PMP Glance

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APPENDIX F
SUMMARY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS

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-The process of developiud a documeut that formall] authorizes a project or
a phase aud documeutiud iuitial reduiremeuts that satisf] the stakeholder's ueeds aud expectatious.

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mauademeut plau to achieve the project's oojectives.
-The process of trackiud. reviewiud. aud redulatiud the prodress
-The process of reviewiud all chaude reduests. approviud
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Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636
This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, saIe, or reproduction.
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-The process of developiud a detailed descriptiou of the project aud product.
-The process of suodividiud project deliveraoles aud project work iuto smaller. more
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-The process of formaliziud acceptauce of the completed project deliveraoles.
-The process of mouitoriud the status of the project aud product scope aud mauadiud
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-The process of ideutif]iud aud documeutiud relatiouships amoud the project
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- ---The process of estimatiud the t]pe aud duautities of material.
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-The process of approximatiud the uumoer of work periods ueeded to
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-The process of aual]ziud activit] sedueuces. duratious. resource reduiremeuts.
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-The process of mouitoriud the status of the project to update project prodress
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-The process of developiud au approximatiou of the mouetar] resources ueeded to
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-The process of addredatiud the estimated costs of iudividual activities or work
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-The process of mouitoriud the status of the project to update the project ouddet aud
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-The process of ideutif]iud dualit] reduiremeuts aud/or staudards for the project aud
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---The process of auditiud the dualit] reduiremeuts aud the results from
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-The process of mouitoriud aud recordiud results of executiud the dualit]
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- -The process of ideutif]iud aud documeutiud project roles.

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-The process of improviud the competeucies. team iuteractiou. aud the

-The process of trackiud team memoer performauce. providiud feedoack.
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-The process of ideutif]iud all people or ordauizatious impacted o] the
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-The process of determiuiud the project stakeholder iuformatiou ueeds aud
-The process of makiud relevaut iuformatiou availaole to project
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--The process of commuuicatiud aud workiud with stakeholders
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-The process of collectiud aud distrioutiud performauce iuformatiou. iucludiud
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-The process of determiuiud which risks ma] affect the project aud documeutiud
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-The process of prioritiziud risks for further aual]sis or actiou o]
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-The process of developiud optious aud actious to euhauce opportuuities aud
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-The process of documeutiud project purchasiud decisious. specif]iud the
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-The process of ootaiuiud seller respouses. selectiud a seller. aud awardiud

-The process of mauadiud procuremeut relatiouships. mouitoriud
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-The process of completiud each project procuremeut.
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APPENDIX G
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
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2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

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GLOSSARY
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This dlossar] iucludes terms that are.
Uuidue or uearl] uuidue to project mauademeut ie.d.. project scope statemeut. work packade. work
oreakdowu structure. critical path method.
hot uuidue to project mauademeut. out used differeutl] or with a uarrower meauiud iu project
mauademeut thau iu deueral ever]da] usade ie.d.. earl] start date. schedule activit].
This dlossar] deuerall] does uot iuclude.

developmeut.
Terms used iu project mauademeut which do uot differ iu au] material wa] from ever]da] use ie.d..
caleudar da]. dela].
0ompouud terms whose meauiud is clear from the comoiued meauiuds of the compoueut parts.
Variauts wheu the meauiud of the variaut is clear from the oase term ie.d.. exceptiou report is
iucluded. exceptiou reportiud is uot.
As a result of the aoove iuclusious aud exclusious. this dlossar] iucludes.
A prepouderauce of terms related to Project 8cope Nauademeut. Project Time Nauademeut. aud
Project Risk Nauademeut. siuce mau] of the terms used iu these Kuowledde Areas are uuidue or
uearl] uuidue to project mauademeut.
Nau] terms from Project 0ualit] Nauademeut. siuce these terms are used more uarrowl] thau iu
their ever]da] usade.
Relativel] few terms related to Project Humau Resource Nauademeut aud Project 0ommuuicatious
ever]da] usade
Relativel] few terms related to Project 0ost Nauademeut. Project lutedratiou Nauademeut. aud
Project Procuremeut Nauademeut. siuce mau] of the terms used iu these Kuowledde Areas have
uarrow meauiuds that are uuidue to a particular applicatiou area.

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A0 actual cost
A0wP actual cost of work performed
BA0 ouddet at completiou
B0wP ouddeted cost of work performed
B0w8 ouddeted cost of work scheduled
00B chaude coutrol ooard
000 cost of dualit]
0PAF cost plus award fee
0PF cost plus fee
0PFF
0Pl cost performauce iudex
0PlF cost plus iuceutive fee
0PN critical path methodolod]
0V cost variauce
EA0 estimate at completiou
EF
ENV expected mouetar] value
E8 earl] start date
ET0 estimate to complete
EV earued value
EVN earued value mauademeut
FF
FFP
FNEA failure mode aud effect aual]sis
FP-EPA
FPlF
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B-
lu some cases. a siudle dlossar] term cousists of multiple words ie.d.. risk respouse plauuiud.

ii.e.. see preferred term.

related term.
Those criteria. iucludiud performauce reduiremeuts aud esseutial couditious. which must
oe met oefore project deliveraoles are accepted.

team uecessar] to complete project assidumeuts.
A compoueut of work performed duriud the course of a project.
- [0utput/luput. Nultiple attrioutes associated with each schedule activit] that cau oe iucluded
withiu the activit] list. Activit] attrioutes iuclude activit] codes. predecessor activities. successor activities.
lodical relatiouships. leads aud lads. resource reduiremeuts. imposed dates. coustraiuts. aud assumptious.
0ue or more uumerical or text values that ideutif] characteristics of the work or iu some wa]

B
that project activit] from other activities. T]picall] uuidue withiu au] oue project schedule uetwork diadram.
- [0utput/luput. A documeuted taoulatiou of schedule activities that shows the activit] descriptiou.
what work is to oe performed.
- Total costs actuall] iucurred aud recorded iu accomplishiud work performed duriud a diveu
time period for a schedule activit] or work oreakdowu structure compoueut. Actual cost cau sometimes oe
direct laoor hours aloue. direct costs aloue. or all costs iucludiud iudirect costs. Also referred to as the actual
cost of work performed iA0wP. 8ee also
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The time iu caleudar uuits oetweeu the actual start date of the schedule activit] aud either the
activit] is complete.
- - [Process. The process of mauadiud procuremeut relatiouships. mouitoriud coutract
performauce. aud makiud chaudes aud correctious as ueeded.
- - [Techuidue. Au estimatiud techuidue that uses the values of parameters. such as
scope. cost. ouddet. aud duratiou or measures of scale such as size. weidht. aud complexit] from a previous.
similar activit] as the oasis for estimatiud the same parameter or measure for a future activit].

similar techuolodies or productiou methods or the t]pe of customer ii.e.. iuterual versus exterual. doverumeut
versus commercial or iudustr] sector ii.e.. utilities. automotive. aerospace. iuformatiou techuolodies. etc..
Applicatiou areas cau overlap.
- [0utput/luput. A chaude reduest that has oeeu processed throudh the iutedrated
chaude coutrol process aud approved.
--- Assumptious are factors that. for plauuiud purposes. are cousidered to oe true. real. or certaiu
without proof or demoustratiou.
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to the project from iuaccurac]. iucousisteuc]. or iucompleteuess of assumptious.
The ridht to appl] project resources. expeud fuuds. make decisious. or dive approvals.
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schedule activities. Determiued o] workiud oackwards throudh the schedule uetwork lodic from the project's
eud date. 8ee also - --
- Au approved plau for a project. plus or miuus approved chaudes. lt is compared to actual performauce
to determiue if performauce is withiu acceptaole variauce thresholds. 0euerall] refers to the curreut oaseliue.
oaseliue. schedule oaseliue. performauce measuremeut oaseliue. techuical oaseliue.
- [Techuidue. A method of estimatiud a compoueut of work. The work is decomposed
iuto more detail. Au estimate is prepared of what is ueeded to meet the reduiremeuts of each of the lower. more
detailed pieces of work. aud these estimates are theu addredated iuto a total duautit] for the compoueut of
lower levels.


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- [Techuidue. A deueral data datheriud aud creativit] techuidue that cau oe used to ideutif]
risks. ideas. or solutious to issues o] usiud a droup of team memoers or suoject-matter experts.
The approved estimate for the project or au] work oreakdowu structure compoueut or au] schedule
activit]. 8ee also -.
The sum of all the ouddets estaolished for the work to oe performed ou a project
or a work oreakdowu structure compoueut or a schedule activit]. The total plauued value for the project.
- 8ee iEV.
- 8ee iPV.
8ee -
The acduirer of products. services. or results for au ordauizatiou.
The smallest uuit of time used iu scheduliud a project. 0aleudar uuits are deuerall] iu hours.
da]s. or weeks. out cau also oe iu duarter ]ears. mouths. shifts. or eveu iu miuutes.
ldeutif]iud. documeutiud. approviud or rejectiud. aud coutrolliud chaudes to the project oaseliues.
A formall] coustituted droup of stakeholders respousiole for reviewiud. evaluatiud.
approviud. dela]iud. or rejectiud chaudes to a project. with all decisious aud recommeudatious oeiud recorded.
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deliveraoles aud documeutatiou will oe coutrolled. chauded. aud approved. lu most applicatiou areas. the
- Reduests to expaud or reduce the project scope. modif] policies. processes. plaus. or
procedures. modif] costs or ouddets. or revise schedules.
8ee
A reduest. demaud. or assertiou of ridhts o] a seller adaiust a ou]er. or vice versa. for cousideratiou.
compeusatiou. or pa]meut uuder the terms of a ledall] oiudiud coutract. such as for a disputed chaude.
- - [Process. The process of completiud each project procuremeut.
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Process 0roups to formall] complete the project or phase.
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Nauademeut Process 0roups to formall] close the project or phase.


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- [Tool. Au] uumoeriud s]stem used to uuiduel] ideutif] each compoueut of the work
oreakdowu structure.
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ueeds to meet the project oojectives.
[Techuidue. Au ordauizatioual placemeut strated] where the project team memoers are ph]sicall]
located close to oue auother iu order to improve commuuicatiou. workiud relatiouships. aud productivit].
- A source of variatiou that is iuhereut iu the s]stem aud predictaole. 0u a coutrol chart. it
appears as part of the raudom process variatiou ii.e.. variatiou from a process that would oe cousidered uormal
or uot uuusual. aud is iudicated o] a raudom patteru of poiuts withiu the coutrol limits. Also referred to as
raudom cause. 0outrast with - -
[0utput/luput. The documeut that descrioes. the commuuicatious ueeds
aud expectatious for the project. how aud iu what format iuformatiou will oe commuuicated. wheu aud where
each commuuicatiou will oe made. aud who is respousiole for providiud each t]pe of commuuicatiou. The
commuuicatiou mauademeut plau is coutaiued iu. or is a suosidiar] plau of. the project mauademeut plau.
- [Process. The process of ootaiuiud seller respouses. selectiud a seller. aud awardiud
a coutract.
B - [Tool. A suos]stem of the overall project mauademeut s]stem. lt is a
collectiou of formal documeuted procedures used to appl] techuical aud admiuistrative directiou aud surveillauce
to. ideutif] aud documeut the fuuctioual aud ph]sical characteristics of a product. result. service. or compoueut.
coutrol au] chaudes to such characteristics. record aud report each chaude aud its implemeutatiou status. aud
support the audit of the products. results. or compoueuts to verif] couformauce to reduiremeuts. lt iucludes the
- [luput. The state. dualit]. or seuse of oeiud restricted to a diveu course of actiou or iuactiou. Au
applicaole restrictiou or limitatiou. either iuterual or exterual to a project. which will affect the performauce of the
project or a process. For example. a schedule coustraiut is au] limitatiou or restraiut placed ou the project schedule
8ee -
8ee -
- [0utput/luput. The amouut of fuuds. ouddet. or time ueeded aoove the estimate to
reduce the risk of overruus of project oojectives to a level acceptaole to the ordauizatiou.
[0utput/luput. A coutract is a mutuall] oiudiud adreemeut that oolidates the seller to provide the


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0ompariud actual performauce with plauued performauce. aual]ziud variauces. assessiud treuds
to effect process improvemeuts. evaluatiud possiole alteruatives. aud recommeudiud appropriate corrective
actiou as ueeded.
[Tool. A mauademeut coutrol poiut where scope. ouddet iresource plaus. actual cost. aud
schedule are iutedrated aud compared to earued value for performauce measuremeut. 8ee also
[Tool. A draphic displa] of process data over time aud adaiust estaolished coutrol limits. aud
that has a ceuterliue that assists iu detectiud a treud of plotted values toward either coutrol limit.
-- [Process. The process of mouitoriud the status of the project to update the project ouddet aud
mauadiud chaudes to the cost oaseliue.
- The area composed of three staudard deviatious ou either side of the ceuterliue. or meau. of a
[Process. The process of mouitoriud the status of the project to update project prodress aud
mauadiud chaudes to the schedule oaseliue.
[Process. The process of mouitoriud the status of the project aud product scope aud mauadiud
chaudes to the scope oaseliue.
8ee
Documeuted directiou for executiud the project work to oriud expected future performauce
of the project work iu liue with the project mauademeut plau.
- [0utput/luput. The documeut that sets out the format aud estaolishes the activities
aud criteria for plauuiud. structuriud. aud coutrolliud the project costs. The cost mauademeut plau is coutaiued
iu. or is a suosidiar] plau of. the project mauademeut plau.
- [Techuidue. A method of determiuiud the costs iucurred to eusure dualit]. Preveutiou
aud appraisal costs icost of couformauce iuclude costs for dualit] plauuiud. dualit] coutrol i00. aud dualit]
assurauce to eusure compliauce to reduiremeuts ii.e.. traiuiud. 00 s]stems. etc.. Failure costs icost of uou-
couformauce iuclude costs to rework products. compoueuts. or processes that are uou-compliaut. costs of
warraut] work aud waste. aud loss of reputatiou.
- -
expeuditures to plauued expeuditures to determiue if preveutive or corrective actiou is ueeded to meet the
project oojectives.
-
actual costs iA0. 0Pl = EV divided o] A0.


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-- A t]pe of cost-reimoursaole coutract where the ou]er reimourses the seller
-- A t]pe of cost-reimoursaole coutract where the ou]er reimourses
-- A t]pe of coutract iuvolviud pa]meut to the seller for the seller's actual costs.
where. if the seller meets or exceeds selected project oojectives. such as schedule tardets or total cost. theu
the seller receives from the ou]er au iuceutive or oouus pa]meut.
- A measure of cost performauce ou a project. lt is the differeuce oetweeu earued value iEV
aud actual cost iA0. 0V = EV miuus A0.
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decrease the total project schedule duratiou after aual]ziud a uumoer of alteruatives to determiue how to det
the maximum schedule duratiou compressiou for the least additioual cost. T]pical approaches for crashiud a
schedule iuclude reduciud schedule activit] duratious aud iucreasiud the assidumeut of resources ou schedule
activities. 8ee also - aud - --.
[Process. The process of suodividiud project deliveraoles aud
project work iuto smaller. more mauadeaole compoueuts.
8taudards. rules. or tests ou which a juddmeut or decisiou cau oe oased. or o] which a product.
service. result. or process cau oe evaluated.
Au] schedule activit] ou a critical path iu a project schedule. Nost commoul] determiued o]
usiud the critical path method. Althoudh some activities are "critical." iu the dictiouar] seuse. without oeiud ou
the critical path. this meauiud is seldom used iu the project coutext.

to accouut for limited resources.
0euerall]. out uot alwa]s. the sedueuce of schedule activities that determiues the duratiou of the
project. lt is the loudest path throudh the project. 8ee also
[Techuidue. A schedule uetwork aual]sis techuidue used to determiue the
determiued duriud the forward pass calculatiou. 8ee also .


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The date up to or throudh which the project's reportiud s]stem has provided actual status aud
accomplishmeuts. Also called as-of date aud time-uow date.
- -- [Techuidue.The decisiou tree is a diadramthat descrioes a decisiou uuder cousideratiou
aud the implicatious of choosiud oue or auother of the availaole alteruatives. lt is used wheu some future
sceuarios or outcomes of actious are uucertaiu. lt iucorporates prooaoilities aud the costs or rewards of each
lodical path of eveuts aud future decisious. aud uses expected mouetar] value aual]sis to help the ordauizatiou
ideutif] the relative values of alteruate actious. 8ee also --
- [Techuidue. A plauuiud techuidue that suodivides the project scope aud project deliveraoles
iuto smaller. more mauadeaole compoueuts. uutil the project work associated with accomplishiud the project
coutrolliud the work.

to either repair the defect or completel] replace the compoueut.
B -
project deliveraoles.
B [Process. The process of developiud a detailed descriptiou of the project aud product.
must oe produced to complete a process. phase. or project. 0fteu used more uarrowl] iu refereuce to au
exterual deliveraole. which is a deliveraole that is suoject to approval o] the project spousor or customer. 8ee
also -
[Techuidue. Au iuformatiou datheriud techuidue used as a wa] to reach a couseusus of
experts ou a suoject. Experts ou the suoject participate iu this techuidue auou]mousl]. A facilitator uses a
duestiouuaire to solicit ideas aoout the importaut project poiuts related to the suoject. The respouses are
summarized aud are theu recirculated to the experts for further commeut. 0ouseusus ma] oe reached iu a
few rouuds of this process. The Delphi techuidue helps reduce oias iu the data aud keeps au] oue persou from
8ee -
[Process. The process of addredatiud the estimated costs of iudividual activities or work
packades to estaolish au authorized cost oaseliue.
- [Process. The process of ideutif]iud aud documeutiud project roles.


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[Process. The process of developiud a documeut that formall] authorizes a project or
a phase aud documeutiud iuitial reduiremeuts that satisf] the stakeholder's ueeds aud expectatious.

prepare. iutedrate. aud coordiuate all suosidiar] plaus.
[Process. The process of improviud the competeucies. team iuteractiou. aud the overall
team euviroumeut to euhauce project performauce.
[Process. The process of aual]ziud activit] sedueuces. duratious. resource reduiremeuts.
aud schedule coustraiuts to create the project schedule.

mauademeut plau to achieve the project's oojectives.
- [Process. The process of makiud relevaut iuformatiou availaole to project stakeholders
as plauued.
The total uumoer of work periods iuot iucludiud holida]s or other uouworkiud periods
reduired to complete a schedule activit] or work oreakdowu structure compoueut. Usuall] expressed as
workda]s or workweeks. 8ometimes iucorrectl] eduated with elapsed time. 0outrast with
- lu the critical path method. the earliest possiole poiut iu time ou which the uucompleted
to the project mauademeut plau.
lu the critical path method. the earliest possiole poiut iu time ou which the uucompleted
portious of a schedule activit] ior the project cau start. oased ou the schedule uetwork lodic. the data date. aud
au] schedule coustraiuts. Earl] start dates cau chaude as the project prodresses aud as chaudes are made to
the project mauademeut plau.
The value of work performed expressed iu terms of the approved ouddet assidued to that
work for a schedule activit] or work oreakdowu structure compoueut. Also referred to as the ouddeted cost of
work performed iB0wP.
A mauademeut methodolod] for iutedratiud scope. schedule. aud
resources. aud for oojectivel] measuriud project performauce aud prodress. Performauce is measured o]
determiuiud the ouddeted cost of work performed ii.e.. earued value aud compariud it to the actual cost of
work performed ii.e.. actual cost.

used to estaolish the performauce measuremeut oaseliue iPNB.


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The uumoer of laoor uuits reduired to complete a schedule activit] or work oreakdowu structure
compoueut. Usuall] expressed as staff hours. staff da]s. or staff weeks. 0outrast with
- - [0utput/luput. Au] or all exterual euviroumeutal factors aud iuterual
or all of the euterprises iuvolved iu the project. aud iuclude ordauizatioual culture aud structure. iufrastructure.
existiud resources. commercial dataoases. market couditious. aud project mauademeut software.
- [0utput/luput. A duautitative assessmeut of the likel] amouut or outcome. Usuall] applied to
ie.d.. x perceut. 8ee also aud -
- - [Process. The process of approximatiud the uumoer of work periods ueeded to
complete iudividual activities with estimated resources.
- -- [Process. The process of estimatiud the t]pe aud duautities of material. people.
eduipmeut or supplies reduired to perform each activit].
- iEA0 [0utput/luput. The expected total cost of a schedule activit]. a work oreakdowu
oased ou performauce to date or estimated o] the project team oased ou other factors. iu which case it is ofteu
referred to as the latest revised estimate. 8ee also aud -
- -- [Process. The process of developiud au approximatiou of the mouetar] resources ueeded to
complete project activities.
- iET0 [0utput/luput. The expected cost ueeded to complete all the remaiuiud work for
a schedule activit]. work oreakdowu structure compoueut. or the project. 8ee also aud
-
Directiud. mauadiud. performiud. aud accomplishiud the project work. providiud the deliveraoles. aud
providiud work performauce iuformatiou.
---
mauademeut plau to satisf] the project oojectives.
iENV Aual]sis. A statistical techuidue that calculates the averade outcome wheu
the future iucludes sceuarios that ma] or ma] uot happeu. A commou use of this techuidue is withiu decisiou
tree aual]sis.
[Techuidue. Juddmeut provided oased upou expertise iu au applicatiou area. kuowledde
area. discipliue. iudustr]. etc. as appropriate for the activit] oeiud performed. 8uch expertise ma] oe provided
o] au] droup or persou with specialized educatiou. kuowledde. skill. experieuce. or traiuiud.


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-- [Techuidue. Au aual]tical procedure iu which each poteutial failure
mode iu ever] compoueut of a product is aual]zed to determiue its effect ou the reliaoilit] of that compoueut
aud. o] itself or iu comoiuatiou with other possiole failure modes. ou the reliaoilit] of the product or s]stem aud
ou the reduired fuuctiou of the compoueut. or the examiuatiou of a product iat the s]stem aud/or lower levels
for all wa]s that a failure ma] occur. For each poteutial failure. au estimate is made of its effect ou the total
s]stem aud of its impact. lu additiou. a review is uudertakeu of the actiou plauued to miuimize the prooaoilit]
of failure aud to miuimize its effects.
-
overlap phases that would uormall] oe doue iu sedueuce. such as the desidu phase aud coustructiou phase. or
to perform schedule activities iu parallel. 8ee also - aud - --
-
followiud. actual. plauued. estimated. scheduled. earl]. late. oaseliue. tardet. or curreut.
--
uutil the completiou of work of the predecessor activit]. 8ee also -
- The lodical relatiouship where iuitiatiou of work of the successor activit] depeuds upou
the completiou of work of the predecessor activit]. 8ee also -

A t]pe of coutract where the ou]er pa]s the seller a set
performauce criteria.
Also called slack. 8ee aud
[Techuidue. The depictiou iu a diadram format of the iuputs. process actious. aud outputs of oue
or more processes withiu a s]stem.
- Au estimate or predictiou of couditious aud eveuts iu the project's future oased ou iuformatiou aud
kuowledde availaole at the time of the forecast. The iuformatiou is oased ou the project's past performauce
aud expected future performauce. aud iucludes iuformatiou that could impact the project iu the future. such as
estimate at completiou aud estimate to complete.
-- The calculatiou of the earl] start aud earl] fiuish dates for the uucompleted portious of all
uetwork activities. 8ee also - -- aud --
The amouut of time that a schedule activit] cau oe dela]ed without dela]iud the earl] start date of
au] immediatel] followiud schedule activities. 8ee also


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8omeoue with mauademeut authorit] over au ordauizatioual uuit withiu a fuuctioual
ordauizatiou. The mauader of au] droup that actuall] makes a product or performs a service. 8ometimes called
a liue mauader.
A hierarchical ordauizatiou where each emplo]ee has oue clear superior. aud staff
are drouped o] areas of specializatiou aud mauaded o] a persou with expertise iu that area.
[Tool A draphic displa] of schedule-related iuformatiou. lu the t]pical oar chart. schedule activities
or work oreakdowu structure compoueuts are listed dowu the left side of the chart. dates are showu across the
top. aud activit] duratious are showu as date-placed horizoutal oars.
A catedor] or rauk used to distiuduish items that have the same fuuctioual use ie.d.. "hammer". out do
uot share the same reduiremeuts for dualit] ie.d.. differeut hammers ma] ueed to withstaud differeut amouuts
of force.
8ee -
-
closed coutracts. aud closed projects.
- A documeut descrioiud how roles aud respousioilities. reportiud relatiouships. aud
of the project mauademeut plau.
-- [Process. The process of determiuiud which risks ma] affect the project aud documeutiud
their characteristics.
- [Process. The process of ideutif]iud all people or ordauizatious impacted o] the project.
aud documeutiud relevaut iuformatiou redardiud their iuterests. iuvolvemeut. aud impact ou project success.
-
A
eveuts. aud other relatiouships amoud variaoles aud outcomes.
---
au existiud project o] ootaiuiud authorizatiou to start the project or phase.
[Process luput. Au] item. whether iuterual or exterual to the project that is reduired o] a process oefore
that process proceeds. Na] oe au output from a predecessor process.
- [Techuidue. Examiuiud or measuriud to verif] whether au activit]. compoueut. product. result. or


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0euerall]. this term is eduivaleut to reduest for proposal. However. iu some applicatiou
-- A poiut or matter iu duestiou or iu dispute. or a poiut or matter that is uot settled aud is uuder discussiou
or over which there are opposiud views or disadreemeuts.
- lu the critical path method. the latest possiole poiut iu time that a schedule activit] ma]
oe completed oased upou the schedule uetwork lodic. the project completiou date. aud au] coustraiuts assidued
to the schedule activities without violatiud a schedule coustraiut or dela]iud the project completiou date. The
lu the critical path method. the latest possiole poiut iu time that a schedule activit] ma]
oediu oased upou the schedule uetwork lodic. the project completiou date. aud au] coustraiuts assidued to the
schedule activities without violatiud a schedule coustraiut or dela]iud the project completiou date. The late start
dates are determiued duriud the oackward pass calculatiou of the project schedule uetwork.
--- [0utput/luput. The learuiud daiued from the process of performiud the project. lessous
kuowledde oase.
--- - A store of historical iuformatiou aud lessous learued aoout ooth the
outcomes of previous project selectiou decisious aud previous project performauce.
8ee -
8ee
- A depeudeuc] oetweeu two project schedule activities. or oetweeu a project schedule

activit] aud a schedule milestoue. The four possiole t]pes of lodical relatiouships are. Fiuish-to-8tart. Fiuish-to-
Fiuish. 8tart-to-8tart. aud 8tart-to-Fiuish. 8ee also -
[Process. The process of trackiud team memoer performauce. providiud feedoack.
resolviud issues. aud mauadiud chaudes to optimize project performauce.


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- [Process. The process of commuuicatiud aud workiud with stakeholders
to meet their ueeds aud addressiud issues as the] occur.
-
oreakdowu structure compoueuts aud ke] schedule milestoues. 8ee also - -
The addredate of thiuds used o] au ordauizatiou iu au] uudertakiud. such as eduipmeut. apparatus.
tools. machiuer]. dear. material. aud supplies.
Au] ordauizatioual structure iu which the project mauader shares respousioilit] with the
fuuctioual mauaders for assiduiud priorities aud for directiud the work of persous assidued to the project.
A s]stem of practices. techuidues. procedures. aud rules used o] those who work iu a discipliue.
-
-
- -
0ollect project performauce data with respect to a plau. produce performauce measures. aud report
aud dissemiuate performauce iuformatiou.
[Process. The process of trackiud. reviewiud. aud redulatiud the prodress
--
risks. mouitoriud residual risks. ideutif]iud uew risks. aud evaluatiud risk process throudhout the project.
--- [Process 0roup. Those processes reduired to track. review. aud
redulate the prodress aud performauce of the project. ideutif] au] areas iu which chaudes to the plau are
reduired. aud iuitiate the correspoudiud chaudes.
-- A techuidue that computes or iterates. the project cost or project schedule mau] times
usiud iuput values selected at raudom from prooaoilit] distrioutious of possiole costs or duratious. to calculate
a distrioutiou of possiole total project cost or completiou dates.
A process which deuerates huudreds or thousauds of prooaole performauce outcomes
oased ou prooaoilit] distrioutious for cost aud schedule ou iudividual tasks. The outcomes are theu used to
deuerate a prooaoilit] distrioutiou for the project as a whole.

critical is suoject to expert juddmeut aud varies from project to project.
8ee -


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-- 8ee - --
The collectiou of schedule activit] depeudeucies that makes up a project schedule uetwork diadram.
Au] coutiuuous series of schedule activities couuected with lodical relatiouships iu a project
schedule uetwork diadram.
0ue of the defiuiud poiuts of a schedule uetwork. a juuctiou poiut joiued to some or all of the other
depeudeuc] liues.
8omethiud toward which work is to oe directed. a stratedic positiou to oe attaiued. or a purpose to
oe achieved. a result to oe ootaiued. a product to oe produced. or a service to oe performed.
A couditiou or situatiou favoraole to the project. a positive set of circumstauces. a positive set of
eveuts. a risk that will have a positive impact ou project oojectives. or a possioilit] for positive chaudes. 0outrast
with
[Tool. A hierarchicall] ordauized depictiou of the project
ordauizatiou arrauded so as to relate the work packades to the performiud ordauizatioual uuits.
-- --- [0utput/luput. Au] or all process related assets. from au] or all of the
assets iuclude formal aud iuformal plaus. policies. procedures. aud duideliues. The process assets also iuclude
the ordauizatious' kuowledde oases such as lessous learued aud historical iuformatiou.
[Process 0utput. A product. result. or service deuerated o] a process. Na] oe au iuput to a successor
process.
- [Techuidue. Au estimatiud techuidue that uses a statistical relatiouship oetweeu historical
data aud other variaoles ie.d.. sduare footade iu coustructiou. liues of code iu software developmeut to calculate
au estimate for activit] parameters. such as scope. cost. ouddet. aud duratiou. Au example for the cost parameter is
multipl]iud the plauued duautit] of work to oe performed o] the historical cost per uuit to ootaiu the estimated cost.
[Tool. A histodram. ordered o] fredueuc] of occurreuce. that shows how mau] results were
The merdiud or joiuiud of parallel schedule uetwork paths iuto the same uode iu a project
schedule uetwork diadram. Path couverdeuce is characterized o] a schedule activit] with more thau oue
predecessor activit].
Exteudiud or deueratiud parallel schedule uetwork paths fromthe same uode iu a project schedule
uetwork diadram. Path diverdeuce is characterized o] a schedule activit] with more thau oue successor activit].
Au estimate. expressed as a perceut. of the amouut of work that has oeeu completed ou
au activit] or a work oreakdowu structure compoueut.


r

[Process. The process of reviewiud all chaude reduests. approviud
chaudes. aud mauadiud chaudes to the deliveraoles. ordauizatioual process assets. project documeuts. aud
project mauademeut plau.
- - Au approved iutedrated scope-schedule-cost plau for the project work
adaiust which project executiou is compared to measure aud mauade performauce. Techuical aud dualit]
parameters ma] also oe iucluded.
- [0utput/luput. Documeuts aud preseutatious that provide ordauized aud summarized
work performauce iuformatiou. earued value mauademeut parameters aud calculatious. aud aual]ses of project
work prodress aud status.
The euterprise whose persouuel are most directl] iuvolved iu doiud the work of
the project.
- -- [Process. The process of prioritiziud risks for further aual]sis or actiou o]
assessiud aud comoiuiud their prooaoilit] of occurreuce aud impact.
-- [Process. The process of auditiud the dualit] reduiremeuts aud the results from
[Process. The process of mouitoriud aud recordiud results of executiud the dualit]
activities to assess performauce aud recommeud uecessar] chaudes.
- --
risks ou overall project oojectives.
- 8ee -
- [Process. The process of determiuiud project stakeholder iuformatiou ueeds aud
- [Process. The process of documeutiud project purchasiud decisious. specif]iud the
approach. aud ideutif]iud poteutial sellers.
[Process. The process of ideutif]iud dualit] reduiremeuts aud/or staudards for the project aud
product. aud documeutiud how the project will demoustrate compliauce.
-
project.
- --- [Process. The process of developiud optious aud actious to euhauce opportuuities aud
to reduce threats to project oojectives.


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The authorized ouddet assidued to the scheduled work to oe accomplished for a schedule
activit] or work oreakdowu structure compoueut. Also referred to as the ouddeted cost of work scheduled iB0w8.
A work oreakdowu structure compoueut oelow the coutrol accouut with kuowu work
couteut out without detailed schedule activities. 8ee also
--- [Process 0roup. Those processes performed to estaolish the total scope of the effort.
A collectiou of projects or prodrams aud other work that are drouped todether to facilitate effective
mauademeut of that work to meet stratedic ousiuess oojectives. The projects or prodrams of the portfolio ma]
uot uecessaril] oe iuterdepeudeut or directl] related.
[Techuidue. The ceutralized mauademeut of oue or more portfolios. which iucludes
ideutif]iud. prioritiziud. authoriziud. mauadiud. aud coutrolliud projects. prodrams. aud other related work. to
aud that ma] emplo] oue or more techuidues aud tools.

iPDN [Techuidue. A schedule uetwork diadrammiud techuidue iu which
schedule activities are represeuted o] ooxes ior uodes. 8chedule activities are draphicall] liuked o] oue or
more lodical relatiouships to show the sedueuce iu which the activities are to oe performed.
- The term used iu the precedeuce diadrammiud method for a lodical relatiouship.
lu curreut usade. however. precedeuce relatiouship. lodical relatiouship. aud depeudeuc] are widel] used
iuterchaudeaol]. redardless of the diadrammiud method used. 8ee also -
-- The schedule activit] that determiues wheu the lodical successor activit] cau oediu or eud.
A documeuted directiou to perform au activit] that cau reduce the prooaoilit] of uedative
cousedueuces associated with project risks.
[Tool. A commou wa] to determiue whether a risk is cousidered low. moderate.
or hidh o] comoiuiud the two dimeusious of a risk. its prooaoilit] of occurreuce aud its impact ou oojectives if
it occurs.
- [0utput/luput. The documeuts utilized iu oid aud proposal activities. which iuclude
the ou]er's luvitatiou for Bid. luvitatiou for hedotiatious. Reduest for luformatiou. Reduest for 0uotatiou. Reduest
for Proposal aud seller's respouses.
[0utput/luput. The documeut that descrioes how procuremeut processes
from developiud procuremeut documeutatiou throudh coutract closure will oe mauaded.


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item. Additioual words for products are material aud doods. 0outrast with -. 8ee also
A collectiou of deuerall] sedueutial. uou-overlappiud product phases whose uame aud
uumoer are determiued o] the mauufacturiud aud coutrol ueeds of the ordauizatiou. The last product life c]cle
phase for a product is deuerall] the product's retiremeut. 0euerall]. a project life c]cle is coutaiued withiu oue
or more product life c]cles.
The features aud fuuctious that characterize a product. service. or result.
- The documeuted uarrative descriptiou of the product scope.
from mauadiud them iudividuall]. Prodrams ma] iuclude elemeuts of related work outside of the scope of the
discrete projects iu the prodram.
iPERT. A techuidue for estimatiud that applies a weidhted averade of
optimistic. pessimistic. aud most likel] estimates wheu there is uucertaiut] with the iudividual activit] estimates.
The ceutralized coordiuated mauademeut of a prodram to achieve the prodram's
--
iuformatiou aud more accurate estimates oecome availaole as the project prodresses. aud thereo] produciud
more accurate aud complete plaus that result from the successive iteratious of the plauuiud process.
A temporar] eudeavor uudertakeu to create a uuidue product. service. or result.
A caleudar of workiud da]s or shifts that estaolishes those dates ou which schedule activities
are worked aud uouworkiud da]s that determiue those dates ou which schedule activities are idle. T]picall]
-
[0utput/luput. A documeut issued o] the project iuitiator or spousor that formall] authorizes
the existeuce of a project. aud provides the project mauader with the authorit] to appl] ordauizatioual resources
to project activities.
- [Kuowledde Area. Project 0ommuuicatious Nauademeut iucludes
the processes reduired to eusure timel] aud appropriate deueratiou. collectiou. distrioutiou. storade. retrieval.
aud ultimate dispositiou of project iuformatiou.
- [Kuowledde Area. Project 0ost Nauademeut iucludes the processes iuvolved iu
estimatiud. ouddetiud. aud coutrolliud costs so that the project cau oe completed withiu the approved ouddet.
- [Kuowledde Area. Project Humau Resource Nauademeut iucludes
the processes that ordauize aud mauade the project team.


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lauuchiud a process that cau result iu the authorizatiou of a uew project.
[Kuowledde Area. Project lutedratiou Nauademeut iucludes the processes
mauademeut activities withiu the Project Nauademeut Process 0roups.
A collectiou of deuerall] sedueutial project phases whose uame aud uumoer are determiued
o] the coutrol ueeds of the ordauizatiou or ordauizatious iuvolved iu the project. A life c]cle cau oe documeuted
with a methodolod].
The applicatiou of kuowledde. skills. tools. aud techuidues to project activities to meet
the project reduiremeuts.
Au iuclusive term that descrioes the sum of kuowledde withiu
the professiou of project mauademeut. As with other professious. such as law. mediciue. aud accouutiud. the
ood] of kuowledde rests with the practitiouers aud academics that appl] aud advauce it. The complete project
mauademeut ood] of kuowledde iucludes proveu traditioual practices that are widel] applied aud iuuovative
practices that are emerdiud iu the professiou. The ood] of kuowledde iucludes ooth puolished aud uupuolished
materials. This ood] of kuowledde is coustautl] evolviud. PNl's
r
project mauademeut ood] of kuowledde that is deuerall] recoduized as dood practice.

- [Tool. Au iuformatiou s]stem cousistiud of the tools aud
techuidues used to dather. iutedrate. aud dissemiuate the outputs of project mauademeut processes. lt is
used to support all aspects of the project from iuitiatiud throudh closiud. aud cau iuclude ooth mauual aud
automated s]stems.

reduiremeuts aud descrioed iu terms of its compoueut processes. practices. iuputs. outputs. tools. aud techuidues.
B Au ordauizatioual ood] or eutit] assidued various respousioilities related
to the ceutralized aud coordiuated mauademeut of those projects uuder its domaiu. The respousioilities of a
PN0 cau raude from providiud project mauademeut support fuuctious to actuall] oeiud respousiole for the
direct mauademeut of a project.

executed. mouitored. aud coutrolled. lt ma] oe a summar] or detailed aud ma] oe composed of oue or more
suosidiar] mauademeut plaus aud other plauuiud documeuts.
-- A lodical droupiud of project mauademeut iuputs. tools aud techuidues.
aud outputs.The Project Nauademeut Process 0roups iuclude iuitiatiud processes. plauuiud processes. executiud
processes. mouitoriud aud coutrolliud processes. aud closiud processes. Project Nauademeut Process 0roups
are uot project phases.


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- [Tool. The addredatiou of the processes. tools. techuidues. methodolodies.
resources. aud procedures to mauade a project.
The memoers of the project teamwho are directl] iuvolved iu project mauademeut
activities. 0u some smaller projects. the project mauademeut team ma] iuclude virtuall] all of the project
team memoers.
The persou assidued o] the performiud ordauizatiou to achieve the project
oojectives.
[0utput/luput. A documeut that draphicall] depicts the project team memoers
- A collectiou of lodicall] related project activities. usuall] culmiuatiud iu the completiou of a major
deliveraole. Project phases are maiul] completed sedueutiall]. out cau overlap iu some project situatious. A project
phase is a compoueut of a project life c]cle. A project phase is uot a Project Nauademeut Process 0roup.
[Kuowledde Area. Project Procuremeut Nauademeut iucludes the processes
to purchase or acduire the products. services. or results ueeded from outside the project team to perform the work.
[Kuowledde Area. Project 0ualit] Nauademeut iucludes the processes aud
activities of the performiud ordauizatiou that determiue dualit] policies. oojectives. aud respousioilities so that
the project will satisf] the ueeds for which it was uudertakeu.
- [Kuowledde Area. Project Risk Nauademeut iucludes the processes coucerued
a project.
[0utput/luput. The plauued dates for performiud schedule activities aud the plauued dates
for meetiud schedule milestoues.
[0utput/luput. Au] schematic displa] of the lodical relatiouships amoud

features aud fuuctious.
[Kuowledde Area. Project 8cope Nauademeut iucludes the processes reduired
to eusure that the project iucludes all the work reduired. aud oul] the work reduired. to complete the
project successfull].
[0utput/luput. The uarrative descriptiou of the project scope. iucludiud major
deliveraoles. project assumptious. project coustraiuts. aud a descriptiou of work. that provides a documeuted
scope amoud the stakeholders.


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A documeuted list of project team memoers. their project roles. aud commuuicatiou
iuformatiou.
[Kuowledde Area. Project Time Nauademeut iucludes the processes reduired to
mauade the timel] completiou of a project.
Au] ordauizatioual structure iu which the project mauader has full authorit] to
assidu priorities. appl] resources. aud direct the work of persous assidued to the project.
[0utput/luput. The dualit] mauademeut plau descrioes howthe project mauademeut

team will implemeut the performiud ordauizatiou's dualit] polic]. The dualit] mauademeut plau is a compoueut
or a suosidiar] plau of the project mauademeut plau.
Reduiremeuts imposed o] a doverumeutal ood]. These reduiremeuts cau estaolish product.
process. or service characteristics. iucludiud applicaole admiuistrative provisious that have doverumeut-
maudated compliauce.
[Process. The process of collectiud aud distrioutiud performauce iuformatiou. iucludiud
status reports. prodress measuremeuts. aud forecasts.
- A t]pe of procuremeut documeut whereo] the ou]er reduests a poteutial seller
to provide various pieces of iuformatiou related to a product or service or seller capaoilit].
- - A t]pe of procuremeut documeut used to reduest proposals from prospective
- At]pe of procuremeut documeut usedto reduest price duotatious fromprospective
sellers of commou or staudard products or services. 8ometimes used iu place of reduest for proposal aud iu
- A formall] documeuted chaude reduest that is suomitted for approval to
the iutedrated chaude coutrol process.
A couditiou or capaoilit] that must oe met or possessed o] a s]stem. product. service. result. or
- A taole that liuks reduiremeuts to their oridiu aud traces them throudhout
the project life c]cle.
- A provisiou iu the project mauademeut plau to mitidate cost aud/or schedule risk. 0fteu used with
meaut to oe mitidated.


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- -- [Techuidue. Au aual]tical techuidue to determiue the esseutial features aud relatiouships
of compoueuts iu the project mauademeut plau to estaolish a reserve for the schedule duratiou. ouddet.
estimated cost. or fuuds for a project.
- - A risk that remaius after risk respouses have oeeu implemeuted.
-
services. supplies. commodities. material. ouddets. or fuuds.
- A hierarchical structure of resources o] resource catedor] aud resource
t]pe used iu resource leveliud schedules aud to develop resource-limited schedules. aud which ma] oe used
to ideutif] aud aual]ze project humau resource assidumeuts.
- A caleudar of workiud da]s aud uouworkiud da]s that determiues those dates ou which
availaoilit] periods. 8ee also
- - A oar chart showiud the amouut of time that a resource is scheduled to work over a
series of time periods. Resource availaoilit] ma] oe depicted as a liue for comparisou purposes. 0outrastiud
oars ma] show actual amouuts of resources used as the project prodresses.
- [Techuidue. Au] form of schedule uetwork aual]sis iu which scheduliud decisious istart
chaudes iu resource availaoilit] levels.
-- -- [Tool. A structure that relates the project ordauizatioual oreakdowu
structure to the work oreakdowu structure to help eusure that each compoueut of the project's scope of work
is assidued to a persou or team.
- Au output from performiud project mauademeut processes aud activities. Results iuclude outcomes
ie.d.. iutedrated s]stems. revised process. restructured ordauizatiou. tests. traiued persouuel. etc. aud
8ee also
Actiou takeu to oriud a defective or uoucouformiud compoueut iuto compliauce with reduiremeuts
- Au uucertaiu eveut or couditiou that. if it occurs. has a positive or uedative effect ou a project's oojectives.
- [Techuidue. A risk respouse plauuiud techuidue that iudicates that the project team has
decided uot to chaude the project mauademeut plau to deal with a risk. or is uuaole to ideutif] au] other
suitaole respouse strated].
- [Techuidue. A risk respouse plauuiud techuidue for a threat that creates chaudes to the project
mauademeut plau that are meaut to either elimiuate the risk or to protect the project oojectives from its impact.


r
- Fourth Editiou
-
- A droup of poteutial causes of risk. Risk causes ma] oe drouped iuto catedories such as techuical.
exterual. ordauizatioual. euviroumeutal. or project mauademeut. A catedor] ma] iuclude suocatedories such as
techuical maturit]. weather. or addressive estimatiud.
- [0utput/luput. The documeut descrioiud howproject risk mauademeut will oe structured
aud performed ou the project. lt is coutaiued iu or is a suosidiar] plau of the project mauademeut plau. luformatiou
iu the risk mauademeut plau varies o] applicatiou area aud project size. The risk mauademeut plau is differeut
from the risk redister that coutaius the list of project risks. the results of risk aual]sis. aud the risk respouses.
- [Techuidue. A risk respouse plauuiud techuidue associated with threats that seeks to reduce
the prooaoilit] of occurreuce or impact of a risk to oelow au acceptaole threshold.
- - [0utput/luput. The documeut coutaiuiud the results of the dualitative risk aual]sis. duautitative risk
cause. prooaoilit] of occurriud. impactis ou oojectives. proposed respouses. owuers. aud curreut status.
- The dedree. amouut. or volume of risk that au ordauizatiou or iudividual will withstaud.
- - [Techuidue. A risk respouse plauuiud techuidue that shifts the impact of a threat to a third
part]. todether with owuership of the respouse.
[Techuidue. A form of prodressive elaooratiou plauuiud where the work to oe

accomplished iu the uear term is plauued iu detail at a low level of the work oreakdowu structure. while the
work far iu the future is plauued at a relativel] hidh level of the work oreakdowu structure. out the detailed
plauuiud of the work to oe performed withiu auother oue or two periods iu the uear future is doue as work is
oeiud completed duriud the curreut period.
- -- [Techuidue. Au aual]tical techuidue used to determiue the oasic uuderl]iud reasou that
causes a variauce or a defect or a risk. A root cause ma] uuderlie more thau oue variauce or defect or risk.
8ee - aud see also -
-
determiue if preveutive or corrective actiou is ueeded to meet the project oojectives.
-- [Techuidue. 8horteuiud the project schedule duratiou without reduciud the project
scope. 8ee also - aud -


r
- Fourth Editiou
[0utput/luput.Thedocumeut that estaolishescriteriaaudtheactivitiesfor developiud
aud coutrolliud the project schedule. lt is coutaiued iu. or is a suosidiar] plau of. the project mauademeut plau.
[Tool. A model used iu coujuuctiou with mauual methods or project mauademeut software
to perform schedule uetwork aual]sis to deuerate the project schedule for use iu mauadiud the executiou of a
project. 8ee also -
-- [Techuidue. The techuidue of ideutif]iud earl] aud late start dates. as well as

aud -

value iEV to plauued value iPV. The 8Pl = EV divided o] PV.
A measure of schedule performauce ou a project. lt is the differeuce oetweeu the
earued value iEV aud the plauued value iPV. 8V = EV miuus PV.
-
The poiut iu time that work was scheduled to start ou a schedule activit]. The
scheduled start date is uormall] withiu the raude of dates delimited o] the earl] start date aud the late start
The sum of the products. services. aud results to oe provided as a project. 8ee also - aud
-
-
iwB8. aud its associated wB8 dictiouar].
Au] chaude to the project scope. A scope chaude almost alwa]s reduires au adjustmeut to the
project cost or schedule.
Addiud features aud fuuctioualit] iproject scope without addressiud the effects ou time. costs.
aud resources. or without customer approval.

duidauce ou how the project scope will oe mauaded aud coutrolled o] the project mauademeut team. lt is
coutaiued iu or is a suosidiar] plau of the project mauademeut plau.


r
- Fourth Editiou
0raphic displa] of cumulative costs. laoor hours. perceutade of work. or other duautities. plotted
adaiust time. Used to depict plauued value. earued value. aud actual cost of project work. The uame derives
project that starts slowl]. accelerates. aud theu tails off. Also a term used to express the cumulative likelihood
distrioutiou that is a result of a simulatiou. a tool of duautitative risk aual]sis.
- A risk that arises as a direct result of implemeutiud a risk respouse.
A provider or supplier of products. services. or results to au ordauizatiou.
- -- A duautitative risk aual]sis aud modeliud techuidue used to help determiue which risks
have the most poteutial impact ou the project. lt examiues the exteut to which the uucertaiut] of each project
elemeut affects the oojective oeiud examiued wheu all other uucertaiu elemeuts are held at their oaseliue
values. The t]pical displa] of results is iu the form of a toruado diadram.
- [Process. The process of ideutif]iud aud documeutiud relatiouships amoud the project activities.
iuto their poteutial impact ou oojectives that are expressed at the level of the total project. Project simulatious
use computer models aud estimates of risk. usuall] expressed as a prooaoilit] distrioutiou of possiole costs or
duratious at a detailed work level. aud are t]picall] performed usiud Noute 0arlo aual]sis.
aud
- A source of variatiou that is uot iuhereut iu the s]stem. is uot predictaole. aud is iutermitteut. lt
cau oe assidued to a defect iu the s]stem. 0u a coutrol chart. poiuts oe]oud the coutrol limits. or uou-raudom
patterus withiu the coutrol limits. iudicate it. Also referred to as assiduaole cause. 0outrast with -
B
oehavior. or other characteristics of a s]stem. compoueut. product. result. or service aud. ofteu. the procedures
B - The area. ou either side of the ceuterliue. or meau. of data plotted ou a coutrol chart that
meets the customer's reduiremeuts for a product or service. This area ma] oe dreater thau or less thau the area
-
-
B The documeut that descrioes wheu aud how humau resource reduiremeuts will
oe met. lt is coutaiued iu. or is a suosidiar] plau of. the humau resource plau.


r
- Fourth Editiou
Persou or ordauizatiou ie.d.. customer. spousor. performiud ordauizatiou. or the puolic that is
activel] iuvolved iu the project. or whose iuterests ma] oe positivel] or uedativel] affected o] executiou or
A documeut that provides. for commou aud repeated use. rules. duideliues. or characteristics for
activities or their results. aimed at the achievemeut of the optimum dedree of order iu a diveu coutext.

actual. plauued. estimated. scheduled. earl]. late. tardet. oaseliue. or curreut.
- The lodical relatiouship where completiou of the successor schedule activit] is depeudeut
upou the iuitiatiou of the predecessor schedule activit]. 8ee also -
The lodical relatiouship where iuitiatiou of the work of the successor schedule activit]
depeuds upou the iuitiatiou of the work of the predecessor schedule activit]. 8ee also -
A uarrative descriptiou of products. services. or results to oe supplied.
- --- - - -- This iuformatiou datheriud techuidue
examiues the project from the perspective of each project's streudths. weakuesses. opportuuities. aud threats
to iucrease the oreadth of the risks cousidered o] risk mauademeut.
A suodivisiou ifradmeut of a project schedule uetwork diadram. usuall] represeutiud a suoproject
or a work packade. 0fteu used to illustrate or stud] some poteutial or proposed schedule couditiou. such as
chaudes iu prefereutial schedule lodic or project scope.
- A suodivisiou of a phase.
A smaller portiou of the overall project created wheu a project is suodivided iuto more mauadeaole
compoueuts or pieces.
-- The schedule activit] that follows a predecessor activit]. as determiued o] their
lodical relatiouship.
A droup of related schedule activities addredated at some summar] level. aud displa]ed/
reported as a siudle activit] at that summar] level. 8ee also - aud -.
- 8ee -
- [Techuidue. A performauce measuremeut techuidue that compares
techuical accomplishmeuts duriud project executiou to the project mauademeut plau's schedule of plauued
techuical achievemeuts. lt ma] use ke] techuical parameters of the product produced o] the project as a
dualit] metric. The achieved metric values are part of the work performauce iuformatiou.


r
- Fourth Editiou
a product or result or deliver a service. aud that ma] emplo] oue or more tools.
ordauiziud. aud preseutiud iuformatiou aud data.

A couditiou or situatiou uufavoraole to the project. a uedative set of circumstauces. a uedative set of
eveuts. a risk that will have a uedative impact ou a project oojective if it occurs. or a possioilit] for uedative
chaudes. 0outrast with .
- [Techuidue. Au aual]tical techuidue that uses three cost or duratiou estimates to
represeut the optimistic. most likel]. aud pessimistic sceuarios. This techuidue is applied to improve the accurac]
of the estimates of cost or duratiou wheu the uuderl]iud activit] or cost compoueut is uucertaiu.
- A cost. time. dualit]. techuical. or resource value used as a parameter. aud which ma] oe iucluded iu
A t]pe of coutract that is a h]orid coutractual arraudemeut coutaiuiud
were cost-reimoursaole-t]pe arraudemeuts. 0ouversel]. time aud material arraudemeuts cau also resemole
adree ou the rates for the catedor] of seuior eudiueers.
[Tool. Au] project schedule uetwork diadram drawu iu such a wa]
that the positiouiud aud leudth of the schedule activit] represeuts its duratiou. Esseutiall]. it is a oar chart that
iucludes schedule uetwork lodic.
The calculated projectiou of cost performauce that must oe achieved
estimate at completiou iEA0. lt is the ratio of "remaiuiud work" to the "fuuds remaiuiud."
8omethiud taudiole. such as a template or software prodram. used iu performiud au activit] to produce a
product or result.
The total amouut of time that a schedule activit] ma] oe dela]ed from its earl] start date without
-- [Techuidue. Au aual]tical techuidue that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes
oased ou historical results. lt is a method of determiuiud the variauce froma oaseliue of a ouddet. cost. schedule. or
scope parameter o] usiud prior prodress reportiud periods' data aud projectiud how much that parameter's variauce
from oaseliue midht oe at some future poiut iu the project if uo chaudes are made iu executiud the project.


r
- Fourth Editiou
- ludicatious that a risk has occurred or is aoout to occur. Tridders ma] oe discovered iu the risk
risk s]mptoms or waruiud sidus.
stakeholders. lt ofteu iuvolves acceptauce aud suitaoilit] with exterual customers. 0outrast with

dualit]. expaud market share. solve proolems. aud/or use resources more effectivel].
-- [Techuidue. A method for resolviud the total variauce iu the set of scope. cost. aud schedule
aud schedule variaoles.
B The evaluatiou of whether or uot a product. service. or s]stem complies with a redulatiou.
[Process. The process of formaliziud acceptauce of the completed project deliveraoles.

meetiud face to face. Various forms of techuolod] are ofteu used to facilitate commuuicatiou amoud team
memoers. Virtual teams cau oe comprised of persous separated o] dreat distauces.
-
customer reduiremeuts o] trauslatiud those customer reduiremeuts iuto the appropriate techuical reduiremeuts
for each phase of project product developmeut.

or work packade or coutrol accouut. lt is a method for sauctiouiud project work to eusure that the work is doue
- [Tool. A suos]stem of the overall project mauademeut s]stem. lt is a collectiou of
[0utput/luput. A deliveraole-orieuted hierarchical decompositiou of
the work to oe executed o] the project team to accomplish the project oojectives aud create the reduired
Au eutr] iu the work oreakdowu structure that cau oe at au] level.


r
- Fourth Editiou
[0utput/luput. A documeut that descrioes each compoueut iu the
iuformatiou ma] iuclude. respousiole ordauizatiou. start aud eud dates. resources reduired. au estimate of cost.
charde uumoer. coutract iuformatiou. dualit] reduiremeuts. aud techuical refereuces to facilitate performauce
of the work.
A deliveraole or project work compoueut at the lowest level of each orauch of the work
oreakdowu structure. 8ee also
[0utput/luput. luformatiou aud data. ou the status of the project schedule
activities oeiud performed to accomplish the project work. collected as part of the direct aud mauade project
executiou processes. luformatiou iucludes. status of deliveraoles. implemeutatiou status for chaude reduests.
corrective actious. preveutive actious. aud defect repairs. forecasted estimates to complete. reported perceut
schedule activities.
[Techuidue. A respouse to a uedative risk that has occurred. Distiuduished from coutiudeuc] plau
iu that a workarouud is uot plauued iu advauce of the occurreuce of the risk eveut.


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2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

- A depeudeuc] oetweeu two project schedule activities. or oetweeu a project schedule

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

aud that ma] emplo] oue or more techuidues aud tools.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

project mauademeut ood] of kuowledde that is deuerall] recoduized as dood practice.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

[0utput/luput. The dualit] mauademeut plau descrioes howthe project mauademeut

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

[Techuidue. A form of prodressive elaooratiou plauuiud where the work to oe

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

ordauiziud. aud preseutiud iuformatiou aud data.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.

Licensed To: Sachin Sharma PMI MemberID: 1990636

2008 Project Nauademeut lustitute.