3 Financial assets which can be sold 30 6.4 Procedure for sale of banks/ FIs financial assets to SC/ RC, including valuation and pricing 6.5 Prudentialaspects for banks/ FIs for the norms sale transactions 6.6 34 6.7 7 Disclosure Requirements Related GUIDELINES ON NON PERFORMING ASSETS PURCHASE/SALE OF

Issues

34 34

7.1 Scope 7.4 Structure Procedure for purchase/ sale of non 7.5 performing financial assets, including valuation 7.6 Prudentialaspects for banks for the purchase/ norms sale transactions 7.7 Disclosure Requirements 39 WRITING OFF OF NPAs PART B Prudential Advances guidelines on on Restructuring Restructuring

35 35 35 and pricing 37

39

of of 41 42 42

9 10 11 11.1 12.2 12.1 11.4 11.3 11.2 42 47 norms 45 44

Background advances Key Concepts

12

General Principles and Prudential Norms for Restructured EligibilityAdvances restructuring of advances criteria for Asset classification norms for Conversion of Principal NormsIncome Prudential Norms Provisioning Debt recognition / norms DBOD-MC on IRAC Equity into 3 2010 47 45

13

12.3 47

14

13.1 48 13.2 48 13.3 49

15 16 17 18

14.1 49 14.2 Elements of special regulatory framework 49 Miscellaneous Disclosures Illustrations Objective of 52

Valuation and provisioning norms Prudential Norms for Conversion of Unpaid Interest into 'Funded Interest Term Loan' (FITL), Debt or Equity Instruments Asset classification norms Income recognition norms Valuation and provisioning norms Special Regulatory Treatment for Asset Classificatio n Applicability of special regulatory treatment

48

49

51 52 52

Restructuring PART C

Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 (ADWDRS)Prudential Income Recognition, Asset Classification, Provisioning, and Norms on Capital Adequacy 19 20 The background Norms for the Borrowal Accounts Prudential Covered under the ADWDRS 20.1 Norms for the Accounts subjected to Debt Waiver 53 20.2 Norms for the Accounts subjected to the Debt Relief 54 20.3 Grant of Fresh Loans to the Borrowers covered under the ADWDRS 20.4 Capital Adequacy Subsequent Modifications to the Prudential Norms 57 21.1 Interest payment by the GOI 57 21.2 Change in instalment schedule of other farmers under the Debt Relief Scheme 53 53

57 57

21

58

Details of Gross Advances, Gross NPAs, Net Advances and Net NPA Annex -2 Annex -3 Annex -4 List of relevant direct agricultural advances 61 Format for Computing Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 62 Organisational Framework for Restructuring of Advances Under Consortium / Multiple Banking / Syndication Final project report Arrangements Annex -5 Key Concepts in Neeraj sohni Restructuring Accounts Restructured Annex -6 Particulars of 77 Annex - 7 Asset Classification of Restructured Accounts under the Guidelines Annex - 8 Annex - 9 Special Regulatory Relaxations for Restructuring (Available upto 30,2009) Juneof circulars consolidated by the Master Circular List 84

60

63 75 78 80

ANNEXES Details of Gross Advances, Gross NPAs, Net Advances and Annex Net NPA List of relevant direct agricultural advances 61 Format for Computing Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 62 Organisational Framework for Restructuring of Advances Under Consortium / Multiple Banking / Syndication Arrangements Key Concepts in Restructuring Accounts Restructured Particulars of 77 Asset Classification of Restructured Accounts under the Guidelines Special Regulatory Relaxations for Restructuring (Available upto 30,2009) Juneof circulars consolidated by the Master Circular List 84 60

-1 Annex -2 Annex -3 Annex -4 Annex -5 Annex -6 Annex - 7 Annex - 8 Annex - 9

63 75 78 80

Master Circular - Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances Part A

1.

GENERAL

1.1 In line with the international practices and as per the recommendations made by the Committee on the Financial System (Chairman Shri M. Narasimham), the Reserve Bank of India has introduced, in a phased manner, prudential norms for income recognition, asset classification and provisioning for the advances portfolio of the banks so as to move towards greater consistency and transparency in the published accounts. 1.2 The policy of income recognition should be objective and based on record of recovery rather than on any subjective considerations. Likewise, the classification of assets of banks has to be done on the basis of objective criteria which would ensure a uniform and consistent application of the norms. Also, the provisioning should be made on the basis of the classification of assets based on the period for which the asset has remained nonperforming and the availability of security and the realisable value thereof. 1.3 Banks are urged to ensure that while granting loans and advances, realistic repayment schedules may be fixed on the basis of cash flows with borrowers. This would go a long way to facilitate prompt repayment by the borrowers and thus improve the record of recovery in advances. 1.4 With the introduction of prudential norms, the Health Code-based system for classification of advances has ceased to be a subject of supervisory interest. As such, all related reporting requirements, etc. under the Health Code system also cease to be a supervisory requirement. Banks may, however, continue the system at their discretion as a management information tool. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Non Assets performing

2.1.1 An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank. 2.1.2 where; A non performing asset (NPA) is a loan or an advance i. interest and/ or instalment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term loan, 5 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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ii. the account remains out of order as indicated at paragraph 2.2 below, in respect of an Overdraft/Cash Credit (OD/CC), iii. the bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted, iv. the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration crops, v. the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop season for long duration crops, vi. the amount of liquidity facility remains outstanding for more than 90 days, respect of a securitisation transaction undertaken in terms in of guidelines on securitisation dated February 1, 2006. vii. in respect of derivative transactions, the overdue receivables representing positive mark-to-market value of a derivative contract, if these remain unpaid for a period of 90 days from the specified due date for payment. 2.1.3 and Banks should, classify an account as NPA only if the interest due charged during any quarter is not serviced fully within 90 days from the end of the quarter . Out status of Order

2.2

An account should be treated 'out of if the outstanding balance as order' remains continuously in excess of the sanctioned limit/drawing power. In cases where the outstanding balance in the principal operating account is less than the sanctioned limit/drawing power, but there are no credits continuously for 90 days as on the date of Balance Sheet or credits are not enough to cover the interest debited during the same period, these accounts should be treated 'out of . as order' 2.3 Overdue

Any amount due to the bank under any credit facility is overdue if it is not paid on the due date fixed by the bank. 3. RECOGNITION 3.1 Income Policy INCOME Recognition

3.1.1 The policy of income recognition has to be objective and based on the record of recovery. Internationally income from nonperforming assets (NPA) is not recognised on accrual basis but is booked as income only when it is actually received. Therefore, the banks should not charge and take to income account 6 DBOD-MC on IRAC 2010

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interest NPA.

on

any

3.1.2 However, interest on advances against term deposits, NSCs, IVPs, KVPs and Life policies may be taken to income account on the due date, provided adequate margin is available in the accounts. 3.1.3 Fees and commissions earned by the banks as a result of renegotiations or rescheduling of outstanding debts should be recognised on an accrual basis over the period of time covered by the renegotiated or rescheduled extension of credit. 3.1.4 If Government guaranteed advances become NPA, the interest on such advances should not be taken to income account unless the interest has been realised . 3.2 Reversal income of

3.2.1 If any advance, including bills purchased and discounted, becomes NPA, the entire interest accrued and credited to income account in the past periods, should be reversed if the same is not This will apply to Government realised. guaranteed accounts also. 3.2.2 In respect of NPAs, fees, commission and similar income that have accrued should cease to accrue in the current period and should be reversed with respect to past periods, if uncollected. 3.2.3 Assets Leased

The finance component of finance income [as defined in AS 19 charge Leases issued by the Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)] on the leased asset which has accrued and was credited to income account before the asset became nonperforming, and remaining unrealised, should be reversed or provided for in the current accounting period. 3.3 Appropriation NPAs of recovery in

3.3.1 Interest realised on NPAs may be taken to income account provided the credits in the accounts towards interest are not out of fresh/ additional credit facilities sanctioned to the borrower concerned. 3.3.2 In the absence of a clear agreement between the bank and the borrower for the purpose of appropriation of recoveries in NPAs (i.e. towards principal or interest due), banks should adopt an accounting principle and exercise the right of 7 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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appropriation of recoveries in a uniform and consistent manner. 3.4 Interest Application

On an account turning NPA, banks should reverse the interest already charged and not collected by debiting Profit and Loss account, and stop further application of interest. However, banks may continue to record such accrued interest in a Memorandum account in their For the purpose of computing Gross Advances, interest recorded in books. the Memorandum account should not be taken into account. 3.5 Computation levels of NPA

Banks are advised to compute their Gross Advances, Net Advances, Gross NPAs and Net NPAs, as per the format Annex -1. in

4. CLASSIFICATION 4.1

ASSET

Categories of NPAs Banks are required to classify nonperforming assets further into the following three categories based on the period for which the asset has remained nonperforming and the realisability of the dues: i. ii. Substandard Assets Doubtful Assets

iii. Loss Assets 4.1.1 Assets Substandard

With effect from 31 March 2005, a substandard asset would be one, which has remained NPA for a period less than or equal to 12 months. In such cases, the current net worth of the borrower/ guarantor or the current market value of the security charged is not enough to ensure recovery of the dues to the banks in full. In other words, such an asset will have well defined credit weaknesses that jeopardise the liquidation of the debt and are characterised by the distinct possibility that the banks will sustain some loss, if deficiencies are not corrected. 4.1.2 Assets Doubtful

With effect from March 31, 2005, an asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months. A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in assets that were classified as sub8 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

standard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values highly questionable and improbable. 4.1.3 Assets Loss

A loss asset is one where loss has been identified by the bank or internal or external auditors or the RBI inspection but the amount has not been written off wholly. In other words, such an asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted although there may be some salvage or recovery value. 4.2 Guidelines assets for classification of

4.2.1 Broadly speaking, classification of assets into above categories should be done taking into account the degree of well-defined credit weaknesses and the extent of dependence on collateral security for realisation of dues. 4.2.2 Banks should establish appropriate internal systems to eliminate the tendency to delay or postpone the identification of NPAs, especially in respect of high value accounts. The banks may fix a minimum cut off point to decide what would constitute a high value account depending upon their respective business levels. The cut off point should be valid for the entire accounting year. Responsibility and validation levels for ensuring proper asset classification may be fixed by the banks. The system should ensure that doubts in asset classification due to any reason are settled through specified internal channels within one month from the date on which the account would have been classified as NPA as per extant guidelines . 4.2.3 Availability of security / net worth of borrower/ guarantor The availability of security or net worth of borrower/ guarantor should not be taken into account for the purpose of treating an advance as NPA or otherwise, except to the extent provided in Para 4.2.9, as income recognition is based on record of recovery . 4.2.4 deficiencies Accounts with temporary

The classification of an asset as NPA should be based on the record of recovery. Bank should not classify an advance account as NPA merely due to the existence of some deficiencies which are temporary in nature such as non-availability of adequate drawing power based on the latest available stock statement, balance

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outstanding exceeding the limit temporarily, non-submission of stock statements and non-renewal of the limits on the due date, etc. In the matter of classification of accounts with such deficiencies banks may follow the following guidelines: i) Banks should ensure that drawings in the working capital accounts are covered by the adequacy of current assets, since current are first appropriated in times of distress. Drawing power is assets required to be arrived at based on the stock statement which is current. However, considering the difficulties of large borrowers, stock statements relied upon banks for determining drawing power should not be older than by the three months. The outstanding in the account based on drawing power calculated statements older than three months, would be deemed from stock as irregular . A working capital borrowal account will become NPA if such irregular are permitted in the account for a continuous period of drawings 90 days even though the unit may be working or the borrower's financial position is satisfactory. ii) Regular and ad hoc credit limits need to be reviewed/ regularised not than three months from the due date/date of ad hoc sanction. In case later of constraints such as non-availability of financial statements and other data the borrowers, the branch should furnish evidence to show from that renewal/ review of credit limits is already on and would be completed soon. case, delay beyond six months is not considered desirable as In any a general discipline. Hence, an account where the regular/ ad hoc credit have not been reviewed/ renewed within 180 days from the due limits date/ of ad hoc sanction will be treated as date NPA. 4.2.5 NPAs Upgradation of loan accounts classified as

If arrears of interest and principal are paid by the borrower in the case of loan accounts classified as NPAs, the account should no longer be treated as nonperforming and may be classified as standard accounts. With regard to upgradation of a restructured/ rescheduled account which is classified as NPA contents of paragraphs 11.2 and 14.2 in the Part B of this circular will be applicable.

4.2.6 date

Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet

The asset classification of borrowal accounts where a solitary or a few credits are recorded before the balance sheet date should be handled with care and without scope for subjectivity. Where the account indicates inherent weakness on the basis of the data available, the account should be deemed as a NPA. In other genuine cases, the banks must furnish satisfactory evidence to the Statutory Auditors/Inspecting Officers about the manner of regularisation of the account to eliminate doubts on their performing status. 10 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

4.2.7 wise

Asset Classification to be borrower-wise and not facilityi) It is difficult to envisage a situation when only one facility to a borrower/one investment in any of the securities issued by the borrower becomes a problem credit/investment and not others. Therefore, all the facilities granted by a bank to a borrower and investment in all the securities issued by the borrower will have to be treated as NPA/NPI and not particular facility/investment or part thereof which has become the irregular. ii) If the debits arising out of devolvement of letters of credit or invoked guarantees are parked in a separate account, the balance outstanding in that account also should be treated as a part of the borrowers principal operatingfor the purpose of application of prudential norms on account income recognition, asset classification and provisioning. iii) The bills discounted under LC favouring a borrower may not be classified as a Non-performing advance (NPA), when any other facility to the borrower is classified as NPA. However, in case granted documents not accepted on presentation or the payment under the LC under LC are is made on the due date by the LC issuing bank for any reason and not the borrower does not immediately make good the amount disbursed as a result of discounting of concerned bills, the outstanding bills discounted will immediately be classified as NPA with effect from the date when the other facilities had been classified as NPA. iv) The overdue receivables representing positive mark-to-market valuederivative contract will be treated as a non-performing asset, if of a these unpaid for 90 days or more. In case the overdues arising remain from forward contracts and plain vanilla swaps and options become NPAs, all other funded facilities granted to the client shall also be classified as nonperforming asset following the principle of borrower-wise classification as per existing asset classification norms. Accordingly, any the amount, representing positive mark-to-market value of the foreign exchange contracts (other than forward contract and plain vanilla swaps derivative and options) that were entered into during the period April 2007 to June 2008, has already crystallised or might crystallise in future and is / which becomes from the client, should be parked in a separate receivable account maintained in the name of the client / counterparty. This amount, even if overdue for a period of 90 days or more, will not make other funded facilities to the client, NPA on account of the principle of borrower-wise provided asset classification, though such receivable overdue for 90 days or more shall itself be classified as NPA, as per the extant IRAC norms. The classification of all other assets of such clients will, however, continue to be governed by the extant IRAC norms. v) If the client concerned is also a borrower of the bank enjoying a Cash or Overdraft facility from the bank, the receivables mentioned at Credit itemabove may be debited to that account on due date and the impact of (iv) its non-payment would be reflected in the cash credit / overdraft facility account. The principle of borrower-wise asset classification would be applicable here also, as per extant norms. In cases where the contract provides for settlement of the vi) current mark-to-market value of a derivative contract before its maturity, only the current credit exposure (not the potential future exposure) will be classified as a non-performing asset after an overdue period of 90 days. 11 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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vii) As the overdue receivables mentioned above would unrealised represent income already booked by the bank on accrual basis, after 90 days of overdue period, the amount already taken to 'Profit and Loss a/c' should be reversed. 4.2.8 Advances arrangements under consortium

Asset classification of accounts under consortium should be based on record of the recovery of the individual member and other aspects having a bearing banks on the recoverability of the advances. Where the remittances by the borrower under consortium lending arrangements are pooled with one bank and/or where the bank receiving remittances is not parting with the share of other member banks, the account will be treated as not serviced in the books of the other member banks and therefore, be treated as NPA. The banks participating in the consortium should, therefore, arrange to get their share of recovery transferred from the lead bank or get an express consent from the lead bank for the transfer of their share of recovery, to ensure proper asset classification in their respective books. 4.2.9 by Accounts where there is erosion in the value of security/frauds committed borrower s

In respect of accounts where there are potential threats for recovery on account of erosion in the value of security or non-availability of security and existence of other factors such as frauds committed by borrowers it will not be prudent that such accounts should go through various stages of asset classification. In cases of such serious credit impairment the asset should be straightaway classified as doubtful or loss asset as appropriate: i. Erosion in the value of security can be reckoned as significant when the realisable value of the security is less than 50 per cent of the value assessed by the bank or accepted by RBI at the time of last inspection, as the case may be. Such NPAs may be straightaway classified under doubtful category and provisioning should be made as applicable to doubtful assets. ii. If the realisable value of the security, as assessed by the bank/ approved valuers/ RBI is less than 10 per cent of the outstanding in the borrowal accounts, the existence of security should be ignored and the asset should be straightaway classified as loss asset. It may be either written fully provided for by the off or bank. 4.2.10 Banks Advances to PACS/FSS ceded to Commercial

In respect of agricultural advances as well as advances for other purposes granted by banks to PACS/ FSS under the on-lending system, only that particular credit 12

facility granted to PACS/ FSS which is in default for a period of two crop seasons in case of short duration crops and one crop season in case of long duration crops, as the case may be, after it has become due will be classified as NPA and not all the credit facilities sanctioned to a PACS/ FSS. The other direct loans & advances, if any, granted by the bank to the member borrower of a PACS/ FSS outside the onlending arrangement will become NPA even if one of the credit facilities granted to the same borrower becomes NPA. 4.2.11 etc Advances against Term Deposits, NSCs, KVP/IVP,

Advances against term deposits, NSCs eligible for surrender, IVPs, KVPs and life policies need not be treated as NPAs, provided adequate margin is available in the accounts. Advances against gold ornaments, government securities and all other securities are not covered by this exemption. 4.2.12 interest Loans with moratorium for payment of i. In the case of bank finance given for industrial projects or for agricultural plantations etc. where moratorium is available for payment of interest, payment of interest becomes 'due' only after the moratorium or gestation period is over. Therefore, such amounts of interest do not become overdue and hence do not become NPA, with reference to the date of debit of interest. They become overdue after due date for payment of interest, if uncollected. ii. In the case of housing loan or similar advances granted to staff members where interest is payable after recovery of principal, interest need not be considered as overdue from the first quarter onwards. Such loans/advances should be classified as NPA only when there is a default in repayment of instalment of principal or payment of interest on the respective due dates. 4.2.13 advances Agricultural

i. A loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for two crop seasons. A loan granted for long duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the instalment of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop season. For the purpose of these guidelines, long duration crops would be crops with crop season longer than one year and crops, which are not long duration crops, would be treated as short duration crops. The crop season for each crop, which means the period up to harvesting of the crops raised, would be as determined by the State Level Bankers Committee in each Depending upon the duration of crops raised by an agriculturist, State. the above NPA norms would also be made applicable to agricultural term loans availed of by him. The above norms should be made applicable to all direct agricultural listed at items 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.1.6 and advances as 1.2.1, and 1.2.3 of Master Circular on lending to priority sector 1.2.2 RPCD. 13

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No.Plan. BC. 2 /04.09.01/ 2009-2010 dated July 1, 2009. An extract of list Annex 2 . In respect of the of these items is furnished in the agricultural loans, other than those specified in the Annex 2 and term loans given to nonagriculturists, identification of NPAs would be done on the same as non-agricultural advances, which, at present, is the 90 basis days delinquency norm. ii. Where natural calamities impair the repaying capacity of agricultural banks may decide on their own as a relief measure conversion borrowers, of the short-term production loan into a term loan or re-schedulement of the repayment period; and the sanctioning of fresh short-term loan, subject to guidelines contained in RBI circular RPCD. No.PLFS.BC.6/ 05.04.02/ 200405 dated July 1, 2005. iii. In such cases of conversion or re-schedulement, the term loan as well as fresh short-term loan may be treated as current dues and need not classified as NPA. The asset classification of these loans would be thereafter be governed by the revised terms & conditions and would be treated as NPA if interest and/or instalment of principal remains overdue for two crop seasons for short duration crops and for one crop season for long duration the purpose of these guidelines, "long duration" crops would crops. For be crops with crop season longer than one year and crops, which are not 'long duration" would be treated as "short duration" crops. iv. The debts as on March 31, 2004 of farmers, who have suffered production and income losses on account of successive natural calamities, i.e., drought, flood, or other calamities which might have occurred in the districts for two or more successive years during the past five years may be rescheduled/ restructured by the banks, provided the State Government concerned has declared such districts as calamity affected. Accordingly, the interest outstanding/accrued in the accounts of such borrowers (crop and agriculture term loans) up to March 31, 2004 may be clubbed loans with principal outstanding therein as on March 31, 2004, and the the amount thus arrived at shall be repayable over a period of five years, at current rates, including an initial moratorium of two years. As regards interest the crop loans and agricultural term loans which have already been restructuredof natural calamities as per the standing guidelines, only on account the overdue instalments including interest thereon as on March 31, 2004 may be taken into account for the proposed restructuring. On restructuring as above, the farmers concerned will become eligible for fresh loans. The rescheduled/restructured loans as also the fresh loans to be issued to the farmers may be treated as current dues and need not be classified as NPA. the fresh loans would be governed by the NPA norms as applicable While to agricultural loans, in case of rescheduled/restructured loans, the NPA norms would be applicable from the third year onwards, i.e., on expiry of the initial moratorium period of two years. v. In case of Kharif crop loans in the districts affected by failure of the SouthWest monsoon as notified by the State Government, recovery of any amount either by way of principal or interest during the financial year 2002-03 need not be effected. Further, the principal amount of crop loans in such cases should be converted into term loans and will be recovered over a period of minimum 5 years in case of small and marginal farmers and 4 years in case of other farmers. Interest due in the financial year 2002-03 on loans should also be deferred and no interest should be charged on crop the deferred interest. In such cases of conversion or re-schedulement of crop loans into term loans, the term loans may be treated as current dues and 14 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

need not be classified as NPA. The asset classification of these loans thereafter be governed by the revised terms and conditions and would would be treated as NPA if interest and / or instalment of principal remain overdue for two crop seasons. vi. While fixing the repayment schedule in case of rural housing advances granted to agriculturists under Indira Awas Yojana and Golden Rural Housing Finance Scheme, banks should ensure that Jubilee the interest/instalment payable on such advances are linked to crop cycles. 4.2.14 advances Government guaranteed

The credit facilities backed by guarantee of the Central Government though overdue may be treated as NPA only when the Government repudiates its guarantee when invoked. This exemption from classification of Government guaranteed advances as NPA is not for the purpose of recognition of income. The requirement of invocation of guarantee has been delinked for deciding the asset classification and provisioning requirements in respect of State Government guaranteed exposures. With effect from the year ending 31 March 2006 State Government guaranteed advances and investments in State Government guaranteed securities would attract asset classification and provisioning norms if interest and/or principal or any other amount due to the bank remains overdue for more than 90 days.

4.2.15 implementation 4.2.15.1

Projects

under

For all projects financed by the FIs/ banks

after 28 th May, 2002 the date , of completion of the project should be clearly spelt out at the time of financial closure of the project. Project There are occasions when the completion of projects is delayed for legal and other extraneous reasons like delays in Government approvals etc. All these factors, which are beyond the control of the promoters, may lead to delay in project implementation and involve restructuring / reschedulement of loans by banks. Accordingly, the following asset classification norms would apply to the project loans before commencement of commercial operations. These guidelines will, however, not be applicable to restructuring of advances covered under the paragraph 14.1 of this Master Circular (Advances classified as Commercial Real Estate exposures; Advances classified as Capital Market exposure; and Consumer and Personal Advances) which will

4.2.15.2 Loans

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continue to be dealt with in terms of the extant provisions i.e paragraph 14.1 of the circular. For this purpose, all project loans have been divided into the following two categories : (a) sector (b) sector Project Loans for infrastructure Project Loans for non-infrastructure

'Project Loan' would mean any term loan which has been extended for the purpose of setting up of an economic venture. Banks must fix a Date of Commencement of Commercial Operations (DCCO) for all project loans at the time of sanction of the loan / financial closure (in the case of multiple banking or consortium arrangements). 4.2.15.3 Project Sector Loans for Infrastructure

(i) A loan for an infrastructure project will be classified as NPA during any time before commencement of commercial operations as per record of recovery (90 days overdue), unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below. (ii) A loan for an infrastructure project will be classified as NPA if it fails to commence commercial operations within two years from the original DCCO, even if it is regular as per record of recovery, unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below . (iii) If a project loan classified as 'standard asset' is restructured any time during the period up to two years from the original date of commencement of commercial operations (DCCO), in accordance with the provisions of Part B of this Master Circular, it can be retained as a standard asset if the fresh DCCO is fixed within the following limits, and further provided the account continues to be serviced as per the restructured terms. (a) Infrastructure cases Projects involving court

Up to another 2 years (beyond the existing extended period of 2 years i.e total extension of 4 years), in case the reason for extension of date of commencement of production is arbitration proceedings or a court case.

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(b)

Infrastructure Projects delayed for other reasons beyond the control of promoter s Up to another 1 year (beyond the existing extended period of 2 years i.e. total extension of 3 years), in other than court cases. (iv) It is re-iterated that the dispensation in para 4.2.15.3 (iii) is subject to adherence to the provisions regarding restructuring of accounts as contained in the Master Circular which would inter alia require that the application for restructuring should be received before the expiry of period of two years from the original DCCO and when the account is still standard as per record of recovery. The other conditions applicable would be : a. In cases where there is moratorium for payment of interest, banks should not book income on accrual basis beyond two years from the original DCCO, considering the high risk involved in such restructured accounts. b. Banks should maintain provisions on such accounts as long as these are classified as standard assets as under : Until two years from the original DCCO 0.40% During the third and the fourth years after the original DCCO.

1.00%

(v) For the purpose of these guidelines, mere extension of DCCO will also be treated as restructuring even if all other terms and conditions remain the same. 4.2.15.4 Sector Project Loans for Non-Infrastructure

(i) A loan for a non-infrastructure project will be classified as NPA during any time before commencement of commercial operations as per record of recovery (90 days overdue), unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below. (ii) A loan for a non-infrastructure project will be classified as NPA if it fails to commence commercial operations within six months from the original DCCO, even if is regular as per record of recovery, unless it is restructured and becomes eligible for classification as 'standard asset' in terms of paras (iii) to (v) below . 17 DBOD-MC on IRAC 2010

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(iii) In case of non-infrastructure projects, if the delay in commencement of commercial operations extends beyond the period of six months from the date of completion as determined at the time of financial closure, banks can prescribe a fresh DCCO, and retain the "standard" classification by undertaking restructuring of accounts in accordance with the provisions contained in this Master Circular, provided the fresh DCCO does not extend beyond a period of twelve months from the original DCCO. This would among others also imply that the restructuring application is received before the expiry of six months from the original DCCO, and when the account is still "standard" as per the record of recovery. The other conditions applicable would be : a. In cases where there is moratorium for payment of interest, banks should not book income on accrual basis beyond six months from the original DCCO, considering the high risk involved in such restructured accounts. b. Banks should maintain provisions on such accounts as long as these are classified as standard assets as under : Until the first six months from the original DCCO 0.40% During the next six months 1.00% (iv) For this purpose, mere extension of DCCO will also be treated as restructuring even if all other terms and conditions remain the same. 4.2.15.5 Issues Other

(i) All other aspects of restructuring of project loans before commencement of commercial operations would be governed by the provisions of Part B of Master Circular on Prudential norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning Pertaining to Advances. Restructuring of project loans after commencement of commercial operations will also be governed by these instructions. (ii) Any change in the repayment schedule of a project loan caused due to an increase in the project outlay on account of increase in scope and size of the project, would not be treated as restructuring if :

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(a) The increase in scope and size of the project takes place before commencement of commercial operations of the existing project. (b) The rise in cost excluding any cost-overrun in respect of the original project is 25% or more of the original outlay. (c) The bank re-assesses the viability of the project before approving the enhancement of scope and fixing a fresh DCCP. (d) On re-rating, (if already rated) the new rating is not below the previous rating by more than one notch. (iii) These guidelines would apply to those cases where the modification to terms of existing loans, as indicated above, are approved by banks from the date of this circular . 4.2.15.6 recognition Income

(i) Banks may recognise income on accrual basis in respect of the projects under implementation, which are classified as standard. (ii) Banks should not recognise income on accrual basis in respect of the projects under implementation which are classified as a substandard asset. Banks may recognise income in such accounts only on realisation on cash basis. Consequently, banks which have wrongly recognised income in the past should reverse the interest if it was recognised as income during the current year or make a provision for an equivalent amount if it was recognised as income in the previous year(s). As regards the regulatory treatment of funded interest recognised as income and conversion into equity, debentures or any other instrument banks should adopt the following: a) Funded Interest: Income recognition in respect of the NPAs, regardless of whether these are or are not subjected to restructuring/ rescheduling/ renegotiation of terms of the loan agreement, should be done strictly on cash basis, only on realisation and not if the amount of interest overdue has been funded. If, however, the amount of funded interest is recognised as income, a provision for an equal amount should also be made simultaneously. In other words, any funding of interest in respect of NPAs, if recognised as income, should be fully provided for. 19 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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b) Conversion into equity, debentures or any other instrument: The amount outstanding converted into other instruments would normally comprise principal and the interest components. If the amount of interest dues is converted into equity or any other instrument, and income is recognised in consequence, full provision should be made for the amount of income so recognised to offset the effect of such income recognition. Such provision would be in addition to the amount of provision that may be necessary for the depreciation in the value of the equity or other instruments, as per the investment valuation norms. However, if the conversion of interest is into equity which is quoted, interest income can be recognised at market value of equity, as on the date of conversion, not exceeding the amount of interest converted to equity. Such equity must thereafter be classified in the available for sale category and valued at lower of cost or market value. In case of conversion of principal and /or interest in respect of NPAs into debentures, such debentures should be treated as NPA, ab initio, in the same asset classification as was applicable to loan just before conversion and provision made as per norms. This norm would also apply to zero coupon bonds or other instruments which seek to defer the liability of the issuer. On such debentures, income should be recognised only on realisation basis. The income in respect of unrealised interest which is converted into debentures or any other fixed maturity instrument should be recognised only on redemption of such instrument. Subject to the above, the equity shares or other instruments arising from conversion of the principal amount of loan would also be subject to the usual prudential valuation norms as applicable to such instruments. 4.2.15.7 Provisioning While there will be no change in the extant norms on provisioning for NPAs, banks which are already holding provisions against some of the accounts, which may now be classified as standard, shall continue to hold the provisions and shall not reverse the same. 4.2.16 Finance Takeout

Takeout finance is the product emerging in the context of the funding of longterm infrastructure projects. Under this arrangement, the institution/the bank financing infrastructure projects will have an arrangement with any financial institution for transferring to the latter the outstanding in respect of such financing in their 20 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

books on a predetermined basis. In view of the time-lag involved in taking-over, the possibility of a default in the meantime cannot be ruled out. The norms of asset classification will have to be followed by the concerned bank/financial institution in whose books the account stands as balance sheet item as on the relevant date. If the lending institution observes that the asset has turned NPA on the basis of the record of recovery, it should be classified accordingly. The lending institution should not recognise income on accrual basis and account for the same only when it is paid by the borrower/ taking over institution (if the arrangement so provides). The lending institution should also make provisions against any asset turning into NPA pending its take over by taking over institution. As and when the asset is taken over by the taking over institution, the corresponding provisions could be reversed. However, the taking over institution, on taking over such assets, should make provisions treating the account as NPA from the actual date of it becoming NPA even though the account was not in its books as on that date. 4.2.17 Credit Post-shipment Supplier's

i. In respect of post-shipment credit extended by the banks covering export of goods to countries for which the ECGCs cover is available, EXIM Bank has introduced a guarantee-cum-refinance programme whereby, in the event of default, EXIM Bank will pay the guaranteed amount to the bank within a period of 30 days from the day the bank invokes the guarantee after the exporter has filed claim with ECGC. ii. Accordingly, to the extent payment has been received from the EXIM Bank, the advance may not be treated as a nonperforming asset for asset classification and provisioning purposes. 4.2.18 Finance Export Project

i. In respect of export project finance, there could be instances where the actual importer has paid the dues to the bank abroad but the bank in turn is unable to remit the amount due to political developments such as war, strife, UN embargo, etc. ii. In such cases, where the lending bank is able to establish through documentary evidence that the importer has cleared the dues in full by depositing the amount in the bank abroad before it turned into NPA in the books of the bank, but the importer's country is not allowing the funds to be remitted due to political or other reasons, the asset classification may be 21 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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made after a period of one year from the date the amount was deposited by the importer in the bank abroad. 4.2.19 TLI Advances under rehabilitation approved by BIFR/

Banks are not permitted to upgrade the classification of any advance in respect of which the terms have been renegotiated unless the package of renegotiated terms has worked satisfactorily for a period of one year. While the existing credit facilities sanctioned to a unit under rehabilitation packages approved by BIFR/term lending institutions will continue to be classified as substandard or doubtful as the case may be, in respect of additional facilities sanctioned under the rehabilitation packages, the Income Recognition, Asset Classification norms will become applicable after a period of one year from the date of disbursement.

5 NORMS 5.1

PROVISIONING

Genera l 5.1.1 The primary responsibility for making adequate provisions for any diminution in the value of loan assets, investment or other assets is that of the bank managements and the statutory auditors. The assessment made by the inspecting officer of the RBI is furnished to the bank to assist the bank management and the statutory auditors in taking a decision in regard to making adequate and necessary provisions in terms of prudential guidelines. 5.1.2 In conformity with the prudential norms, provisions should be made on the nonperforming assets on the basis of classification of assets into prescribed categories as detailed in paragraphs 4 supra. Taking into account the time lag between an account becoming doubtful of recovery, its recognition as such, the realisation of the security and the erosion over time in the value of security charged to the bank, the banks should make provision against substandard assets, doubtful assets and loss assets as below:

5.2

Loss assets

Loss assets should be written off. If loss assets are permitted to remain in the books for any reason, 100 percent of the outstanding should be provided for.

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5.3

Doubtful assets i. 100 percent of the extent to which the advance is not covered by the realisable value of the security to which the bank has a valid recourse and the realisable value is estimated on a realistic basis. ii. In regard to the secured portion, provision may be made on the following the rates ranging from 20 percent to 100 percent of the secured basis, at portion depending upon the period for which the asset has remained doubtful: Period for which the advance has remained in doubtful category year Up to one 20 One to three years 30 More than three years 100 Note: purposes Provision requirement (%)

Valuation of Security for provisioning

With a view to bringing down divergence arising out of difference in assessment of value of security, in cases of NPAs with balance of Rs. 5 crore and the above audit at annual intervals by external agencies appointed as per stock the guidelines approved by the Board would be mandatory in order to enhance the reliability on stock valuation. Collaterals such as immovable properties charged in favour of the bank should be got valued once in three years by valuers appointed as per the guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

5.4

Substandard assets

(i) A general provision of 10 percent on total outstanding should be made without making any allowance for ECGC guarantee cover securities . and available (ii) The unsecured exposures which are identified as substandard would attract additional provision of 10 per cent, i.e., a total of 20 per cent on the outstanding balance. However, in view of certain safeguards such as escrow accounts available in respect of infrastructure lending, infrastructure loan accounts which are classified as sub-standard will attract a provisioning of 15 per cent instead of the aforesaid prescription of 20 per cent. To avail of this benefit of lower provisioning, the banks should have in place an appropriate mechanism to escrow the cash flows and also have a clear and legal first claim on these cash flows. The provisioning requirement for unsecured doubtful assets is 100 per cent. Unsecured exposure is defined as an exposure where the realisable value of the security, as assessed by the bank/approved valuers/Reserve Banks inspecting officers, is not more than 10 percent, ab, of the outstanding exposure. Exposure shall include all initio funded and non-funded exposures (including underwriting and similar commitments). Security will mean tangible security properly discharged to the bank and will not include intangible securities like guarantees (including State government guarantees), comfort letters etc. 23 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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(iii) In order to enhance transparency and ensure correct reflection of the unsecured advances in Schedule 9 of the banks' balance sheet, it is advised that the following would be applicable from the financial year 2009-10 onwards : a) For determining the amount of unsecured advances for reflecting in schedule 9 the published balance sheet, the rights, licenses, authorisations, etc., charged of to banks as collateral in respect of projects (including infrastructure the projects) financed by them, should not be reckoned as tangible security. Hence such advances shall be reckoned as unsecured. b) However, banks may treat annuities under build-operate-transfer (BOT) model in respect of road / highway projects and toll collection rights, where there are provisions to compensate the project sponsor if a certain level of traffic is not achieved, as tangible securities subject to the condition that banks' right to receive annuities and toll collection rights is legally enforceable and irrevocable. b) Banks should also disclose the total amount of advances for which intangible such as charge over the rights, licenses, authority, etc. has been taken securities as the estimated value of such intangible collateral. The disclosure may be also made a separate head in "Notes to Accounts". This would differentiate such under loans other entirely unsecured from loans. 5.5 Standard assets (i) The provisioning requirements for all types of standard assets stands amended as below, with effect from November 5, 2009. Banks should make general provision for standard assets at the following rates for the funded outstanding on global loan portfolio basis: (a) direct advances to agricultural and SME sectors at 0.25 per cent; (b) advances to Commercial Real Estate (CRE) Sector at 1.00 per cent; (c) all other loans and advances not included in (a) and (b) above at 0.40 per cent

(ii) The revised norms would be effective prospectively but the provisions held at present should not be reversed. However, in future, if by applying the revised provisioning norms, any provisions are required over and above the level of provisions currently held for the standard category assets, these should be duly provided for. (iii) While the provisions on individual portfolios are required to be calculated at the rates applicable to them, the excess or shortfall in the provisioning, vis-a-vis the position as on any previous date, should be determined on an aggregate basis. If 24 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

the provisions on an aggregate basis required to be held with effect from November 5, 2009 are less than the provisions already held, the provisions rendered surplus should not be reversed to P&L and should continue to be maintained at the existing level. In case of shortfall determined on aggregate basis, the balance should be provided for by debit to P&L. (iv) The provisions on standard assets should not be reckoned for arriving at net NPAs . (v) The provisions towards Standard Assets need not be netted from gross advances but shown separately as 'Contingent Provisions against Standard Assets' under 'Other Liabilities and Provisions Others' in Schedule 5 of the balance sheet.

5.6 5.6.1 banks

Prudential provisions

norms

on

creation

and

utilisation

of

floating

Principle for creation of floating provisions by The bank's board of directors should lay down approved policy regarding the level to which the floating provisions can be created. The bank should hold floating provisions for advances and investments separately and the guidelines prescribed will be applicable to floating provisions held for both advances & investment portfolios . 5.6.2 banks Principle for utilisation of floating provisions by

i The floating provisions should not be used for making specific provisions as per the extant prudential guidelines in respect of nonperforming assets or for making regulatory provisions for standard assets. The floating provisions can be used only for contingencies under extraordinary circumstances for making specific provisions in impaired accounts after obtaining boards approval and with prior permission of RBI. The boards of the banks should lay down an approved policy as to what circumstances would be considered extraordinary. ii To facilitate banks' boards to evolve suitable policies in this regard, it is clarified that the extra-ordinary circumstances refer to losses which do not arise in the normal course of business and are exceptional and non-recurring in nature. These extra-ordinary circumstances could broadly fall under three categories viz. General, Market and Credit. Under general category, there can be situations where bank is put unexpectedly to loss due to events such as civil unrest or collapse of currency in a country. Natural calamities and pandemics may also be included in the general category. Market category would include events such as 25 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

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a general melt down in the markets, which affects the entire financial system. Among the credit category, only exceptional credit losses would be considered as an extra-ordinary circumstance. iii In terms of the Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008, lending institutions shall neither claim from the Central Government, nor recover from the farmer, interest in excess of the principal amount, unapplied interest, penal interest, legal charges, inspection charges and miscellaneous charges, etc. All such interest / charges will be borne by the lending institutions. In view of the extraordinary circumstances in which the banks are required to bear such interest / charges, banks are allowed, as a one time measure, to utilise, at their discretion, the Floating Provisions held for 'advances' portfolio, only to the extent of meeting the interest / charges referred to above. 5.6.3 Accounting Floating provisions cannot be reversed by credit to the profit and loss account. They can only be utilised for making specific provisions in extraordinary circumstances as mentioned above. Until such utilisation, these provisions can be netted off from gross NPAs to arrive at disclosure of net NPAs. Alternatively, they can be treated as part of Tier II capital within the overall ceiling of 1.25 % of total risk weighted assets. 5.6.4 Disclosures Banks should make comprehensive disclosures on floating provisions in the notes on accounts to the balance sheet on (a) opening balance in the floating provisions account, (b) the quantum of floating provisions made in the accounting year, (c) purpose and amount of draw down made during the accounting year, and (d) closing balance in the floating provisions account. 5.7 Additional Provisions for NPAs at higher than prescribed rates The regulatory norms for provisioning represent the minimum requirement. A bank may voluntarily make specific provisions for advances at rates which are higher than the rates prescribed under existing regulations, to provide for estimated actual loss in collectible amount, provided such higher rates are approved by the Board of Directors and consistently adopted from year to year. Such additional provisions are not to be considered as floating provisions. The additional provisions for NPAs, like the minimum regulatory provision on NPAs, may be netted off from gross NPAs to arrive at the net NPAs 26 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

5.8

Provisions Assets i) assets

on

Leased

Substandard a) 10 percent of the sum of the net investment in the lease and the unrealised portion of finance income net of finance charge component. The terms net investment in the lease, finance income and finance charge are as defined in AS 19 Leases issued by the ICAI. b) Unsecured lease exposures, as defined in paragraph 5.4 above, which are identified as substandard would attract additional provision of 10 per cent, i.e., a total of 20 per cent.

ii) assets

Doubtful

100 percent of the extent to which, the finance is not secured by the realisable value of the leased asset. Realisable value is to be estimated on a realistic basis. In addition to the above provision, provision at the following rates should be made on the sum of the net investment in the lease and the unrealised portion of finance income net of finance charge component of the secured portion, depending upon the period for which asset has been doubtful: Period for which the advance has remained in doubtful category Up to one year 20 One to three years 30 More than three years 100 iii) assets Loss Provisio n requirement (%)

The entire asset should be written off. If for any reason, an asset is allowed to remain in books, 100 percent of the sum of the net investment in the lease and the unrealised portion of finance income net of finance charge component should be provided for. 5.9 Guidelines for Circumstances Provisions under Special

5.9.1 Advances granted under rehabilitation packages approved by BIFR/term lending institutions (i) In respect of advances under rehabilitation package approved by BIFR/term lending institutions, the provision should continue to be made in respect of dues to the bank on the existing credit facilities as per their classification as substandard or doubtful asset. (ii) As regards the package additional 27 facilities sanctioned as per on IRAC Norms-

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finalised by BIFR and/or term lending institutions, provision on facilities sanctioned need not be made for a period of one year from the additional date of disbursement. (iii) are In respect of additional credit facilities granted to SSI units which identified as sick [as defined in Section IV (Para 2.8) of RPCD circular RPCD.PLNFS.BC. No 83 /06.02.31/20042005 dated 1 March 2005] and where rehabilitation packages/nursing programmes have been drawn by the banks themselves or under consortium arrangements, no provision need be made for a period of one year.

5.9.2 Advances against term deposits, NSCs eligible for surrender, IVPs, KVPs, gold ornaments, government & other securities and life insurance policies would attract provisioning requirements as applicable to their asset classification status. 5.9.3 account Treatment of interest suspense

Amounts held in Interest Suspense Account should not be reckoned as part of provisions. Amounts lying in the Interest Suspense Account should be deducted from the relative advances and thereafter, provisioning as per the norms, should be made on the balances after such deduction. 5.9.4 guarantee Advances covered by ECGC

In the case of advances classified as doubtful and guaranteed by ECGC, provision should be made only for the balance in excess of the amount guaranteed by the Corporation. Further, while arriving at the provision required to be made for doubtful assets, realisable value of the securities should first be deducted from the outstanding balance in respect of the amount guaranteed by the Corporation and then provision made as illustrated hereunder:

Exampl e Outstanding Balance Rs. 4 lakhs ECGC Cover 50 percent Period for which the advance has remained doubtful Value of security held (excludes worth of Rs.)

More than 3 years doubtful (as on March 31, 2004) Rs. lakhs 1.50

remained

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Provision made

required

to

be

Outstanding balance Rs. 4.00 lakhs Less: Value of security held Rs. 1.50 lakhs Unrealised balance Rs. 2.50 lakhs Less: ECGC Cover (50% of unrealisable balance) Net unsecured balance Rs. 1.25 lakhs Provision for unsecured portion of advance Provision for secured advance (as on March 31, 2005) Total made provision to be portion of

Rs. lakhs

1.25

Rs. 1.25 lakhs (@ 100 percent of unsecured portion) Rs.0.90 lakhs (@ 60 per cent of the secured portion) Rs.2.15 lakhs (as on March 31, 2005)

5.9.5 Advance guarantee

covered

by

CGTSI

In case the advance covered by CGTSI guarantee becomes nonperforming, no provision need be made towards the guaranteed portion. The amount outstanding in excess of the guaranteed portion should be provided for as per the extant guidelines on provisioning for nonperforming advances. Two illustrative examples are given below : Example I Asset classification status: 2004) Doubtful More than 3 years (as on March 31,

CGTSI Cover 75% of the amount outstanding or 75% of the amount or Rs.18.75 lakh, whichever is the unsecured least Realisable value of Security Rs.1.50 lakh Balance outstanding Rs.10.00 lakh Less Realisable value of security Rs. 1.50 lakh Unsecured amount Rs. 8.50 lakh CGTSI cover (75%) Less Rs. 6.38 lakh Net unsecured uncovered portion: and

Rs. lakh

2.12 Provision Required31, 2005) on March (as

Secured portion Unsecured & uncovered portion (100%) Total provision required Rs. lakh

Rs.1.50 lakh 60%) Rs.2.12 lakh 3.02

Rs. 0.90 lakh (@

Rs. 2.12 lakh

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Example II Asset classification status Doubtful More than 3 years (as on March 31, 2005) CGTSI Cover 75% of the amount outstanding or 75% of the unsecured amount or Rs.18.75 lakh, whichever is the least

Realisable value of Security Rs.10.00 lakh Balance outstanding Rs.40.00 lakh Realisable value Less of security Rs. 10.00 lakh

Unsecured amount Rs. 30.00 lakh CGTSI cover (75%) Less Rs. 18.75 lakh Net unsecured Rs. 11.25 lakh and uncovered portion:

Provision Required (as on March 31, 2005)

Secured portion Rs.10.00 lakh Rs. 10.00 lakh (@ 100%) Unsecured & uncovered Rs.11.25 lakh portion Rs.11.25 lakh (100%) Total provision Rs. 21.25 required lakh

5.9.6 finance

Takeout

The lending institution should make provisions against a 'takeout finance' turning into NPA pending its takeover by the taking-over institution. As and when the asset is taken-over by the taking-over institution, the corresponding provisions could be reversed . 5.9.7 (RERFA) Reserve for Exchange Rate Fluctuations Account

When exchange rate movements of Indian rupee turn adverse, the outstanding amount of foreign currency denominated loans (where actual disbursement was made in Indian Rupee) which becomes overdue, goes up correspondingly, with its attendant implications of provisioning requirements. Such assets should not normally be revalued. In case such assets need to be revalued as per requirement of accounting practices or for any other requirement, the following procedure may be adopted : The loss on revaluation of assets has to be booked in the bank's Profit & Loss Account. Besides the provisioning requirement as per Asset Classification, treat the full amount of the Revaluation Gain relating banks should to 30 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

the corresponding assets, if any, on account of Foreign Fluctuation as provision against the particular Exchange assets. 5.9.8 risk Provisioning for country

Banks shall make provisions, with effect from the year ending 31 March 2003, on the net funded country exposures on a graded scale ranging from 0.25 to 100 percent according to the risk categories mentioned below. To begin with, banks shall make provisions as per the following schedule: Provisionin g Requiremen t (per cent)

Risk ECGC

category A1

Classificatio n

Insignificant 0.25 Low A2

0.25 Moderate B1 5 High B2 20 Very high 25 Restricted 100 Offcredit 100 C1 C2 D

Banks are required to make provision for country risk in respect of a country where its net funded exposure is one per cent or more of its total assets. The provision for country risk shall be in addition to the provisions required to be held according to the asset classification status of the asset. In the case of loss assets and doubtful assets, provision held, including provision held for country risk, may not exceed 100% of the outstanding. Banks may not make any provision for home country exposures i.e. exposure to India. The exposures of foreign branches of Indian banks to the host country should be included. Foreign banks shall compute the country exposures of their Indian branches and shall hold appropriate provisions in their Indian books. However, their exposures to India will be excluded. Banks may make a lower level of provisioning (say 25% of the requirement) in respect of short-term exposures (i.e. exposures with contractual maturity of less than 180 days).

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5.9.9 NPAs

Excess Provisions on sale of Standard Asset /

(a) If the sale is in respect of Standard Asset and the sale consideration is higher than the book value, the excess provisions may be credited to Profit and Loss Account. (b) Excess provisions which arise on sale of NPAs can be admitted as Tier II capital subject to the overall ceiling of 1.25% of total Risk Weighted Assets. Accordingly, these excess provisions that arise on sale of NPAs would be eligible for Tier II status in terms of paragraph 4.3.2 of Master Circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.73/21.06.001/2009-10 dated February 8, 2010 on Prudential guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline New Capital Adequacy Framework (NCAF) and paragraph 2.1.1.2.C of Master Circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.6/21.01.002/2009-10 dated July 1, 2009 on Prudential Norms on Capital adequacy - Basel I Framework. 5.9.10 Value Provisions for Diminution of Fair

Provisions for diminution of fair value of restructured advances, both in respect of Standard Assets as well as NPAs, made on account of reduction in rate of interest and / or reschedulement of principal amount are permitted to be netted from the relative asset. 5.9.11 Provisioning norms Securitisation transactions for Liquidity facility provided for

The amount of liquidity facility drawn and outstanding for more than 90 days, in respect of securitisation transactions undertaken in terms of our guidelines on securitisation dated February 1, 2006, should be fully provided for. 5.9.12 Provisioning exposures requirements for derivative

Credit exposures computed as per the current marked to market value of the contract, arising on account of the interest rate & foreign exchange derivative transactions, and gold, shall also attract provisioning requirement as applicable to the loan assets in the 'standard' category, of the concerned counterparties. All conditions applicable for treatment of the provisions for standard assets would also apply to the aforesaid provisions for derivative and gold exposures. 32 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

5.10

Provisioning Ratio

Coverage

i At present, the provisioning requirements for NPAs range between 10 per cent and 100 per cent of the outstanding amount, depending on the age of the NPAs and the security available. Banks can also make additional specific provisions subject to a consistent policy based on riskiness of their credit portfolios, because the rates of provisioning stipulated for NPAs are the regulatory minimum. It has been observed that there is a wide heterogeneity and variance in the level of provisioning coverage ratio across different banks. ii Currently there is a realisation from a macro-prudential perspective that banks should build up provisioning and capital buffers in good times i.e. when the profits are good, which can be used for absorbing losses in a downturn. With this in view, there is a need for improving the provisioning cover as the banking system is currently making good profits. This will enhance the soundness of individual banks, as also the stability of the financial sector. It has therefore been decided that banks should augment their provisioning cushions consisting of specific provisions against NPAs as well as floating provisions, and ensure that their total provisioning coverage ratio, including floating provisions, is not less than 70 per cent. iii Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) is essentially the ratio of provisioning to gross non-performing assets and indicates the extent of funds a bank has kept aside to cover loan losses. Banks are advised to compute the PCR as per the format given in Annex 3.

iv Banks should achieve this norm not later than end-September 2010. Also, the PCR should be disclosed in the Notes to Accounts to the Balance Sheet.

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6. Guidelines on sale of financial assets to Securitisation Company (SC)/ Reconstruction Company (RC) (created under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002) and related issues 6.1 Scope

These guidelines would be applicable to sale of financial assets enumerated in paragraph 6.3 below, by banks/ FIs, for asset reconstruction/ securitisation under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002. 6.2 Structure

The guidelines to be followed by banks/ FIs while selling their financial assets to SC/RC under the Act ibid and investing in bonds/ debentures/ security receipts offered by the SC/RC are given below. The prudential guidelines have been grouped under the following headings: i) Financial assets which can be sold. ii) Procedure for sale of banks/ FIs financial assets to SC/ RC, including valuation and pricing aspects. iii) Prudential norms, in the following areas, for banks/ FIs for sale of their financial assets to SC/ RC and for investing in bonds/ debentures/ security receipts and any other securities offered by the SC/RC as compensation consequent upon sale of financial assets: a) Provisioning norms b) Capital norms c) norms / Valuation

adequacy

Exposure Disclosure Financial assets which can be sold

iv) requirements 6.3

A financial asset may be sold to the SC/RC by any bank/ FI where the asset is: i) A NPA, including a non-performing bond/ debenture, and ii) A Standard Asset where: (a) the asset arrangements, is under consortium/ multiple banking

(b) at least 75% by value of the asset is classified as nonperforming asset in the books of other banks/FIs, and 34 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

(c) at least 75% (by value) of the banks / FIs who are under the consortium / multiple banking arrangements agree to the sale of the asset to SC/RC. 6.4. Procedure for sale of banks/ FIs financial assets to SC/ RC, including valuation and pricing aspects (a) The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) allows acquisition of financial assets by SC/RC from any bank/ FI on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon between them. This provides for sale of the financial assets on without recourse basis, i.e., with the entire credit risk associated with the financial assets being transferred to SC/ RC, as well as on with recourse basis, i.e., subject to unrealized part of the asset reverting to the seller bank/ FI. Banks/ FIs are, however, directed to ensure that the effect of the sale of the financial assets should be such that the asset is taken off the books of the bank/ FI and after the sale there should not be any known liability devolving on the banks/ FIs. (b) Banks/ FIs, which propose to sell to SC/RC their financial assets should ensure that the sale is conducted in a prudent manner in accordance with a policy approved by the Board. The Board shall lay down policies and guidelines covering, inter , alia i. Financial assets to be sold; ii. Norms and procedure for sale of such financial assets; iii. Valuation procedure to be followed to ensure that the realisable value of financial assets is reasonably estimated; iv. Delegation of powers of various functionaries for taking decision on the sale of the financial assets; etc. (c) Banks/ FIs should ensure that subsequent to sale of the financial assets to SC/RC, they do not assume any operational, legal or any other type of risks relating to the financial assets sold. (d) (i) Each bank / FI will make its own assessment of the value offered by SC / RC for the financial asset and decide whether to accept the or reject the offer. (ii) In the case of consortium / multiple banking arrangements, if 75% (by value) of the banks / FIs decide to accept the offer, the remaining banks / FIs will be obligated to accept the offer.

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(iii) Under no circumstances can a transfer to the SC/ RC be made at c aontingent price whereby in the event of shortfall in the realization by SC/RC, the banks/ FIs would have to bear a part of the the shortfall. (e) Banks/ FIs may receive cash or bonds or debentures as sale consideration for the financial assets sold to SC/RC. (f) Bonds/ debentures received by banks/ FIs as sale consideration towards sale of financial assets to SC/RC will be classified as investments in the books of banks/ FIs. (g) Banks may also invest in security receipts, Pass-through certificates (PTC), or other bonds/ debentures issued by SC/RC. These securities will also be classified as investments in the books of banks/ FIs. (h) In cases of specific financial assets, where it is considered necessary, banks/ FIs may enter into agreement with SC/RC to share, in an agreed proportion, any surplus realised by SC/RC on the eventual realisation of the concerned asset. In such cases the terms of sale should provide for a report from the SC/RC to the bank/ FI on the value realised from the asset. No credit for the expected profit will be taken by banks/ FIs until the profit materializes on actual sale. 6.5. Prudential transactions (A) norms norms for banks/ FIs for the sale valuation

Provisioning/

(a) (i) When a bank / FI sells its financial assets to SC/ RC, on transfer the same will be removed from its books. (ii) If the sale to SC/ RC is at a price below the net book value (NBV) book value less provisions held), the shortfall should be (i.e., debited to the profit and loss account of that year. (iii) If the sale is for a value higher than the NBV, the excess provision reversed but will be utilized to meet the shortfall/ loss will not be on account of sale of other financial assets to SC/RC. (iv) When banks/ FIs invest in the security receipts/ passthrough certificates issued by SC/RC in respect of the financial assets sold by them to the SC/RC, the sale shall be recognised in books of the banks / FIs at the lower of: the redemption value of the security receipts/ passthrough certificates, and the NBV asset. of the financial

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The above investment should be carried in the books of the bank / at FI the price as determined above until its sale or realization, and on such sale or realization, the loss or gain must be dealt with in the same manner as at (ii) and (iii) above. (b) The securities (bonds and debentures) offered by SC / RC should satisfy the following conditions: (i) The securities must not have a term in excess of six years. (ii) The securities must carry a rate of interest which is not lower than above the Bank Rate in force at the time of 1.5% issue. (iii) The securities must be secured by an appropriate charge on the assets transferred. (iv) The securities must provide for part or full prepayment in the event the SC / RC sells the asset securing the security before the maturity of date the security. (v). The commitment of the SC / RC to redeem the securities must be unconditional and not linked to the realization of the assets. (vi) Whenever the security is transferred to any other party, notice of transfer should be issued to the SC/ RC. (c) Investment in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/ Passthrough certificates issued by SC/ RC All instruments received by banks/FIs from SC/RC as sale consideration for financial assets sold to them and also other instruments issued by SC/ RC in which banks/ FIs invest will be in the nature of non SLR securities. Accordingly, the valuation, classification and other norms applicable to investment in non-SLR instruments prescribed by RBI from time to time would be applicable to banks/ FIs investment in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/PTCs issued by SC/ RC. However, if any of the above instruments issued by SC/RC is limited to the actual realisation of the financial assets assigned to the instruments in the concerned scheme the bank/ FI shall reckon the Net Asset Value (NAV), obtained from SC/RC from time to time, for valuation of such investments. (B) Norms Exposure

Banks/ FIs investments in debentures/ bonds/ security receipts/PTCs issued by a SC/RC will constitute exposure on the SC/RC. As only a few SC/RC are being set up now, banks/ FIs exposure on SC/RC through their investments in debentures/ bonds/security receipts/PTCs issued by the SC/ RC may go beyond their prudential exposure ceiling. In view of the extra ordinary nature of event, banks/ FIs will be allowed, in the initial years, to exceed prudential exposure ceiling on a case-tocase basis. 37 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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6.6. Disclosure Requirements Banks/ FIs, which sell their financial assets to an SC/ RC, shall be required to make the following disclosures in the Notes on Accounts to their Balance sheets: Details of financial assets sold during the year to SC/RC for Asset Reconstruction a. No. accounts of

b. Aggregate value (net of provisions) of accounts sold to SC / RC c. consideration Aggregate

d. Additional consideration realized in respect of accounts transferred in earlier years e. Aggregate gain / loss over net book value. 6.7. Issues (a) and Related SC/ RC will also take over financial assets which cannot be revived which, therefore, will have to be disposed of on a realisation basis. Normally RC will not take over these assets but act as an agent for the SC/ recovery it will charge a for which fee.

(b) Where the assets fall in the above category, the assets will not be removed books of the bank/ FI but realisations as and when received will from the be credited to the asset account. Provisioning for the asset will continue to be made by the bank / FI in the normal course.

7. Guidelines on purchase/ sale of Non - Performing Financial Assets In order to increase the options available to banks for resolving their non performing assets and to develop a healthy secondary market for nonperforming assets, where securitisation companies and reconstruction companies are not involved, guidelines have been issued to banks on purchase / sale of NonPerforming Assets. Since the sale/purchase of nonperforming financial assets under this option would be conducted within the financial system the whole process of resolving the non performing assets and matters related thereto has to be initiated with due diligence and care warranting the existence of a set of clear guidelines which shall be complied with by all entities so that the process of resolving nonperforming assets by sale and purchase of NPAs proceeds on smooth and sound lines. Accordingly guidelines on sale/purchase of nonperforming assets have been formulated and furnished below. The guidelines may be placed before the bank's /FI's /NBFC's Board and appropriate steps may be taken for their implementation.

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Scope 7.1 These guidelines would be applicable to banks, FIs and NBFCs purchasing/ selling non performing financial assets, from/ to other banks/FIs/NBFCs (excluding securitisation companies/ reconstruction companies). 7.2 A financial asset, including assets under multiple/consortium banking arrangements, would be eligible for purchase/sale in terms of these guidelines if it is a nonperforming asset/non performing investment in the books of the selling bank. 7.3 The reference to bank in the guidelines on purchase/sale of nonperforming financial assets would include financial institutions and NBFCs. Structure 7.4 The guidelines to be followed by banks purchasing/ selling nonperforming financial assets from / to other banks are given below. The guidelines have been grouped under the following headings: i) Procedure for purchase/ sale of non performing financial assets by banks, including valuation and pricing aspects. ii) Prudential norms, in the following areas, for banks for purchase/ sale of non performing financial assets: a) norms Asset classification

b) Provisioning norms c) Accounting of recoveries d) Capital adequacy norms e) Exposure norms Disclosure

iii) requirements 7.5

Procedure for purchase/ sale of non performing financial assets, including valuation and pricing aspects i) A bank which is purchasing/ selling nonperforming financial assets should ensure that the purchase/ sale is conducted in accordance with a policy approved by the Board. The Board shall lay down policies and guidelines inter covering, alia a) Non performing financial assets that may be purchased/ sold; b) Norms and procedure for purchase/ sale of such financial assets; c) Valuation procedure to be followed to ensure that the economic value of financial assets is reasonably estimated based on the estimated cash flows arising out of repayments and recovery prospects; d) Delegation of powers of various functionaries for taking decision on 39 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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e) policy

the purchase/ sale of the financial assets; etc. Accounting

ii) While laying down the policy, the Board shall satisfy itself that the bank has adequate skills to purchase non performing financial assets and deal with them in an efficient manner which will result in value addition to the bank. The Board should also ensure that appropriate systems and procedures are in place to effectively address the risks that a purchasing bank would assume while engaging in this activity. iii) Banks should, while selling NPAs, work out the net present value of the estimated cash flows associated with the realisable value of the available securities net of the cost of realisation. The sale price should generally not be lower than the net present value arrived at in the manner described above. (Same principle should be used in compromise settlements. As the payment of the compromise amount may be in instalments, the net present value of the settlement amount should be calculated and this amount should generally not be less than the net present value of the realisable value of securities.) iv) The estimated cash flows are normally expected to be realised within a period of three years and at least 10% of the estimated cash flows should be realized in the first year and at least 5% in each half year thereafter, subject to full recovery within three years. v) A bank may purchase/sell nonperforming financial assets from/to other banks only on without recourse basis, i.e., the entire credit risk associated with the nonperforming financial assets should be transferred to the purchasing bank. Selling bank shall ensure that the effect of the sale of the financial assets should be such that the asset is taken off the books of the bank and after the sale there should not be any known liability devolving on the selling bank. vi) Banks should ensure that subsequent to sale of the non performing financial assets to other banks, they do not have any involvement with reference to assets sold and do not assume operational, legal or any other type of risks relating to the financial assets sold. Consequently, the specific financial asset should not enjoy the support of credit enhancements / liquidity facilities in any form or manner. vii) Each bank will make its own assessment of the value offered by the purchasing bank for the financial asset and decide whether to accept or reject the offer . 40 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

viii) Under no circumstances can a sale to other banks be made at a contingent price whereby in the event of shortfall in the realization by the purchasing banks, the selling banks would have to bear a part of the shortfall. ix) A nonperforming asset in the books of a bank shall be eligible for sale to other banks only if it has remained a nonperforming asset for at least two years in the books of the selling bank. x) Banks shall sell nonperforming financial assets to other banks only on cash basis. The entire sale consideration should be received upfront and the asset can be taken out of the books of the selling bank only on receipt of the entire sale consideration . xi) A nonperforming financial asset should be held by the purchasing bank in its books at least for a period of 15 months before it is sold to other banks. Banks should not sell such assets back to the bank, which had sold the NPFA. (xii) Banks are also permitted to sell/buy homogeneous pool within retail nonperforming financial assets, on a portfolio basis provided each of the nonperforming financial assets of the pool has remained as nonperforming financial asset for at least 2 years in the books of the selling bank. The pool of assets would be treated as a single asset in the books of the purchasing bank. xiii) The selling bank shall pursue the staff accountability aspects as per the existing instructions in respect of the nonperforming assets sold to other banks. 7.6. (A) norms Prudential norms transactions Asset classification for banks for the purchase/ sale

(i) The nonperforming financial asset purchased, may be classified as standard in the books of the purchasing bank for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. Thereafter, the asset classification status of the financial asset purchased, shall be determined by the record of recovery in the books of the purchasing bank with reference to cash flows estimated while purchasing the asset which should be in compliance with requirements in Para 7.5 (iv). (ii) The asset classification status of an existing exposure (other than purchased financial asset) to the same obligor in the books of the purchasing bank will continue to be governed by the record of recovery of that exposure and hence may be different . 41 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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(iii) Where the purchase/sale does not satisfy any of the prudential requirements prescribed in these guidelines the asset classification status of the financial asset in the books of the purchasing bank at the time of purchase shall be the same as in the books of the selling bank. Thereafter, the asset classification status will continue to be determined with reference to the date of NPA in the selling bank. (iv) Any restructure/reschedule/rephrase of the repayment schedule or the estimated cash flow of the nonperforming financial asset by the purchasing bank shall render the account as a nonperforming asset. (B) norms Books bank of Provisioning selling

i) When a bank sells its nonperforming financial assets to other banks, the same will be removed from its books on transfer. ii) If the sale is at a price below the net book value (NBV) (i.e., book value less provisions held), the shortfall should be debited to the profit and loss account of that year . iii) If the sale is for a value higher than the NBV, the excess provision shall not be reversed but will be utilised to meet the shortfall/ loss on account of sale of other nonperforming financial assets. Books bank of purchasing requirement appropriate to its asset

The asset shall attract provisioning classification status in the books of the purchasing bank. (C) recoveries Accounting of

Any recovery in respect of a nonperforming asset purchased from other banks should first be adjusted against its acquisition cost. Recoveries in excess of the acquisition cost can be recognised as profit. (D) Capital Adequacy For the purpose of capital adequacy, banks should assign 100% risk weights to the nonperforming financial assets purchased from other banks. In case the nonperforming asset purchased is an investment, then it would attract capital charge for market risks also. For NBFCs the relevant instructions on capital adequacy would be 42 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

applicable . (E) Exposure Norms The purchasing bank will reckon exposure on the obligor of the specific financial asset. Hence these banks should ensure compliance with the prudential credit exposure ceilings (both single and group) after reckoning the exposures to the obligors arising on account of the purchase. For NBFCs the relevant instructions on exposure norms would be applicable. 7.7. Disclosure Requirements

Banks which purchase nonperforming financial assets from other banks shall be required to make the following disclosures in the Notes on Accounts to their Balance sheets: A. purchased: Details of nonperforming financial assets (Amounts crore) in Rupees

1. (a) No. of accounts purchased during the year (b) Aggregate outstanding 2. (a) year

Of these, number of accounts restructured during the (b) outstanding Aggregate

B. sold:

Details of nonperforming financial assets (Amounts crore) in Rupees

1. No. of accounts sold 2. Aggregate outstanding 3. Aggregate consideration received

C. The purchasing bank shall furnish all relevant reports to RBI, CIBIL etc. in respect of the nonperforming financial assets purchased by it. 8. Writing off of NPAs 8.1 In terms of Section 43(D) of the Income Tax Act 1961, income by way of interest in relation to such categories of bad and doubtful debts as may be prescribed having regard to the guidelines issued by the RBI in relation to such debts, shall be chargeable to tax in the previous year in which it is credited to the banks profit and loss account or received, whichever is earlier. 8.2 This stipulation is not applicable to provisioning required to be made as indicated above. In other words, amounts set aside for making provision for NPAs as above are not 43 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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eligible deductions.

for

tax

8.3 Therefore, the banks should either make full provision as per the guidelines or writeoff such advances and claim such tax benefits as are applicable, by evolving appropriate methodology in consultation with their auditors/tax consultants. Recoveries made in such accounts should be offered for tax purposes as per the rules.

8.4

Write-off Level

at

Head

Office

Banks may write-off advances at Head Office level, even though the relative advances are still outstanding in the branch books. However, it is necessary that provision is made as per the classification accorded to the respective accounts. In other words, if an advance is a loss asset, 100 percent provision will have to be made therefor.

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PART B

Prudential Guidelines on Restructuring of Advances by Banks

9.

Backgroun d

9.1 The guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India on restructuring of advances (other than those restructured under a separate set of guidelines issued by the Rural Planning and Credit Department (RPCD) of the RBI on restructuring of advances on account of natural calamities) are divided into the following four categories : (i) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to industrial units. (ii) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to industrial units under the Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) Mechanism (iii) Guidelines on restructuring of advances extended to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) (iv) Guidelines advances. on restructuring of all other

In these four sets of guidelines on restructuring of advances, the differentiation has been broadly made based on whether a borrower is engaged in an industrial activity or a nonindustrial activity. In addition an elaborate institutional mechanism has been laid down for accounts restructured under CDR Mechanism. The major difference in the prudential regulations lies in the stipulation that subject to certain conditions, the accounts of borrowers engaged in industrial activities (under CDR Mechanism, SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and outside these mechanisms) continue to be classified in the existing asset classification category upon restructuring. This benefit of retention of asset classification on restructuring is not available to the accounts of borrowers engaged in nonindustrial activities except to SME borrowers. Another difference is that the prudential regulations covering the CDR Mechanism and restructuring of advances extended to SMEs are more detailed and comprehensive than that covering the restructuring of the rest of the advances including the advances extended to the industrial units, outside CDR Mechanism. Further, the CDR Mechanism is available only to the borrowers engaged in industrial activities. 9.2 Since the principles underlying the restructuring of all advances were identical, the prudential regulations needed to be aligned in all cases. Accordingly, the prudential norms across all categories of debt restructuring mechanisms, other than those restructured on account of natural calamities which will continue to be covered by the extant guidelines issued by the RPCD were harmonised in August 2008. These prudential norms applicable to all restructurings including those under CDR Mechanism are laid down in para 11. The 45 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

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details of the institutional / organizational framework for CDR Mechanism and SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism are given in Annex4. It may be noted that while the general principles laid down in para 11 inter-alia stipulate that 'standard' advances should be re-classified as 'sub-standard' immediately on restructuring, all borrowers, with the exception of the borrowal categories specified in para 14.1 below ( i.e consumer and personal advances, advances classified as capital market and real estate exposures), will be entitled to retain the asset classification upon restructuring, subject to the conditions enumerated in para 14.2. 9.3 The CDR Mechanism (Annex 4) will also be available to the corporates engaged in non-industrial activities, if they are otherwise eligible for restructuring as per the criteria laid down for this purpose. Further, banks are also encouraged to strengthen the coordination among themselves in the matter of restructuring of consortium / multiple banking accounts, which are not covered under the CDR Mechanism. 10. Key Concepts

Key concepts used in these guidelines are defined in Annex5. 11. General Principles Advances and Prudential Norms for Restructured

The principles and prudential norms laid down in this paragraph are applicable to all advances including the borrowers, who are eligible for special regulatory treatment for asset classification as specified in para 14. In these cases, the provisions of paras 11.1.2, 11.2.1 and 11.2.2 would stand modified by the provisions in para 14. 11.1 Eligibility advances criteria for restructuring of

11.1.1 Banks may restructure the accounts classified under 'standard', 'substandard' and 'doubtful' categories. 11.1.2 Banks can not reschedule / restructure / renegotiate borrowal accounts with retrospective effect. While a restructuring proposal is under consideration, the usual asset classification norms would continue to apply. The process of reclassification of an asset should not stop merely because restructuring proposal is under consideration. The asset classification status as on the date of approval of the restructured package by the competent authority would be relevant to decide the asset classification status of the account after restructuring / rescheduling / renegotiation. In case there is undue delay in sanctioning a restructuring package 46 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

and in the meantime the asset classification status of the account undergoes deterioration, it would be a matter of supervisory concern. 11.1.3 Normally, restructuring can not take place unless alteration / changes in the original loan agreement are made with the formal consent / application of the debtor. However, the process of restructuring can be initiated by the bank in deserving cases subject to customer agreeing to the terms and conditions. 11.1.4 No account will be taken up for restructuring by the banks unless the financial viability is established and there is a reasonable certainty of repayment from the borrower, as per the terms of restructuring package. The viability should be determined by the banks based on the acceptable viability benchmarks determined by them, which may be applied on a case-by-case basis, depending on merits of each case. Illustratively, the parameters may include the Return on Capital Employed, Debt Service Coverage Ratio, Gap between the Internal Rate of Return and Cost of Funds and the amount of provision required in lieu of the diminution in the fair value of the restructured advance. The accounts not considered viable should not be restructured and banks should accelerate the recovery measures in respect of such accounts. Any restructuring done without looking into cash flows of the borrower and assessing the viability of the projects / activity financed by banks would be treated as an attempt at ever greening a weak credit facility and would invite supervisory concerns / action. 11.1.5 While the borrowers indulging in frauds and malfeasance will continue to remain ineligible for restructuring, banks may review the reasons for classification of the borrowers as wilful defaulters specially in old cases where the manner of classification of a borrower as a wilful defaulter was not transparent and satisfy itself that the borrower is in a position to rectify the wilful default. The restructuring of such cases may be done with Board's approval, while for such accounts the restructuring under the CDR Mechanism may be carried out with the approval of the Core Group only. 11.1.6 BIFR cases are not eligible for restructuring without their express approval. CDR Core Group in the case of advances restructured under CDR Mechanism / the lead bank in the case of SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and the individual banks in other cases, may consider the proposals for restructuring in such cases, after ensuring that all the formalities in seeking the approval from BIFR are completed before implementing the package.

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11.2

Asset norms

classification

Restructuring of advances could take place in the following stages : (a) before operation; commencement of commercial production /

(b) after commencement of commercial production / operation but before the asset has been classified as 'substandard'; (c) after commencement of commercial production / operation and the asset has been classified as 'sub-standard' or 'doubtful'. 11.2.1 The accounts classified as 'standard assets' should be immediately reclassified as 'sub-standard assets' upon restructuring. 11.2.2 The non-performing assets, upon restructuring, would continue to have the same asset classification as prior to restructuring and slip into further lower asset classification categories as per extant asset classification norms with reference to the pre-restructuring repayment schedule. 11.2.3 All restructured accounts which have been classified as nonperforming assets upon restructuring, would be eligible for up-gradation to the 'standard' category after observation of 'satisfactory performance' during the 'specified period' (Annex-5). 11.2.4 In case, however, satisfactory performance after the specified period is not evidenced, the asset classification of the restructured account would be governed as per the applicable prudential norms with reference to the prerestructuring payment schedule. 11.2.5 Any additional finance may be treated as 'standard asset', up to a period of one year after the first interest / principal payment, whichever is earlier, falls due under the approved restructuring package. However, in the case of accounts where the prerestructuring facilities were classified as 'sub-standard' and 'doubtful', interest income on the additional finance should be recognised only on cash basis. If the restructured asset does not qualify for upgradation at the end of the above specified one year period, the additional finance shall be placed in the same asset classification category as the restructured debt. 11.2.6 In case a restructured asset, which is a standard asset on restructuring, is subjected to restructuring on a subsequent occasion, it should be classified as substandard. If the restructured asset is a sub-standard or a doubtful asset and is 48 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

subjected to restructuring, on a subsequent occasion, its asset classification will be reckoned from the date when it became NPA on the first occasion. However, such advances restructured on second or more occasion may be allowed to be upgraded to standard category after one year from the date of first payment of interest or repayment of principal whichever falls due earlier in terms of the current restructuring package subject to satisfactory performance. 11.3 Income norms recognition

Subject to provisions of paragraphs 11.2.5, 12.2 and 13.2, interest income in respect of restructured accounts classified as 'standard assets' will be recognized on accrual basis and that in respect of the accounts classified as 'non-performing assets' will be recognized on cash basis. 11.4 11.4.1 Provisioning norms Normal provisions

Banks will hold provision against the restructured advances as per the existing provisioning norms. 11.4.2 Provision for diminution in the fair value of restructured advances (i) Reduction in the rate of interest and / or reschedulement of the repayment of principal amount, as part of the restructuring, will result in diminution in the fair value of the advance. Such diminution in value is an economic loss for the bank and will have impact on the bank's market value of equity. It is, therefore, necessary for banks to measure such diminution in the fair value of the advance and make provisions for it by debit to Profit & Loss Account. Such provision should be held in addition to the provisions as per existing provisioning norms as indicated in para 11.4.1 above, and in an account distinct from that for normal provisions. For this purpose, the erosion in the fair value of the advance should be computed as the difference between the fair value of the loan before and after restructuring. Fair value of the loan before restructuring will be computed as the present value of cash flows representing the interest at the existing rate charged on the advance before restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate equal to the bank's BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower 49 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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category on the date of restructuring. Fair value of the loan after restructuring will be computed as the present value of cash flows representing the interest at the rate charged on the advance on restructuring and the principal, discounted at a rate equal to the bank's BPLR as on the date of restructuring plus the appropriate term premium and credit risk premium for the borrower category on the date of restructuring. The above formula moderates the swing in the diminution of present value of loans with the interest rate cycle and will have to follow consistently by banks in future. Further, it is reiterated that the provisions required as above arise due to the action of the banks resulting in change in contractual terms of the loan upon restructuring which are in the nature of financial concessions. These provisions are distinct from the provisions which are linked to the asset classification of the account classified as NPA and reflect the impairment due to deterioration in the credit quality of the loan. Thus, the two types of the provisions are not substitute for each other. (ii) In the case of working capital facilities, the diminution in the fair value of the cash credit / overdraft component may be computed as indicated in para (i) above, reckoning the higher of the outstanding amount or the limit sanctioned as the principal amount and taking the tenor of the advance as one year. The term premium in the discount factor would be as applicable for one year. The fair value of the term loan components (Working Capital Term Loan and Funded Interest Term Loan) would be computed as per actual cash flows and taking the term premium in the discount factor as applicable for the maturity of the respective term loan components. (iii) In the event any security is taken in lieu of the diminution in the fair value of the advance, it should be valued at Re.1/- till maturity of the security. This will ensure that the effect of charging off the economic sacrifice to the Profit & Loss account is not negated. (iv) The diminution in the fair value may be re-computed on each balance sheet date till satisfactory completion of all repayment obligations and full repayment of the outstanding in the account, so as to capture the changes in the fair value on account of changes in BPLR, term premium and the credit category of the borrower. Consequently, banks may provide for the shortfall in provision or reverse the amount of excess provision held in the distinct account. 50 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

(v) If due to lack of expertise / appropriate infrastructure, a bank finds it difficult to ensure computation of diminution in the fair value of advances extended by small / rural branches, as an alternative to the methodology prescribed above for computing the amount of diminution in the fair value, banks will have the option of notionally computing the amount of diminution in the fair value and providing therefor, at five percent of the total exposure, in respect of all restructured accounts where the total dues to bank(s) are less than rupees one crore till the financial year ending March 2011. The position would be reviewed thereafter. 11.4.3 The total provisions required against an account ( normal provisions plus provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of the advance) are capped at 100% of the outstanding debt amount. 12. 12.1 Prudential Norms for Conversion of Principal into Debt / Equity Asset norms classification

A part of the outstanding principal amount can be converted into debt or equity instruments as part of restructuring. The debt / equity instruments so created will be classified in the same asset classification category in which the restructured advance has been classified. Further movement in the asset classification of these instruments would also be determined based on the subsequent asset classification of the restructured advance. 12.2 12.2.1 Income norms recognition Standard Accounts

In the case of restructured accounts classified as 'standard', the income, if any, generated by these instruments may be recognised on accrual basis. 12.2.2 NonAccounts Performing

In the case of restructured accounts classified as non-performing assets, the income, if any, generated by these instruments may be recognised only on cash basis. 12.3 Valuation norms and provisioning

These instruments should be held under AFS and valued as per usual valuation norms. Equity classified as standard asset should be valued either at market value, if quoted, or at 51 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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break-up value, if not quoted (without considering the revaluation reserve, if any,)which is to be ascertained from the company's latest balance sheet. In case the latest balance sheet is not available the shares are to be valued at Rs 1. Equity instrument classified as NPA should be valued at market value, if quoted, and in case where equity is not quoted,it should be valued at Rs. 1. Depreciation on these instruments should not be offset against the appreciation in any other securities held under the AFS category. 13. Prudential Norms for Conversion of Unpaid Interest into 'Funded Interest Term Loan' (FITL), Debt or Equity Instruments 13.1 Asset norms classification

The FITL / debt or equity instrument created by conversion of unpaid interest will be classified in the same asset classification category in which the restructured advance has been classified. Further movement in the asset classification of FITL / debt or equity instruments would also be determined based on the subsequent asset classification of the restructured advance. 13.2 Income norms recognition

13.2.1 The income, if any, generated by these instruments may be recognised on accrual basis, if these instruments are classified as 'standard', and on cash basis in the cases where these have been classified as a non-performing asset. 13.2.2 The unrealised income represented by FITL / Debt or equity instrument should have a corresponding credit in an account styled as "Sundry Liabilities Account (Interest Capitalization)". 13.2.3 In the case of conversion of unrealised interest income into equity, which is quoted, interest income can be recognized after the account is upgraded to standard category at market value of equity, on the date of such up gradation, not exceeding the amount of interest converted into equity. 13.2.4 Only on repayment in case of FITL or sale / redemption proceeds of the debt / equity instruments, the amount received will be recognized in the P&L Account, while simultaneously reducing the balance in the "Sundry Liabilities Account (Interest Capitalisation)".

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13.3

Valuation norms

&

Provisioning

Valuation and provisioning norms would be as per para 12.3 above. The depreciation, if any, on valuation may be charged to the Sundry Liabilities (Interest Capitalisation) Account. 14. Special Regulatory Classification Treatment for Asset

14.1 The special regulatory treatment for asset classification, in modification to the provisions in this regard stipulated in para 11, will be available to the borrowers engaged in important business activities, subject to compliance with certain conditions as enumerated in para 14.2 below. Such treatment is not extended to the following categories of advances: i. Consumer advances; ii. Advances exposures; iii. Advances exposures and classified classified personal as as Capital market real estate

commercial

The asset classification of these three categories accounts as well as that of other accounts which do not comply with the conditions enumerated in para 14.2, will be governed by the prudential norms in this regard described in para 11 above. 14.2 Elements framework of special regulatory

The special regulatory treatment has the following two components : (i) Incentive for quick implementation of the restructuring package. (ii) Retention of the asset classification of the restructured account in the pre-restructuring asset classification category 14.2.1 Incentive package for quick implementation of the restructuring

As stated in para 11.1.2, during the pendency of the application for restructuring of the advance with the bank, the usual asset classification norms would continue to apply. The process of reclassification of an asset should not stop merely because the application is under consideration. However, as an incentive for quick implementation of the package, if the approved package is implemented by the bank as per the following time schedule, the asset classification status may be restored to the position which existed when the reference was made to the CDR Cell in respect of cases covered under the CDR Mechanism or when the restructuring application was received by the bank in non-CDR cases: 53 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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(i) Within 120 days from the date of approval under the CDR Mechanism. (ii) Within 90 days from the date of receipt of application by the bank in cases other than those restructured under the CDR Mechanism. 14.2.2 Asset benefits classification

Subject to the compliance with the undernoted conditions in addition to the adherence to the prudential framework laid down in para 11: (i) In modification to para 11.2.1, an existing 'standard asset' will not be downgraded to the sub-standard category upon restructuring. (ii) In modification to para 11.2.2, during the specified period, the asset classification of the sub-standard / doubtful accounts will not deteriorate upon restructuring, if satisfactory performance is demonstrated during the specified period. However, these benefits will be available subject to compliance with the following conditions: i) The dues to the bank are 'fully secured' as defined in Annex 5. The condition of being fully secured by tangible security will not be applicable in the following cases: (a) SSI borrowers, where the outstanding is up to Rs.25 lakh. (b) Infrastructure projects, provided the cash flows generated from these projects are adequate for repayment of the advance, the financing bank(s) have in place an appropriate mechanism to escrow the cash flows, and also have a clear and legal first claim on these cash flows. ii) The unit becomes viable in 10 years, if it is engaged in infrastructure activities, and in 7 years in the case of other units. iii) The repayment period of the restructured advance including the moratorium, if any, does not exceed 15 years in the case of infrastructure advances and 10 years in the case of other advances. The aforesaid ceiling of 10 years would not be applicable for restructured home loans; in these cases 54 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

the Board of Director of the banks should prescribe the maximum period for restructured advance keeping in view the safety and soundness of the advances. Lending to individuals meant for acquiring residential property which are fully secured by mortgages on residential property that is or will be occupied by the borrower or that is rented are risk weighted as under the new capital adequacy framework, provided the LTV is not more than 75% , based on board approved valuation policy. However, the restructured housing loans should be risk weighted with an additional risk weight of 25 percentage points to the risk weight prescribed already. iv) Promoters' sacrifice and additional funds brought by them should be a minimum of 15% of banks' The term 'bank's sacrifice' means sacrifice. the amount of "erosion in the fair value of the advance", to be computed as per the methodology enumerated in para 11.4.2 (i) above. Further, the additional funds required to be brought in by the promoter should be brought up front and not be phased over a period of time. v) Personal guarantee is offered by the promoter except when the unit is affected by external factors pertaining to the economy and industry. vi) The restructuring under restructuring' as defined in para (v) of Annex 5. 15. Miscellaneou s consideration is not a 'repeated

15.1 The banks should decide on the issue regarding convertibility (into equity) option as a part of restructuring exercise whereby the banks / financial institutions shall have the right to convert a portion of the restructured amount into equity, keeping in view the statutory requirement under Section 19 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, (in the case of banks) and relevant SEBI regulations. 15.2 Acquisition of equity shares / convertible bonds / convertible debentures in companies by way of conversion of debt / overdue interest can be done without seeking prior approval from RBI, even if by such acquisition the prudential capital market exposure limit prescribed by the RBI is breached. However, this will be subject to reporting of such holdings to RBI, Department of Banking Supervision (DBS), every month along with the regular DSB Return on Asset Quality. Nonetheless, banks will have to comply with the provisions of Section 19(2) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

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15.3 Acquisition of non-SLR securities by way of conversion of debt is exempted from the mandatory rating requirement and the prudential limit on investment in unlisted non-SLR securities, prescribed by the RBI, subject to periodical reporting to the RBI in the aforesaid DSB return. 15.4 Banks may consider incorporating in the approved restructuring packages creditor's rights to accelerate repayment and the borrower's right to pre-pay. The right of recompense should be based on certain performance criteria to be decided by the banks. 15.5 Since the spillover effects of the global downturn had also started affecting the Indian economy particularly from September 2008 onwards creating stress for the otherwise viable units / activities, certain modifications were made in the guidelines on restructuring as a onetime measure and for a limited period of time i.e. up to June 30, 2009. These relaxations have ceased to operate from July 1, 2009; however the same have been consolidated in Annex 8.

16.

Disclosure s

Banks should also disclose in their published annual Balance Sheets, under "Notes on Accounts", information relating to number and amount of advances restructured, and the amount of diminution in the fair value of the restructured advances in Annex-7. The information would be required for advances restructured under CDR Mechanism, SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism and other categories Banks must disclose the separately. total amount outstanding in all the accounts / facilities of borrowers whose accounts have been restructured along with the restructured part or facility. This means even if only one of the facilities / accounts of a borrower has been restructured, the bank should also disclose the entire outstanding amount pertaining to all the facilities / accounts of that particular borrower . 17. Illustration s

A few illustrations on the asset classification of restructured accounts are given in Annex7. 18.We re-iterate that the basic objective of restructuring is to preserve economic value of units, not evergreening of problem accounts. This can be achieved by banks and the borrowers only by careful assessment of the viability, quick detection of weaknesses in accounts and a time-bound implementation of restructuring packages.

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Part C

Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 - Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification, Provisioning, and Capital Adequacy 19. The Background The Hon'ble Finance Minister, Government of India, in his Budget Speech (paragraph 73) for 2008-09 has announced a debt waiver and debt relief scheme for farmers, for implementation by, inter alia, all scheduled commercial banks (SCBs), and Local Area Banks (LABs). The detailed scheme announced by the Government of India was communicated to the SCBs and LABs vide our circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008. The guidelines pertaining to Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning, and Capital Adequacy as applicable to the loans covered by the captioned scheme, are furnished below. 20. Prudential Norms for the Borrowal Accounts Covered under the Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 (ADWDRS) As advised vide the circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008, while the entire 'eligible amount' shall be waived in the case of a small or marginal farmer, in the case of 'other farmers', there will be a one time settlement scheme (OTS) under which the farmer will be given a rebate of 25 per cent of the 'eligible amount' subject to the condition that the farmer repays the balance of 75 per cent of the 'eligible amount'. 20.1 Norms for the Accounts subjected to Debt Waiver 20.1.1 As regards the small and marginal farmers eligible for debt waiver, the amount eligible for waiver, as defined in the Para 4 of the enclosure to the aforesaid circular, pending receipt from the Government of India, may be transferred by the banks to a separate account named "Amount receivable from Government of India under Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008". The balance in this account should be reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance sheet. 20.1.2 The balance in this account may be treated by the banks as a "performing" asset, provided adequate provision is made for the loss in Present Value (PV) terms, computed under the assumption that such payments would be received from Government of India in the following installments : a) 32% of the total amount due by September 30, 2008, 57 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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b) 19% by July 31, 2009, c) 39% by July 2010, and d) 2011. the remaining 10% by July

However, the provision required under the current norms for standard assets, need not be provided for in respect of the balance in this account. 20.1.3 The discount rate for arriving at the loss in PV terms as at para 20.1.2 above should be taken as 9.56 per cent, being the yield to maturity on 364day Government of India Treasury Bill, prevailing as on the date of the circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.26/21.04.048/2008-09 dated July 30, 2008. 20.1.4 The prudential provisions held in respect of the NPA accounts for which the debt waiver has been granted may be reckoned for meeting the provisions required on PV basis. 20.1.5 In case, however, the amount of prudential provision held is more than the amount of provision required on PV basis, such excess provision may be reversed in a phased manner. This phased reversal may be effected in the proportion of 32%, 19%, 39%, and 10% during the years ended March 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, only after the installments due from the Government, for the relative years, have been received. 20.1.6 On receipt of the final instalment from the Government, the provision made for loss in PV terms may be transferred to the General Reserves, below the line. 20.1.7 In case the claim of a farmer is specifically rejected at any stage, the asset classification of the account should be determined with reference to the original date of NPA (as if the account had not been treated as performing in the interregnum based on the transfer of the loan balance to the aforesaid account) and suitable provision should be made. The provision made on PV basis may also be reckoned against the NPA-provisions required, consequent upon the account being treated as NPA due to the rejection of the claim. 20.2. Norms for the Accounts subjected to the Debt Relief 20.2.1 Under the scheme, in the case of 'other' farmers, the farmer will be given a rebate of 25% of the "eligible amount", by the Government by credit to his account, 58 DBOD-MC on IRAC Norms2010

provided the farmer Scheme provides for payment the first two instalments farmer's share. The last dates 30, 2008; March 31, respectively. Asset Classification

pays the balance of 75% of the 'eligible amount'. The of share of 75% by such farmers in three instalments and shall be for an amount not less than one-third of the of payment of the three instalments will be September 2009 and June 30, 2009,

20.2.2 Where the farmers covered under the Debt Relief Scheme have given the undertaking, agreeing to pay their share under the OTS, their relevant accounts may be treated by banks as "standard" / "performing" provided : (a) adequate provision is made by the banks for the loss in PV terms for the receivables due from the borrowers as well as all the Government; and (b) of the dates such farmers pay their share of the settlement within one month due

However, no grace period is allowed for the last instalment and the entire share of the farmer is payable by June 30, 2009 (cf Para 21.2) Provisionin g 20.2.3 Provisioning for Standard Assets The accounts subject to debt relief would stand classified as standard assets after receipt of the aforesaid undertaking from the borrowers. Accordingly, such accounts would also attract the prudential provisioning as applicable to standard assets. 20.2.4 Provisioning on PV Basis For computing the amount of loss in PV terms under the Scheme, the cash flows receivable from the farmers, as per the repayment schedule vide para 20.2.1 above, as well as from the government should be discounted to the present value. It may be assumed in this context that the Government's contribution would be received by June 30, 2010. The discount rate to be applied for the purpose should be the interest rate at which the loan was granted including the element of interest subsidy, if any, available from the Government. 20.2.5 The prudential provisions held in respect of the NPA accounts, for which the debt relief has been granted, may be reckoned for meeting the provisions 59 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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required on PV basis as well as for the standard assets (pursuant to classification of these loans as standard) and shortfall, if any, may be provided for. Thus, the total provisions held would comprise the provisions required on PV basis, provision for standard assets and excess prudential provisions, if any, towards NPA. 20.2.6 Provisioning in case of down-gradation of accounts: As mentioned at para 20.2.2 (b) above, the accounts subject to Debt Relief Scheme would be classified as standard / performing assets only if the farmers pay their share of the settlement within one month of the pre-specified due dates. In case, however, the payments are delayed by the farmers beyond one month of the respective due dates, the outstanding amount in the relevant accounts of such farmers shall be treated as NPA. The asset classification of such accounts shall be determined with reference to the original date of NPA, (as if the account had not been treated as performing in the interregnum based on the aforesaid undertaking). On such down-gradation of the accounts, additional provisions as per the extant prudential norms should also be made. For meeting this additional provisioning requirement, the excess prudential provisions, if any, held; the amount of provisions held for standard assets (as per para 3.3 above) together with the provision made on PV basis, all in respect of such downgraded account, could be reckoned. Such additional prudential provisions too should be continued to be held and reversed only as per the stipulation at para 20.2.7 below. 20.2.7 Reversal of Excess Prudential Provisions In case the amount of the prudential NPA provisions held are larger than the aggregate of the provision required on PV basis and for the standard assets (pursuant to classification of these loans as standard), such excess prudential provision should not be reversed but be continued to be held till the earlier of the two events, viz., : (a) till the entire outstanding of the borrower stands repaid - at which the entire amount could be reversed to the P/L account; point, or (b) when the amount of such excess provision exceeds the amount outstanding on account of the repayments by the borrower - at which the amount of provision in excess of the outstanding point, amount be reversed to the P/L could account.

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20.2.8 Reversal of the Provisions made on PV Basis The provision made on PV basis represents a permanent loss to the bank on account of delayed receipt of cash flows and hence, should not be reversed to the P/L Account. The amount of such provision should, therefore, be carried till the account is finally settled and after receipt of the Government's contribution under the Scheme, the amount should be reversed to the General Reserves, below the line. 20.3 Grant of Fresh Loans to the Borrowers covered under the ADWDRS 20.3.1 A small or marginal farmer will become eligible for fresh agricultural loans upon the eligible amount being waived, in terms of para 7.2 of the enclosure to the circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008. The fresh loan may be treated as "performing asset", regardless of the asset classification of the loan subjected to the Debt Waiver, and its subsequent asset classification should be governed by the extant IRAC norms. 20.3.2 In case of "other farmers" eligible for fresh short-term production loans and investment loans, as provided for in Para 7.6 and 7.7, respectively, of the enclosure to the circular RPCD.No.PLFS.BC.72/05.04.02/2007-08 dated May 23, 2008, these fresh loans may be treated as "performing assets", regardless of the asset classification of the loan subjected to the Debt Relief, and its subsequent asset classification should be governed by the extant IRAC norms. 20.4 Capital Adequacy

The amount outstanding in the account styled as "Amount receivable from Government of India under Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008" shall be treated as a claim on the Government of India and would attract zero risk weight for the purpose of capital adequacy norms. However, the amount outstanding in the accounts covered by the Debt Relief Scheme shall be treated as a claim on the borrowers and risk weighted as per the extant norms. This treatment would apply under the Basel I as well as Basel II Frameworks. 21. Subsequent Norms Modifications to the Prudential

21.1

Interest payment by the GOI The Government of India has subsequently decided to pay interest on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instalments, payable by July 2009, July 2010, and July 2011 respectively, at the prevailing 61 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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Yield to Maturity Rate on 364-day Government of India Treasury Bills. The interest will be paid on these instalments from the date of the reimbursement of the first instalment (i.e. November 2008) till the date of the actual reimbursement of each instalment. In view of the above, in supersession of the instructions contained in paragraphs 20.1.2 to 20.1.7, 20.2.2 (a), and 20.2.4 to 20.2.8 above, it has been decided that the banks need not make any provisions for the loss in Present Value (PV) terms for moneys receivable only from the Government of India, for the accounts covered under the Debt Waiver Scheme and the Debt Relief Scheme. 21.2 Change in instalment schedule of other farmers under the Debt Relief Scheme In view of the recent drought in some States and the severe floods in some other parts of the country, the Government of India, as announced in the Union Budget 2010-11, has now decided to extend the last date of payment of 75% of overdue portion by the 'other farmer' under Debt Relief Scheme (under ADWDR) up to June 30, 2010. The eligible "other farmers" may be allowed to repay this amount in one or more instalments up to June 30, 2010. The banks will not charge any interest on the eligible amount for the period from February 29, 2008 to June 30, However, they may charge normal rate of interest 2009. on the eligible amount from July 01, 2009 up to the date of settlement. Further, no interest shall be paid by the Government of India to the lending institutions for this extension under the Scheme while reimbursing the 25% amount to the lending institutions as per the delayed reimbursement schedule The Government of India has also advised that the banks / lending institutions are allowed to receive even less than 75% of the eligible amount under OTS provided the banks / lending institutions bear the difference themselves and do not claim the same either from the Government or from the farmer. The Government will pay only 25% of the actual eligible amount under debt relief. 21.3 In case, however, the payments are delayed by the farmers beyond June 30, 2010, the outstanding amount in the relevant accounts of such farmers shall be treated as NPA. The asset classification of such accounts shall be determined with reference to the original date of NPA, (as if the account had not been treated as performing in the interregnum based on the aforesaid undertaking). On such down-gradation of the accounts, additional provisions as per the extant prudential norms should also be made.

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21.4 Please refer to the paragraph 20.1.1 which provides that in case of small and marginal farmers eligible for debt waiver, the amount eligible for waiver, pending receipt from the Government of India may be transferred by the banks to a separate account named "Amount receivable from Government of India under Agricultural Debt Waiver Scheme 2008", and the balance in this account should be reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance Sheet. It is now clarified that in case of 'other farmers' eligible for debt relief, after the 'other farmer' has paid his entire share of 75%, banks may open an account for Debt Relief Scheme, similar to the one opened for the receivables from GOI under the Debt Waiver Scheme, and bearing the nomenclature "Amount receivable from Government of India under Agricultural Debt Relief Scheme 2008". This amount may also be reflected in Schedule 9 (Advances) of the Balance Sheet.

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Part A

Annex 1 (Cf. para 3.5)

Details of Gross Advances, Gross NPAs, Net Advances and Net NPAs (Rs. in crores up to decimals) Amount two

1. Standard Advances 2. Gross NPAs * 3. Gross Advances ** ( 1+2 ) 4. Gross NPAs as a percentage of Gross Advances (2/3) (in %) 5. Deductions (i) Provisions held in the case of NPA Accounts as per asset classification (including additional Provisions for NPAs at higher than prescribed rates). (ii) DICGC / ECGC claims received and held adjustment pending (iii) Part payment received and kept in Suspense Account any or other similar account (iv) Balance in Sundries Account (Interest Capitalization Restructured Accounts), in respect of NPA Accounts (v) Floating Provisions*** (vi) Provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured accounts classified as NPAs (vii) Provisions in lieu of diminution in the fair value of restructured accounts classified as standard assets 6. Net Advances(35) 7. Net NPAs {2-5(i + ii + iii + iv + v + vi)} 8. Net NPAs as percentage of Net Advances (7/6) (in %) * Principal dues of NPAs plus Funded Interest Term Loan (FITL) where thecorresponding contra credit is parked in Sundries Account (Interest Restructured Capitalization - Accounts), in respect of NPA Accounts. ** For the purpose of this Statement, Gross Advances' mean all outstanding loans and advances including advances for which refinance has been received but rediscounted bills, and advances written off at Head Office level (Technical write excluding off). *** Floating Provisions would be deducted while calculating Net NPAs, to the extent, banks have exercised this option, over utilising it towards Tier II capital. Part B Supplementary Details (Rs. in crores decimals) up to two

Particular s

Particular s 1. Provisions on Standard Assets excluding 5(vi) in Part A above 2. Interest recorded as Memorandum Item 3. Amount of cumulative Technical Write - Off in respect of a NPAccounts reported in Part A above 64

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Annex - 2 (Cf. para 4.2.13) Relevant extract of the list of direct agricultural advances, from the Master Circular on lending to priority sector RPCD. No. Plan. BC. 2 /04.09.01/ 2009-10 dated July 1, 2009

DIRECT FINANCE 1.1 Finance to individual farmers [including Self Help Groups (SHGs) or Joint Liability (JLGs), i.e. groups of individual farmers, provided banks Groups maintain disaggregated data on such finance] for Agriculture 1.1.1 Short-term loans for raising crops, i.e. for crop loans. This will include traditional non-traditional / plantations and horticulture. 1.1.2 Advances up to Rs. 10 lakh against pledge/hypothecation of agricultural produce (including warehouse receipts) for a period not exceeding 12 months, irrespective of whether the farmers were given crop loans for raising the produce or not. 1.1.3 Working capital and investment requirements agriculture. term loans for for financing production and

1.1.4 Loans to small and marginal farmers for purchase of land for agricultural purposes . 1.1.5 Loans to distressed farmers indebted to non-institutional lenders, against appropriate collateral or group security. 1.1.6 Loans granted for pre-harvest and post-harvest activities such as spraying, weeding, harvesting, grading, sorting, processing and transporting undertaken by individuals, SHGs and cooperatives in rural areas. 1.2 Finance to others [such as corporates, partnership firms and institutions] for Agricultur e 1.2.1 Loans granted for pre-harvest and post harvest activities such as spraying, weeding, harvesting, grading, sorting and transporting. 1.2.2 Finance up to an aggregate amount of Rs. one crore per borrower for the purposes listed at 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and 1.2.1 above. 1.2.3 One-third of loans in excess of Rs. one crore in aggregate per borrower for agriculture .

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Annex 3 Format for Computing Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) Rs. Crores Specific Provisions held including provisions for Diminution in fair value of the restructured accounts classified as NPAs plus Technical / Prudential write-off * in

12 3 4 5 Gross NPA@ Plus Technical / Prudentia l Write-off * 1. Sub-Standard Advances 2. Doubtful Advances (a+b+c) a < 1 year b 1-3 Years c >3 years 3. Advances classified as Loss Assets 4. Total 5. Floating Provisions for Advances (only to the extent they are not used as Tier II Capital ) 6. DICGC / ECGC claims received and held pending adjustment 7. Part payment received and kept in Suspense Account or any other similar account 8. Total (Sum of column 4 of Row 4+ 5 + Row 6+ Row Row 7) 9. Provision Coverage Ratio {(8/Total of Column 3 of Row 4)*100}

Ratio of (4) to (3)

@ Gross NPAs to be computed in terms of the circular 10DBOD.BP.BC.46/21.04.048/2009dated September 24, 2009 * Technical or prudential write-off is the amount of non-performing loans which are outstanding in the books of the branches, but have been written-off (fully or partially) at Head Office level. Amount of Technical write-off should be certified by statutory auditors.

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Annex - 4

Organisational Framework for Restructuring of Advances Under Consortium / Multiple Banking / Syndication Arrangements

A.

Corporate Mechanism Objective

Debt

Restructuring

(CDR)

1.1

The objective of the Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) framework is to ensure timely and transparent mechanism for restructuring the corporate debts of viable entities facing problems, outside the purview of BIFR, DRT and other legal proceedings, for the benefit of all concerned. In particular, the framework will aim at preserving viable corporates that are affected by certain internal and external factors and minimize the losses to the creditors and other stakeholders through an orderly and coordinated restructuring programme. 1.2 Scope The CDR Mechanism has been designed to facilitate restructuring of advances of borrowers enjoying credit facilities from more than one bank / Financial Institution (FI) in a coordinated manner. The CDR Mechanism is an organizational framework institutionalized for speedy disposal of restructuring proposals of large borrowers availing finance from more than one banks / FIs. This mechanism will be available to all borrowers engaged in any type of activity subject to the following conditions : a) The borrowers enjoy credit facilities from more than one bank / FI under multiple banking / syndication / consortium system of lending. b) The total outstanding (fund-based and non-fund based) exposure Rs.10 crore or is above. CDR system in the country will have a three tier structure : CDR Standing Forum and its Core Group CDR Empowered Group CDR Cell

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2.

CDR Forum

Standing

2.1 The CDR Standing Forum would be the representative general body of all financial institutions and banks participating in CDR system. All financial institutions and banks should participate in the system in their own interest. CDR Standing Forum will be a selfempowered body, which will lay down policies and guidelines, and monitor the progress of corporate debt restructuring . 2.2 The Forum will also provide an official platform for both the creditors and borrowers (by consultation) to amicably and collectively evolve policies and guidelines for working out debt restructuring plans in the interests of all concerned. 2.3 The CDR Standing Forum shall comprise of Chairman & Managing Director, Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd; Chairman, State Bank of India; Managing Director & CEO, ICICI Bank Limited; Chairman, Indian Banks' Association as well as Chairmen and Managing Directors of all banks and financial institutions participating as permanent members in the system. Since institutions like Unit Trust of India, General Insurance Corporation, Life Insurance Corporation may have assumed exposures on certain borrowers, these institutions may participate in the CDR system. The Forum will elect its Chairman for a period of one year and the principle of rotation will be followed in the subsequent years. However, the Forum may decide to have a Working Chairman as a whole-time officer to guide and carry out the decisions of the CDR Standing Forum. The RBI would not be a member of the CDR Standing Forum and Core Group. Its role will be confined to providing broad guidelines. 2.4 The CDR Standing Forum shall meet at least once every six months and would review and monitor the progress of corporate debt restructuring system. The Forum would also lay down the policies and guidelines including those relating to the critical parameters for restructuring (for example, maximum period for a unit to become viable under a restructuring package, minimum level of promoters' sacrifice etc.) to be followed by the CDR Empowered Group and CDR Cell for debt restructuring and would ensure their smooth functioning and adherence to the prescribed time schedules for debt restructuring. It can also review any individual decisions of the CDR Empowered Group and CDR Cell. The CDR Standing Forum may also formulate guidelines for dispensing special treatment to those cases, which are complicated and are likely to be delayed beyond the time frame prescribed for processing. 68 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

2.5 A CDR Core Group will be carved out of the CDR Standing Forum to assist the Standing Forum in convening the meetings and taking decisions relating to policy, on behalf of the Standing Forum. The Core Group will consist of Chief Executives of Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd., State Bank of India, ICICI Bank Ltd, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian Banks' Association and Deputy Chairman of Indian Banks' Association representing foreign banks in India. 2.6 The CDR Core Group would lay down the policies and guidelines to be followed by the CDR Empowered Group and CDR Cell for debt restructuring. These guidelines shall also suitably address the operational difficulties experienced in the functioning of the CDR Empowered Group. The CDR Core Group shall also prescribe the PERT chart for processing of cases referred to the CDR system and decide on the modalities for enforcement of the time frame. The CDR Core Group shall also lay down guidelines to ensure that over-optimistic projections are not assumed while preparing / approving restructuring proposals especially with regard to capacity utilization, price of products, profit margin, demand, availability of raw materials, input-output ratio and likely impact of imports / international cost competitiveness. 3. CDR Group Empowered

3.1 The individual cases of corporate debt restructuring shall be decided by the CDR Empowered Group, consisting of ED level representatives of Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd. and State Bank of India as standing members, in addition to ED level representatives of financial institutions and banks who have an exposure to the concerned company. While the standing members will facilitate the conduct of the Group's meetings, voting will be in proportion to the exposure of the creditors only. In order to make the CDR Empowered Group effective and broad based and operate efficiently and smoothly, it would have to be ensured that participating institutions / banks approve a panel of senior officers to represent them in the CDR Empowered Group and ensure that they depute officials only from among the panel to attend the meetings of CDR Empowered Group. Further, nominees who attend the meeting pertaining to one account should invariably attend all the meetings pertaining to that account instead of deputing their representatives . 3.2 The level of representation of banks / financial institutions on the Empowered Group should be at a sufficiently senior level to ensure CDR that 69 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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concerned bank / FI abides by the necessary commitments including sacrifices, made towards debt restructuring. There should be a general authorisation by the respective Boards of the participating institutions / banks in favour of their representatives on the CDR Empowered Group, authorising them to take decisions on behalf of their organization, regarding restructuring of debts of individual corporates. 3.3 The CDR Empowered Group will consider the preliminary report of all cases of requests of restructuring, submitted to it by the CDR Cell. After the Empowered Group decides that restructuring of the company is prima-facie feasible and the enterprise is potentially viable in terms of the policies and guidelines evolved by Standing Forum, the detailed restructuring package will be worked out by the CDR Cell in conjunction with the Lead Institution. However, if the lead institution faces difficulties in working out the detailed restructuring package, the participating banks / financial institutions should decide upon the alternate institution / bank which would work out the detailed restructuring package at the first meeting of the Empowered Group when the preliminary report of the CDR Cell comes up for consideration. 3.4 The CDR Empowered Group would be mandated to look into each case of debt restructuring, examine the viability and rehabilitation potential of the Company and approve the restructuring package within a specified time frame of 90 days, or at best within 180 days of reference to the Empowered Group. The CDR Empowered Group shall decide on the acceptable viability benchmark levels on the following illustrative parameters, which may be applied on a case-by-case basis, based on the merits of each case : * Return (ROCE), * Debt (DSCR), * on Capital Employed Ratio

Service

Coverage

Gap between the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Cost of Fund (CoF), of

* Extent sacrifice.

3.5 The Board of each bank / FI should authorise its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and / or Executive Director (ED) to decide on the restructuring package in respect of cases referred to the CDR system, with the requisite requirements to meet the control needs. CDR Empowered Group will meet on two or three occasions in respect of each borrowal account. This will provide an opportunity to the participating members to seek proper authorisations from their CEO / 70 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

ED, in case of need, in respect of those cases where the critical parameters of restructuring are beyond the authority delegated to him / her. 3.6 The decisions of the CDR Empowered Group shall be final. If restructuring of debt is found to be viable and feasible and approved by the Empowered Group, the company would be put on the restructuring mode. If restructuring is not found viable, the creditors would then be free to take necessary steps for immediate recovery of dues and / or liquidation or winding up of the company, collectively or individually. 4 CDR Cell 4.1 The CDR Standing Forum and the CDR Empowered Group will be assisted by a CDR Cell in all their functions. The CDR Cell will make the initial scrutiny of the proposals received from borrowers / creditors, by calling for proposed rehabilitation plan and other information and put up the matter before the CDR Empowered Group, within one month to decide whether rehabilitation is prima facie feasible. If found feasible, the CDR Cell will proceed to prepare detailed Rehabilitation Plan with the help of creditors and, if necessary, experts to be engaged from outside. If not found prima facie feasible, the creditors may start action for recovery of their dues. 4.2 All references for corporate debt restructuring by creditors or borrowers will be made to the CDR Cell. It shall be the responsibility of the lead institution / major stakeholder to the corporate, to work out a preliminary restructuring plan in consultation with other stakeholders and submit to the CDR Cell within one month. The CDR Cell will prepare the restructuring plan in terms of the general policies and guidelines approved by the CDR Standing Forum and place for consideration of the Empowered Group within 30 days for decision. The Empowered Group can approve or suggest modifications but ensure that a final decision is taken within a total period of 90 days. However, for sufficient reasons the period can be extended up to a maximum of 180 days from the date of reference to the CDR Cell. 4.3 The CDR Standing Forum, the CDR Empowered Group and CDR Cell is at present housed in Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd. However, it may be shifted to another place if considered necessary, as may be decided by the Standing Forum. The administrative and other costs shall be shared by all financial institutions and banks. The sharing pattern shall be as determined by the Standing Forum. 71 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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4.4 CDR Cell will have adequate members of staff deputed from banks and financial institutions. The CDR Cell may also take outside professional help. The cost in operating the CDR mechanism including CDR Cell will be met from contribution of the financial institutions and banks in the Core Group at the rate of Rs.50 lakh each and contribution from other institutions and banks at the rate of Rs.5 lakh each. 5. 5.1 Other features Eligibility criteria 5.1.1 The scheme will not apply to accounts involving only one financial institution or one bank. The CDR mechanism will cover only multiple banking accounts / syndication / consortium accounts of corporate borrowers engaged in any type of activity with outstanding fundbased and non-fund based exposure of Rs.10 crore and above by banks and institutions. 5.1.2 The Category 1 CDR system will be applicable only to accounts classified as 'standard' and 'sub-standard'. There may be a situation where a small portion of debt by a bank might be classified as doubtful. In that situation, if the account has been classified as 'standard'/ 'substandard' in the books of at least 90% of creditors (by value), the same would be treated as standard / substandard, only for the purpose of judging the account as eligible for CDR, in the books of the remaining 10% of creditors. There would be no requirement of the account / company being sick, NPA or being in default for a specified period before reference to the CDR system. However, potentially viable cases of NPAs will get priority. This approach would provide the necessary flexibility and facilitate timely intervention for debt restructuring. Prescribing any milestone(s) may not be necessary, since the debt restructuring exercise is being triggered by banks and financial institutions or with their consent. 5.1.3 While corporates indulging in frauds and malfeasance even in a single bank will continue to remain ineligible for restructuring under CDR mechanism as hitherto, the Core group may review the reasons for classification of the borrower as wilful defaulter specially in old cases where the manner of classification of a borrower as a wilful defaulter was not transparent and satisfy itself that the borrower is in a position to 72 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

rectify the wilful default provided he is granted an opportunity under the CDR mechanism. Such exceptional cases may be admitted for restructuring with the approval of the Core Group only. The Core Group may ensure that cases involving frauds or diversion of funds with malafide intent are not covered. 5.1.4 The accounts where recovery suits have been filed by the creditors against the company, may be eligible for consideration under the CDR system provided, the initiative to resolve the case under the CDR system is taken by at least 75% of the creditors (by value) and 60% of creditors (by number). 5.1.5 BIFR cases are not eligible for restructuring under the CDR system. However, large value BIFR cases may be eligible for restructuring under the CDR system if specifically recommended by the CDR Core Group. The Core Group shall recommend exceptional BIFR cases on a casetocase basis for consideration under the CDR system. It should be ensured that the lending institutions complete all the formalities in seeking the approval from BIFR before implementing the package. 5.2 Reference system to CDR

5.2.1 Reference to Corporate Debt Restructuring System could be triggered by (i) any or more of the creditor who have minimum 20% share in either working capital or term finance, or (ii) by the concerned corporate, if supported by a bank or financial institution having stake as in (i) above. 5.2.2 Though flexibility is available whereby the creditors could either consider restructuring outside the purview of the CDR system or even initiate legal proceedings where warranted, banks / FIs should review all eligible cases where the exposure of the financial system is more than Rs.100 crore and decide about referring the case to CDR system or to proceed under the new Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act, 2002 or to file a suit in DRT etc. 5.3 Legal Basis 5.3.1 CDR is a non-statutory mechanism which is a voluntary system based on Debtor- Creditor Agreement (DCA) and Inter-Creditor Agreement (ICA). The Debtor-Creditor Agreement (DCA) and the InterCreditor Agreement (ICA) shall provide the legal basis to the CDR mechanism. 73 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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The debtors shall have to accede to the DCA, either at the time of original loan documentation (for future cases) or at the time of reference to Corporate Debt Restructuring Cell. Similarly, all participants in the CDR mechanism through their membership of the Standing Forum shall have to enter into a legally binding agreement, with necessary enforcement and penal clauses, to operate the System through laiddown policies and guidelines. The ICA signed by the creditors will be initially valid for a period of 3 years and subject to renewal for further periods of 3 years thereafter. The lenders in foreign currency outside the country are not a part of CDR system. Such creditors and also creditors like GIC, LIC, UTI, etc., who have not joined the CDR system, could join CDR mechanism of a particular corporate by signing transaction to transaction ICA, wherever they have exposure to such corporate. 5.3.2 The Inter-Creditor Agreement would be a legally binding agreement amongst the creditors, with necessary enforcement and penal clauses, wherein the creditors would commit themselves to abide by the various elements of CDR system. Further, the creditors shall agree that if 75 per cent of creditors by value and 60 per cent of the creditors by number, agree to a restructuring package of an existing debt (i.e., debt outstanding), the same would be binding on the remaining creditors. Since Category 1 CDR Scheme covers only standard and substandard accounts, which in the opinion of 75 per cent of the creditors by value and 60 per cent of creditors by number, are likely to become performing after introduction of the CDR package, it is expected that all other creditors (i.e., those outside the minimum 75 per cent by value and 60 per cent by number) would be willing to participate in the entire CDR package, including the agreed additional financing. 5.3.3 may In order to improve effectiveness of the CDR mechanism a clause be incorporated in the loan agreements involving consortium / syndicate accounts whereby all creditors, including those which are not members of the CDR mechanism, agree to be bound by the terms of the restructuring package that may be approved under the CDR mechanism, as and when restructuring may become necessary.

5.3.4 One of the most important elements of Debtor-Creditor Agreement would be 'stand still' agreement binding for 90 days, or 180 days by both sides. Under this clause, both the debtor and creditor(s) shall agree to a 74 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

legally binding 'stand-still' whereby both the parties commit themselves not to take recourse to any other legal action during the 'standstill' period, this would be necessary for enabling the CDR System to undertake the necessary debt restructuring exercise without any outside intervention, judicial or otherwise. However, the stand-still clause will be applicable only to any civil action either by the borrower or any lender against the other party and will not cover any criminal action. Further, during the stand-still period, outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts, derivative products, etc., can be crystallised, provided the borrower is agreeable to such crystallisation. The borrower will additionally undertake that during the stand-still period the documents will stand extended for the purpose of limitation and also that he will not approach any other authority for any relief and the directors of the borrowing company will not resign from the Board of Directors during the stand-still period. 5.4 Sharing finance of Additional

5.4.1 Additional finance, if any, is to be provided by all creditors of a 'standard' or 'substandard account' irrespective of whether they are working capital or term creditors, on a pro-rata basis. In case for any internal reason, any creditor (outside the minimum 75 per cent and 60 per cent) does not wish to commit additional financing, that creditor will have an option in accordance with the provisions of para 5.6. 5.4.2 The providers of additional finance, whether existing creditors or new creditors, shall have a preferential claim, to be worked out under the restructuring package, over the providers of existing finance with respect to the cash flows out of recoveries, in respect of the additional exposure 5.5 Exit Option 5.5.1 As stated in para 5.5.1 a creditor (outside the minimum 75 per cent and 60 per cent) who for any internal reason does not wish to commit additional finance will have an option. At the same time, in order to avoid the "free rider" problem, it is necessary to provide some disincentive to the creditor who wishes to exercise this option. Such creditors can either (a) arrange for its share of additional finance to be 75 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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provided by a new or existing creditor, or (b) agree to the deferment of the first year's interest due to it after the CDR package becomes effective. The first year's deferred interest as mentioned above, without compounding, will be payable along with the last instalment of the principal due to the creditor. 5.5.2 In addition, the exit option will also be available to all lenders within the minimum 75 percent and 60 percent provided the purchaser agrees to abide by restructuring package approved by the Empowered Group. The exiting lenders may be allowed to continue with their existing level of exposure to the borrower provided they tie up with either the existing lenders or fresh lenders taking up their share of additional finance. 5.5.3 The lenders who wish to exit from the package would have the option to sell their existing share to either the existing lenders or fresh lenders, at an appropriate price, which would be decided mutually between the exiting lender and the taking over lender. The new lenders shall rank on par with the existing lenders for repayment and servicing of the dues since they have taken over the existing dues to the exiting lender. 5.5.4 In order to bring more flexibility in the exit option, One Time Settlement can also be considered, wherever necessary, as a part of the restructuring package. If an account with any creditor is subjected to One Time Settlement (OTS) by a borrower before its reference to the CDR mechanism, any fulfilled commitments under such OTS may not be reversed under the restructured package. Further payment commitments of the borrower arising out of such OTS may be factored into the restructuring package. 5.6 Category System 2 CDR

5.6.1 There have been instances where the projects have been found to be viable by the creditors but the accounts could not be taken up for restructuring under the CDR system as they fell under 'doubtful' category. Hence, a second category of CDR is introduced for cases where the accounts have been classified as 'doubtful' in the books of creditors, and if a minimum of 75% of creditors (by value) and 60% creditors (by number) satisfy themselves of the viability of the account and consent for such restructuring, subject to the following conditions : (i) It will not be binding on the creditors to take up additional financing 76 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

worked out under the debt restructuring package and the decision to lend or not to lend will depend on each creditor bank / FI separately. In other words, under the proposed second category of the CDR mechanism, the existing loans will only be restructured and it would be up to the promoter to firm up additional financing arrangement with new or existing creditors individually. (ii) All other norms under the CDR mechanism such as the standstill clause, asset classification status during the pendency of restructuring under CDR, etc., will continue to be applicable to this category also. 5.6.2 No individual case should be referred to RBI. CDR Core Group may take a final decision whether a particular case falls under the CDR guidelines or it does not. 5.6.3 All the other features of the CDR system as applicable to the First Category will also be applicable to cases restructured under the Second Category . 5.7 Incorporation clause of 'right to recompense'

All CDR approved packages must incorporate creditors' right to accelerate repayment and borrowers' right to pre-pay. The right of recompense should be based on certain performance criteria to be decided by the Standing Forum.

SME Debt Mechanism

Restructuring

Apart from CDR Mechanism, there exists a much simpler mechanism for restructuring of loans availed by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Unlike in the case of CDR Mechanism, the operational rules of the mechanism have been left to be formulated by the banks concerned. This mechanism will be applicable to all the borrowers which have funded and non-funded outstanding up to Rs.10 crore under multiple /consortium banking arrangement. Major elements of this arrangements are as under : (i) Under this mechanism, banks may formulate, with the approval of their Board of Directors, a debt restructuring scheme for SMEs within the prudential norms laid down by RBI. Banks may frame different sets of policies for borrowers 77 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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belonging to different sectors within the SME if they so desire. (ii) While framing the scheme, banks may ensure that the scheme is simple to comprehend and will, at the minimum, include parameters indicated in these guidelines . (iii) The main plank of the scheme is that the bank with the maximum outstanding may work out the restructuring package, along with the bank having the second largest share. (iv) Banks should work out the restructuring package and implement the within a maximum period of 90 days from date of receipt of same requests. (v) The SME Debt Restructuring Mechanism will be available to all borrowers engaged in any type of activity. (vi) Banks may review the progress in rehabilitation and restructuring of accounts on a quarterly basis and keep the Board SMEs informed.

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Annex - 5 Key Concepts

(i)

Advances The term 'Advances' will mean all kinds of credit facilities including cash credit, overdrafts, term loans, bills discounted / purchased, factored receivables, etc. and investments other than that in the nature of equity.

(ii)

Agricultural Activities As defined in RPCD circular RPCD.No.Plan.BC.84/04.09.01/2006-07 dated April 30, 2007 as modified from time to time.

(iii)

Fully Secured When the amounts due to a bank (present value of principal and interest receivable as per restructured loan terms) are fully covered by the value of security, duly charged in its favour in respect of those dues, the bank's dues are considered to be fully secured. While assessing the realisable value of security, primary as well as collateral securities would be reckoned, provided such securities are tangible securities and are not in intangible form like guarantee etc., of the promoter / others. However, for this purpose the bank guarantees, State Government Guarantees and Central Government Guarantees will be treated on par with tangible security.

(iv)

Restructured Accounts A restructured account is one where the bank, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower's financial difficulty, grants to the borrower concessions that the bank would not otherwise consider. Restructuring would normally involve modification of terms of the advances / securities, which would generally include, among others, alteration of repayment period / repayable amount/ the amount of instalments / rate of interest (due to reasons other than competitive reasons). However, extension in repayment tenor of a floating rate loan on reset of interest rate, so as to keep the EMI unchanged provided it is applied to a class of accounts uniformly will not render the account to be classified as Restructured account. In other words, extension or deferment of EMIs to individual borrowers as against to an entire class, would render the accounts to be classified as 'restructured accounts.

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(v)

Repeatedly Accounts

Restructured

When a bank restructures an account a second (or more) time(s), the account will be considered as a 'repeatedly restructured account'. However, if the second restructuring takes place after the period upto which the concessions were extended under the terms of the first restructuring, that account shall not be reckoned as a 'repeatedly restructured account'. (vi) SMEs

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is an undertaking defined in RPCD RPCD.PLNFS.BC.No.63.06.02/2006-07 dated April 4, 2007 amended from time to circulars time. (vii) Specified Period Specified Period means a period of one year from the date when the first payment interest or installment of principal falls due under the terms of restructuring of package. (viii) Satisfactory Performance Satisfactory performance during the specified period means adherence to the conditions during that following period. Non-Agricultural Accounts Cash Credit

In the case of non-agricultural cash credit accounts, the account should not be out of order any time during the specified period, for a duration of more than 90 days. In addition, there should not be any overdues at the end of the specified period. Non-Agricultural Accounts Term Loan

In the case of non-agricultural term loan accounts, no payment should remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days. In addition there should not be any overdues at the end of the specified period. All Accounts Agricultural

In the case of agricultural accounts, at the end of the specified period the should be account regular.

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Annex - 6 Particulars Restructured of Accounts Amt. crore) (Rs. in

CDR Mechanism Standar d advances restructure d No. of Borrower s Amount outstandin g Sacrific e (diminution in the fair value) No. of Borrower s Amount outstandin g Sacrific e (diminution in the fair value) No. of Borrower s Amount outstandin g Sacrific e (diminution in the fair value) No. of Borrower s Amount outstandin g Sacrific e (diminution in

SME Debt Restructuring Others

Sub standard advances restructure d

Doubtfu l advances restructure d

TOTAL

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Annex - 7

Asset Classification Guidelines

of

Restructured

Accounts

under

the

Asset Classification of Restructured Accounts under the Guidelines Particular Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 s I Assumed due 31.01.2007 31.01.2007 date of payment Assumed date of restructuring Period of delinquency on the date of restructuring Asset Classification (AC) before restructuring Date of 31.12.05 NPA

31.03.2007 31.03.2007 31.03.2007 31.03.2007

2 months 2 months 18 months 18 months as

'Standard' 'Standard' -

'Doubtful less than one year'

'Doubtful less than one year' 31.12.05

NA

NA

(Assumed) (Assumed)

II Asset classification (AC) on restructuring Assumed status Eligible Not of for eligible the special for borrower special regulator regulator y y treatment treatment AC after restructuring 'Standard' Downgraded

Eligible for special regulator y treatment

Not eligible for special regulator y treatment

'Doubtful - 'Doubtful to 'Substandard ' w.e.f 31.03.07 (i.e., on the date of restructuring) less than one year' less than one year'

Assumed first payment due under the revised terms

31.12.07 31.12.07 31.12.07 31.12.07

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III Asset classification after restructuring A The account performs as per restructured satisfactorily terms (a) AC during No change 'Doubtful - No change 'Doubtful the less specified (i.e., than one year' (i.e. one to one remains , three year 'Standard' w.e.f. remains years' period ) 31.03.08 w.e.f. (i.e., (i.e. one 'Doubtful - 31.12.07 from year (i.e., 31.12.07 to after less than one year after 31.12.08) classification one year') classification as 'Substandard' as 'Doubtful ) less than one year') (b) the AC after Continues in Upgraded to 'Standard 'Standard ' ' categor categor y y Upgrade d to Upgraded to 'Standard ' categor y

specified one year period

If performance satisfactory (a) AC during Treated the as specified substandar one d year period w.e. (in f case the 30.4.2007 unsatisfactory and performance is establishe d befor e completion of one year period ) (b) AC after the specified one year period, if the downgrade d to 'Doubtful less than one year' with effect from 30.04.08.

'Standard ' categor y not vis--vis restructured terms 'Doubtful - 'Doubtful 'Doubtful less than one year' one to one to three three w.e.f. years' years' 31.03.08 w.e.f. w.e.f. (i.e. one 31.12.07 31.12.07 year (i.e., after one year after classification classification as 'Doubtful less than one year' (on 31.12.06)

Will Will migrate migrate to to 'Doubtful 'Doubtful - one one to to three three years' years' w.e.f. w.e.f. 31.03.09 unsatisfactory 30.04.09 and and 'Doubtful performanc e continues 'Doubtful more than three years' w.e.f . 30.04.2011. more than three years' w.e.f . 31.03.2011.

Will Will migrate migrate to 'Doubtful further to - more than 'Doubtful three years' w.e.f . 31.12.09 more than three years' w.e.f . 31.12.09

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Annex-8

Special Regulatory Relaxations for Restructuring 2009)

(Available upto June 30,

Since the spillover effects of the global downturn had also started affecting the Indian economy particularly from September 2008 onwards creating stress for the otherwise viable units / activities, certain modifications were made in the guidelines on restructuring i.e RBI/2008-09/143 DBOD.No.BP.BC.No.37/21.04.132/2008-09 dated August 27, 2008 as a onetime measure and for a limited period of time i.e. up to June 30, 2009 vide our circular RBI/2008-09/311.DBOD.BP.BC.93/21.04.132/2008-09 dated December 8, 2008, RBI/200809/340.DBOD.BP.BC.104/21.04.132/2008-09 dated January 2, 2009, RBI/200809/370.DBOD.BP.BC.105/21.04.132/2008-09 dated February 4, 2009 and RBI/ 200809 /435 DBOD. No. BP. BC.No.124 /21.04.132 /2008-09 April 17, 2009. These circular will cease to operate from July 1, 2009. These guidelines are as below: i) In terms of para 6.1 of the circular RBI/ 2008-09 /143 .DBOD. No. BP.BC .No.37/21.04.132 /2008-09 dated August 27, 2008, exposures to commercial real estate, capital market exposures and personal / consumer loans are not eligible for the exceptional regulatory treatment of retaining the asset classification of the restructured standard accounts in standard category as given in para 6.2 of the circular. As the real estate sector is facing difficulties, it has been decided to extend exceptions / special treatment to the commercial real estate exposures which are restructured up to June 30, 2009. (ii) In terms of para 6.2.2(vi) of the aforesaid circular, the special regulatory treatment is restricted only to the cases where the restructuring under consideration is not a 'repeated restructuring as defined in para (v) of Annex 2 to the circular. In the face of the current economic downturn, there are likely to be instances of even viable units facing temporary cash flow problems. To address this problem, it has been decided, as a one-time measure, that the second restructuring done by banks of exposures (other than exposures to commercial real estate, capital market exposures and personal / consumer loans) upto June 30, 2009, will also be eligible for exceptional / special regulatory treatment (iii) All accounts covered under the circular dated December 8, 2008 which were standard accounts on September 1, 2008 would be treated as standard accounts on restructuring provided the restructuring is taken up on or before March 31, 2009 and the restructuring package is put in place within a period of 120 days from the date of taking up the restructuring package. 84 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

(iv) The period for implementing the restructuring package would stand extended from 90 days to 120 days in respect of accounts covered under the circular dated August 27, 2008 also. (v) The value of security is relevant to determine the likely losses which a bank might suffer on the exposure should the default take place. This aspect assumes greater importance in the case of restructured loans. However, owing to the current downturn, the full security cover for the WCTL created by conversion of the irregular portion of principal dues over the drawing power, may not be available due to fall in the prices of security such as inventories. In view of the extraordinary situation, this special regulatory treatment will also be available to 'standard' and 'sub-standard accounts', covered under circulars dated August 27, 2008 and December 8, 2008 even where full security cover for WCTL is not available, subject to the condition that provisions are made against the unsecured portion of the WCTL, as under : * 20%. Standard Assets :

* Sub-standard Assets : 20% during the first year and to be increased by 20% year thereafter until the specified period (one year after the every first payment is due under the terms of restructuring). * If the account is not eligible for upgradation after the specified period, the unsecured portion will attract provision of 100%. These provisions would be in addition to the usual provisions as per the current regulation. (vi) In this connection, we advise that in terms of Para 3.1.2 of the circular dated August 27, 2008, during the pendency of the application for restructuring of the advance, the usual asset classification norms continue to apply. The process of reclassification of an asset should not stop merely because the application is under consideration. However, as an incentive for quick implementation of the package, if the approved package is implemented by the bank as per the following time schedule, the asset classification status may be restored to the position which existed when the reference was made to the CDR Cell in respect of cases covered under the CDR Mechanism or when the restructuring application was received by the bank in non-CDR cases : (i) Within 120 days from the date of approval under the CDR Mechanism. (ii) Within 90 days from the date of receipt of application by the bank in cases other than those restructured under the CDR Mechanism.

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(vii) It is further clarified that the cases where the accounts were standard as on September 1, 2008 but slipped to NPA category before 31st March 2009, these can be reported as standard as on March 31, 2009 only if the restructuring package is implemented before 31st March 2009 and all conditions prescribed in para 6.2.2 of the circular dated August 27, 2008 (as amended till date) are also complied with. All those accounts in case of which the packages are in process or have been approved but are yet to be implemented fully will have to be reported as NPA as on March 31, 2009 if they have turned NPA in the normal course. However, in any regulatory reporting made by the bank after the date of implementation of the package within the prescribed period, these accounts can be reported as standard assets with retrospective effect from the date when the reference was made to the CDR Cell in respect of cases covered under the CDR Mechanism or when the restructuring application was received by the bank in non-CDR cases. In this regard, it may be clarified that reporting with retrospective effect does not mean reopening the balance sheet which is already finalised; what it means is that in all subsequent reporting, the account will be reported as standard and any provisions made because of its interim slippage to NPA can be reversed. viii)The circular dated November 14, 2008 extend special regulatory treatment for asset classification to seven projects (listed below) where the commencement of production/operation had already been considerably delayed. The banks were advised that they may undertake a fresh financial viability study of these projects in order to assess their eligibility for restructuring. In case the projects are found eligible for restructuring and the banks concerned chose to undertake their restructuring, it has been decided, as a onetime measure, having regard to the current market developments, that the aforesaid seven projects under implementation, upon restructuring as per our aforesaid circular dated August 27, 2008, would be categorised in 'standard' category even if the account was NPA at the time of such restructuring provided such restructuring package is implemented within a period of six months from the date of this circular. All other extant norms relating to IRAC and restructuring of advances remain unchanged. These seven projects are: 1) Nandi Economic Corridor Enterprises Ltd., (Road Project and Township) 2) GVK Industries Ltd., (Gas-based Power Project - Phase -II) 3) Gautami Power Ltd. (Gas-based Power Project) 4) Konaseema Gas Power Ltd., (Gas-based Power Project) 5) New Tirupur Area Development Corporation, (Development of Tirupur Area) 6) Vemagiri Power Generation Ltd., (Gas-based Power Project) 7) Delhi Gurgaon Super Connectivity Ltd.

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(ix) In addition to the disclosures required in terms of our circular dated August 27, 2008, banks may also disclose the information in the balance sheet as detailed below:

Additional Accounts S. No

Disclosures

regarding

Restructured

Disclosure s

Number

Amount (in Crore Rs.) of

1. Application received up to March 31, 2009 for restructuring in respect of accounts which were standard as on September 1, 2008. 2. Of (1), proposals approved and implemented as on March 31, 2009 and thus became eligible for special regulatory treatment and classified as standard assets as on the date of the balance sheet. 3. Of (1), proposals approved and implemented as on March 31, 2009 but could not be upgraded to the standard category . 4. Of (1), proposals under process / implementation which were standard as on March 31, 2009. 5. Of (1), proposals under process / implementation which turned NPA as on March 31, 2009 but are expected to be classified as standard assets on full implementation of the package .

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Annex - 9 (Cf. para 2 of the covering letter to the circular) List of Circulars consolidated by the Master Circular on IRAC Norms Sl. No. Circular No. Date Subject Para No. of 1. DBOD.No.BP.BC.96/08. 1 2.014/2009-10 23.04.2010 Prudential Norms on Advances to Infrastructure Sector Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning Pertaining to Advances Projects underImplementation Agricultural Debt Waiver Debt and Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification, Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Second Quarter Review ofMonetary Policy for the Year 2009-10 Provisioning Coverage for Advances the MC 5.4 and 5.4 (b) 4.2.15 (ii), (iii)

2.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.85/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 31.03.2010

3.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.82/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 30.03.2010

21.2, 21.3, 21.4

4.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.64/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 01.12.2009

5.10, Annex 3

5.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.58/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 05.11.2009

6.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.46/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 24.09.2009

7.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.35/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 31.08.2009

8.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.33/21. 0 4.048/2009-10 27.08.2009

on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances - Computation of NPA Levels Agricultural Debt Waiver Debt and Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification, Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Treatment Prudential in respect of Floating Provisions

Second Quarter Review ofMonetary Policy for the Year 2009-10 Provisioning Requirement Standard for Assets Prudential Norms

5.5 (i)

3.2, 3.4 3.5, Annex -1

21.2, 21.3, 21.4

5.6.3

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9.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.140/21.04 . 048/2008-09 25.06.2009

10.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.125/21.04 . 048/2008-09 17.04.2009 DBOD.No.BP.BC.No.124/21 . 04.132/2008-09 DBOD.No.BP.BC.122/21.04 . 048/2008-09 17.04.2009 on 09/04/2009

11.

Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms on IRAC, Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Prudential Norms on Unsecured Advances Prudential Guidelines Restructuring Advances Prudential Treatment in respect Floating Provisions of of

21.2

5.4(iii)

Annex 4

12.

5.6.3

13.

DBOD.BP.BC.121/21.04.13 2 /2008-0909.04.2009

14. DBOD.No.BP.BC.112/21.04. 048/2008-09 05.03.2009

15.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.118/21.04 . 048/2008-09

25/03/2009 of

Prudential guidelines on Restructuring of Advances Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms on IRAC, Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Prudential Treatment different Types of Provisions in respect of Loan Portfolios Prudential guidelines Restructuring Advances Prudential guidelines Restructuring Advances. Prudential guidelines Restructuring Advances Review of of of

11.4.2

21.2

5.6.3, 5.7, 5.9.9, 5.9.10

16.

DBOD.BP.BC.105/21.04.13 2 /2008-09 DBOD.BP.BC.104/21.04.13 2 /2008-09

04.02.2009 on 02.01.2009 on

Annex 8

17.

Annex 8 of

18.

DBOD.BP.BC.93/21.04.132 / 2008-09 DBOD.BP.BC.83/21.01.002 / 2008-09

08.12.2008 on 15/11/2008 Prudential

Annex 8

19.

5.5

Norms - Provisioning for Standard Assets and Risk Weights for Exposures to Corporates, Commercial Real Estate and NBFCND-SI

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20.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.84/21.04. 0 48/2008-09

14/11/2008 Norms

Asset

Classification

4.2.15, Annex 8

for Infrastructure Projects under Implementation Agricultural Debt

21.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.78/21.04 . 048/2008-09

11.11.2008 Waiver

21.1

22.

DBOD.BP.BC.76/21.04.132 / 2008-09 DBOD.BP.BC.No.69/21.03. 0 09/2008-09

03.11.2008 on 29/10/2008 Off-

and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms on IRAC, Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Prudential guidelines Restructuring of Advances Prudential Norms for Balance Exposures of Banks (i) Disbursal of Sheet

14.2.2

23.

4.2.7 (iv)

24.

DBOD.BP.BC.58/21.04.048 / 2008-09

13.10.2008 Loans

Annex 4

25.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.57/21.04. 1 57/2008-09

13/10/2008 Off-

against Sanctioned Limits (ii) Restructuring of Dues of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Prudential Norms for balance Exposures of Banks Sheet

2.1.2 (vii), 4.2.7 (iv) to 4.2.7 (vii)

26.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.48/21.04. 0 48/2008-09

22/09/2008 on

Prudential Norms Utilisation of Floating Provisions Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential guidelines Restructuring of Advancescomprehensive guidelines Prudential Norms for balance Exposures of Banks Agricultural Sheet

5.6.2

27.

DBOD.BP.BC.37/21.04.132 / 2008-09

27.08.2008 on

Para 18

to

28.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.31/21.04. 1 57/2008-09

08/08/2008 Off-

2.1.2 (vii), 5.9.12

29.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.26/21.04 . 048/2008-09

30.07.2008 Waiver

Debt

20

and Debt Relief Scheme, 2008 Prudential Norms DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

90

30.

DBOD.BP.BC.82/21.04.0 4 8/2007-08

08.05.2008

on IRAC, and Capital Adequacy Prudential on Asset

Provisioning

Norms

4.2.15 (iv)

Classification Advances Pertaining to Infrastructure Projects under Implementation and Involving Time Overrun

31.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.34/21.04. 0 48/2007-08

04.10.2007 Guidelines on Purchase / Sale of Performing Assets Non

7.5 (iii)

32.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.97/21.04. 0 48/2006-07

16.05.2007 Guidelines on Purchase / Sale of Performing Assets 12.04.2007 on Prudential Norms Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning Pertaining to Advances Projects Involving Time Overrun Prudential Norms Creation and Utilisation of Floating Provisions Third Quarter Review the Annual Statement on Monetary Policy the year 2006-07 for Non

7.5 (iii)

33.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.76/21.04. 0 48/2006-07

4.2.15 (iv)

34.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.68/21.04. 0 48/2006-07

13.03.2007 on

5.6.2

35.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.53/21.04. 0 48/2006-2007

31.01.2007 of

5.5 (i)

36.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.21/21.04. 0 48/2006-2007

Provisioning Requirement for Standard Assets and Risk Weights for Capital Adequac y 12.07.2006 Annual Policy Statement for the year 2006-07 Additional Provisioning Requirement Standard Assets

5.5 (i)

for

37.

DBOD.NO.BP.BC.89 / 21.04.048/ 2005-06

22.06.2006 on 91

Prudential norms creation and utilization of DBOD-MC 2010 on

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floating provisions 38. DBOD.NO.BP.BC.85 / 21.04.048/ 2005-06 29.05.2006 Statement Annual Policy 5.5(i)

for the year 2006-07: Additional Provisioning Requirement Standard Assets

for

39.

DBOD.NO.BP.BC.4 5 /21.0421.04.048/2005 -06

10.11.2005 on

Revised Guidelines Corporate Debt Restructuring(CDR ) Mechanism Debt mechanism and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) MidTerm for Small

Part B

40.

DBOD.NO.BP.BC.4 6 /21.0421.04.048/2005-06

10.11.2005 restructuring

Part B

41.

DBOD.NO.BP.BC.40 / 21.04.048/ 2005-06

04.11.2005 Annual

Review

of

5.5(i)

Policy Statement for the year 200506: Additional Provisioning Requirement for Standard Assets Debt mechanism and Medium for Small Part B

42.

DBOD.NO.BP.BC. 34 /21.04.132/2005-06

08.09.2005 restructuring

Enterprises (SMEs) Announcement made by the Union Finance Minister 43. DBOD.NO.BP.BC.16 / 21.04.048/ 2005-06 13.07.2005 Guidelines on purchase/sale of Non performing Assets Repayment schedule rural loans housing 7

44.

DBOD.BP.BC.34/21. 0 4.048/2004-05 DBOD.BP.BC.29/21.04.048 / 2004-05 13.08.2004

26.08.2004 of

4.2.13(vi)

45.

Prudential norms State Government guaranteed exposures

4.2.14

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46.

RPCD No. Plan.BC 92/04.09.01/2003-04 24.06.2004 to DBOD No. BP.BC 102/21.04.048/2003-04

Flow of credit Agricultur e Prudential for Agricultural Advances Norms

4.2.13 (iv)

47.

2.1.2(iv),(v) 4.2.10, 4.2.13(i)

24.06.2004

48.

DBOD No. BP.BC 99/21.04.048/2003-04 DBOD No. BP.BC 97/21.04.141/2003-04

21.06.2004 Provisioning 17.06.2004 on

Additional Requirement for NPAs Prudential Guidelines Unsecured Exposures Country Management Guidelines Guidelines on sale of financial assets to Securitisation / reconstruction company and related issues Projects under implementation involving overrun Risk Management time

49.

5.4

50.

DBOD No. BP.BC 96/21.04.103/2003-04

17.06.2004 Risk

5.9.8

51. DBOD No. BP.BC 96/21.04.048/2002-03

23.04.2003

52.

DBOD BP.BC. NO. 74/21.04.048/2002-2003 DBOD No.

27.02.2003

4.2.15

53. BP.BC.

19.02.2003

5.9.8

71/21.04.103/2002-2003

Systems in Banks Guidelines on Country Risk Management

54. DBOD BP.BC. No. 69/21.04.048/2002-03 55. 10.02.2003

Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs Agricultural loans affected natural calamities

4.2.5

DBOD. BP.BC No. 44/21.04.048/2002-03

30.11.2002

by

4.2.13

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56. 108/

DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.04.048/2001-2002

28.05.2002 asset

Income

recognition,

4.2.15

classification and provisioning on advances treatment of projects under implementation involving time overrun Corporate Restructurin g Prudential norms on classification Prudential norms income recognition, asset classification and Provisioning agricultural advances Prudential norms income recognition, asset classification and provisionin g Corporate Restructurin g Income Recognition, Classification and Provisioning for Advances SSI Advances by CGTSI Riskweight and provisioning norms Monetary Credit Policy Measures 2001-02 & 2.1.2 Part B 4.2 3 4.2.13 Part B 4.1.2

57. 101/ 58. 100/ 59. 59/

DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.01.002/ 2001-02 DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.01.002/ 2001-02 DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.04.048/2001-2002

09.05.2002 Debt 09.05.2002 asset 22.01.2002 on

60. 25/

DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.04.048/2000-2001

11.09.2001 on

61. 15 / 62. 132/

DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.04.114/2000-2001 DBOD No.BP.BC. 21.04.048/2000-2001

23.08.2001 Debt 14.06.2001 Asset

63. 128/

DBOD No. BP.BC. 21.04.048/2000-2001

07.06.2001 Guaranteed

5.9.5

64.

DBOD No. BP. BC. 116 /21.04.048/ 2000-2001 DBOD No. BP. BC. 21.04.048/ 2000-2001

02.05.2001 30.03.2001 Restructured

65. 98/

Treatment Accounts

of

Part B

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66. 40 /

DBOD No. BP. BC. 21.04.048/ 2000-2001

30.10.2000 Asset

Income

Recognition,

3.5

Classification and Provisioning Reporting of NPAs to RBI Prudential Norms Capital Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning, etc. Income Adequacy, 5.5

67. DBOD.No.BP.BC.161/21.04. 0 48/ 2000

24.04.2000 on

68. DBOD.No.BP.BC.144/21.04. 0 48/ 2000

29.02.2000 Asset

Recognition,

4.2.16

Classification and Provisioning and Other Related Matters and Adequacy Standards Takeout Finance

69. DBOD.No.BP.BC.138/21.04. 0 48/ 2000

07.02.2000 Asset

Income

Recognition,

4.2.18

Classification and Provisioning Project Finance Income

Export

70. DBOD.No.BP.BC.103/21.04. 0 48/ 99

21.10.99 Asset

Recognition,

4.2.10

Classification and Provisioning Agricultural Finance by Commercial Banks through Primary Agricultural Credit Societies Equipment Activity Accounting/ Provisioning Norms Income Recognition Classification and Provisioning Concept of Commencement of Commercial Production 3.2.3, 5.8

71. DBOD.No.FSC.BC.70/24.01. 001/ 99

17.07.99 Leasing

72. DBOD.No.BP.BC.45/21.04.0 4 8/99

10.05.99 Asset

4.2.15

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73. DBOD.No.BP.BC.120/21.04. 0 48/ 98

29.12.98 on

Prudential

norms

4.2.13

74. DBOD.No.BP.BC.103/21.01. 0 02/ 98 75. DBOD.No.BP.BC.17/21.04.0 4 8/98

31.10.98 Credit 04.03.98 on

Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning Agricultural Loans Affected by Natural Calamitie s Monetary & Policy Measures Prudential Norms Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning Agricultural Advances Assessments relating to asset valuation and loan loss provisioning Income Recognition

4.1.1, 4.1.2, 5.5 4.2.13

76. BC.6/

DOS. No. CO.PP. 11.01.005/ 9697 15.05.97

5.1.1

77. DBOD.No.BP.BC.29/21.04.0 4 8/97

09.04.97 Asset

4.2.13

Classification and Provisioning Agricultural Advances Income Recognition 4.2.13

78. DBOD.No.BP.BC.14/21.04.0 48/97

19.02.97 Asset

Classification and Provisioning Agricultural Advances Prudential Norms 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.8, 4.2.9

79. DBOD.No.BP.BC.9/21.04.04 8 /97

29.01.97 Capital

80.

DBOD.No.BP.BC.163/21.04 . 0 48/ 96

24.12.96

Adequacy, Income Recognition Asset Classification and Provisionin g Classification of Advances with Balance less than Rs. 25,000/ Income Recognition Asset Classification and Provisionin g

4.1

81. DBOD.No.BP.BC.65/21.04. 0 48/96 04.06.96

4.2.8

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82. DBOD.No.BP.BC.26/21.04.0 48/96 83. DBOD.No.BP.BC.25/21.04.0 48/96

19.03.96 Nonperforming 19.03.96 Recognition

3.5 Advances Reporting RBI Income Asset Classification and Provisionin g EXIM Bank's New Programme Extension of Guarantee cum Refinance to Commercial Bank in respect of Post shipment Supplier's Credit to 4.2.8, 4.2.14

84. DBOD.No.BP.BC.134/21.04. 0 48/ 95

20.11.95 Lending

4.2.17

85. DBOD.No.BP.BC.36/21.04.0 48/95 03.04.95 14.11.94 Recognition

86. DBOD.No.BP.BC.134/21.04. 0 48/ 94

Income Recognition Asset Classification and Provisionin g Income Asset Classification Provisioning and Other Related Matters Income Recognition

3.2.2, 3.3, 4.2.17 5.8.1 5

87. DBOD.No.BP.BC.58/21.04. 0 4 894

88. DBOD.No.BP.BC.50/21.04.0 48/94

89. -

DOS.BC.4/16.14.001/9394

Classification and Provisioning and Capital Adequacy Norms Clarification s Income Recognition Asset 30.04.94 Classification and Provisionin g 19.03.94 Credit Monitoring System Health Code System for Borrowal Accounts Income Provisioning Other Related Matters Income and

16.05.94 Asset

5.9.4

1.3

90. DBOD.No.BP.BC.8/21.04.04 3 /94

04.02.94 Recognition,

3.1.2, 3.4, 4.2

91. DBOD.No.BP.BC.195/21.04. 0 48/ 93

24.11.93 Asset

Recognition,

4.2

92. 5

DBOD.No.BP.BC.95/21.04.0 23.03.93

Classification and Provisioning Clarifications Income Recognition, Asset 3.2, 97 DBOD-MC 2010 on IRAC Norms-

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48/93

93. DBOD.No.BP.BC.59/21.04.0 4 392

17.12.92 Asset

Classification, Provisioning and Other Related Matters Income Recognition, Classification and Provisioning Clarifications

3.2.1, 3.2.2, 4.2

94.

27.04.92

DBOD.No.BP.BC.129/21.04 . 0 4392

Income Recognition, Asset Classification , Provisioning and Other Related Matters

1.1, 1.2, 2.1.1, 2.2, 3.1.1,3.1.3 , 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 3.1.1

95. DBOD.No.BP.BC.42/C.469 (W)90 96. DBOD.No.Fol.BC.136/C.249 85

31.10.90 Non

Classification of Performing Loans Credit Monitoring System Introduction of Health Code for Borrowal Accounts in Banks Monetary Credit Policy Measures Equipment Leasing, Hire Purchase, Factoring, Activities &

07.11.85 -

1.3

97. DBOD.No.BP.BC.35/21.01.0 02/99

24.04.99

4.2

98.

DBOD.No.FSC.BC.18/24.01 . 001/ 9394

19.02.94

2.1, 3.2.3 etc.

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