GSM PLMN

PLMN
www.legend-technologies.org
The Mobile Station MS MS = ME + SIM

Mobile Equipment (ME):
it is the terminal used by the user.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

It is an electronic microchip for storing information about the subscription.
Function of a Mobile Station

Radio transmission termination. termination Radio channel management. Speech encoding / decoding. Flow control of data. Mobility management. Call control. Performance measurement of radio link.
ME is uniquely identified by the IMEI

TAC FAC SNR SVN Final Assembly Codes (FAC) 01 ,02 AEG 07 ,40 Motorola 10 ,20 Nokia 40,41,44, Siemens 47 Optional International 51 Sony 51 Siemens 51 Ericsson 60 Alcatel www.legend-technologies.org
(6 di it ) (2 di i ) (6 di i ) (2 di i ) digits) digits) digits) digits)
TAC: Type Approval Code

Places that is centrally assigned by a GSM body.
SNR: Serial Number

Unique serial number assigned by the manufacturer
SVN: Software version Number

Refer to the version of software
Stores user addresses IMSI,MSISDN,TIMSI, rooming, etc authentication and encryption features yp subscribers secret authentication key (Ki) Authentication algorithm (secret algorithm A3 not unique) Cipher key generation algorithm (A8) Personalization SIM stores user profile (subscribed services) RAM available for SMS, short numbers, users directory, etc Protection codes PIN ,PUK
The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

MCC
(3 di it ) digits)
MNC
(2 di i ) digits)
MSIN
(10 digits) ( 0 di i )
MCC: Mobile Country Code

International standardized
MNC: Mobile Network Code

Unique Identification of mobile networks within acountry.
MSIN: Mobile Subscriber Identification Number Identification of subscriber in his mobile home network
The Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN)

CC
(2-3 digits)
NDC
(2-3 digits)
SN
(max. 10 digits)
CC: Country Code NDC: National Destination Code SN: Subscriber Numbe SN S b ib N b
The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

CC
(2-3 digits)
NDC
(2-3 digits)
SN
(max. 10 digits)
Used by the HLR for rerouting calls to the MS. It is assigned upon demand by the HLR on a per call basis. CC: Country Code Of the visited network NDC: National Destination Code Of the visited network SN: Subscriber Numbe Assigned by the current VLR and is unique in the current mobile network
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) Used in place of the IMSI for define identification and addressing of the MS. The purpose is to keep subscriber information confidential on the air interface. The TMSI is relevant on the local MSC/VLR level only Changed at new MSC/VLR area or at time intervals (ID hopping)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

BSS
T R A U BTS MS BSC
The Base Station Sub-system (BSS) is responsible for all the radio-related functions in the system.
Function of BTS Ciphering using th ciphering k Ci h i i the i h i key. Channel coding and interleaving. Records and passes to the BSC the Signal strength measurements. Modulation and demodulation
Function of BSC
Paging Channel allocation Dynamic power control in MS and BTS Locating the MS Handover Frequency Hopping
Transcoding and Rate Adaptation
Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
NSS
HLR
AUC
BTS
BSC
MSC/VLR
BTS
Function of MSC
Switching and call routing to or from MS MS. Charging. Service provisioning. Control of connected BSCs. Access to PSTN.
Provides the gateway functionality to other networks. networks One MSC controls more than one BSC.
Its function is to connect the PLMN to the PSTN or to the other PLMN existing in the country.
The HLR is a centralized network database that stores and manages all mobile subscriptions.
Permanent information
IMSI MSISDN IMSI,
Services subscribed Service restrictions (e.g. roaming restrictions) Parameters for additional services info about user equipment (IMEI) Authentication data
Temporary information
Link to current location of the user: Current VLR address (if avail) Current MSC address (if avail) MSRN (if user outside PLMN)
MSC/VLR
Eventually integrated with HLR
Triplets
Authentication Center RAN D SRE S Triplet Home Location Register RAN D SRE S Triplet Visitor Location Register RAN D SRE S Kc Kc Kc
The Ciphering Procedure

To the BSC DATA From the BSC DATA
Base Transceiver Station

Decryption Algorithm A5
Kc
TDMA Frame Number
Encryption Algorithm A5
Encrypted DATA
Encrypted DATA
Air Interface
Mobile Station
Encryption E ti Algorithm A5
Kc
TDMA Frame Number
Decryption Algorithm A5 DATA
DATA
The Authentication Procedure

Rand SRES AUC SRES AUC
Visitor Location Register Kc

VLR
SRES MS
Access Barred
Base Station Subsystem

Rand SRES MS
SRES MS Rand A3
S Card SIM Ca d
Ki Kc
Rand
A8
1- The Cell The smallest unit of a cellular system Each cell is assigned unique number call CGI
2- The location Area (LA) Group of cells Has identity called location y area identity (LAI) May be control by one or more BSC but one MSC
BTS BTS BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS BTS
BTS BTS BTS
BTS BTS BTS
3- The MSC Service Area Group of LAs controlled by one MSC The subscribers MSC service area is stored in its HLR
VLR
MSC
3- The PLMN Service Group of MSC areas controlled by one network operator. t k t
5- The GSM Service Area More operator sign contracts agreeing to work together for international roaming
One per operator
Location Area
MSC Service Area
PLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
Cell Identity (CGI) LAI

MCC
(3 digits)
MNC
(2 digits)
LAC
(4 digits)
CI
(4 digits)
MCC: Mobile C MCC M bil Country C d t Code MNC: Mobile Network Code LAC: Location Area Code CI: Cell Identity

GSM PLMN

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PLMN

The Mobile Station MS MS = ME + SIM

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

Function of a Mobile Station

ME is uniquely identified by the IMEI

(6 di it ) (2 di i ) (6 di i ) (2 di i ) digits) digits) digits) digits)

TAC: Type Approval Code

SNR: Serial Number

SVN: Software version Number

The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

MCC: Mobile Country Code

MNC: Mobile Network Code

The Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN)

The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Transcoding and Rate Adaptation

Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

Eventually integrated with HLR

The Ciphering Procedure

Base Transceiver Station

Decryption Algorithm A5 DATA

The Authentication Procedure

Visitor Location Register Kc

Base Station Subsystem

BTS BTS BTS

BTS BTS BTS

One per operator

MSC Service Area

PLMN Service Area

GSM Service Area

Cell Identity (CGI) LAI

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