What is D-FF? a.

It is called the D flip-flop for this reason, since the output takes the value of the D input or Data input, and Delays it by one clock cycle. What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops? a.latch-clocks are not required,asynchronous,switch. flip flop - clock is requir ed,synchronous,storing element. What is a multiplexer? a. A device that combines several input signals into a single output signal How can you convert an SR Flip-flop to a JK Flip-flop? a. How can you convert an JK Flip-flop to a D Flip-flop? a. What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it? a.in flip flop race around problem will accur when both the inputs are high. it can be prevented by using master slave jk flip flop Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator and why? a.A silicon semiconductor device used as a voltage regulator because of its abil ity to maintain an almost constant voltage with a wide range of currents. Explain an ideal voltage source? a. an ideal voltage source is a circuit element where the voltage across it is i ndependent of the current through it. Explain zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown? a.When a high reverse voltage is applied to the highly doped p-n junction then a t a particular voltage breakdown is occured because of increase in the value of barrier potential and it increases a t such a level that at a particular voltage the electrons in the atom get ionised and thus results in th e increase in the no of electrons which results in the rapid increase in the value of current and this increase in current known as zener breakdown voltage. avalanche breakdown occurs when a high reverse voltage is applied to the normal p-n junction then due to high voltage the electrons get ejected from the stationary atoms which r esults in rapid increase in the value of current and is known as avalanche breakdown. What are the different types of filters? What is the need of filtering ideal response of filters and actual response of f ilters? What is sampling theorem? What is impulse response? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters compared to IIR counterp arts. What is CMRR? Explain half-duplex and full-duplex communication? Which range of signals is used for terrestrial transmission? Why is there need for modulation? Which type of modulation is used in TV transmission? Why we use vestigial side band (VSB-C3F) transmission for picture? When transmitting digital signals is it necessary to transmit some harmonics in

addition to fundamental frequency? For asynchronous transmission, is it necessary to supply some synchronizing puls es additionally or to supply or to supply start and stop bit? BPFSK is more efficient than BFSK in presence of noise. Why? What is meant by pre-emphasis and de-emphasis? Explain 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB? Explain ASCII, EBCDIC?