A Vocational Training Report In 0 SPACE SOFWARE SOLUTIONS Pvt. Ltd.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree Of

Bachelor of Engineering

In Electrical and Electronics Engineering To Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai
In Session: 2010-2011

Submitted by:
Vikas Chandra Panigrahi

B.E., 4TH sem/2nd year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology [ISO 9001:2008 Certified &NBA Accredited] Balod Road, Durg.C.G.Pin:491001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Shri Vikas Chandra Panigrahi Roll No. 3032509060 semester 5th branch Electrical and electronics engineering student of Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg has undergone his vocational training under 0 space software solutions Pvt. Ltd. from 23rd May, 2011 to 24th June, 2011.

Head of Department Electrical and Electronics Engineering CSIT, Durg Date: Place:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENTS
1. Introduction

2. Communication 3. Aptitude 4. C++ 5. Personal Grooming 6. Reasoning 7. Group Discussion 8. Personal Interview 9. Management Games 10. Counseling a) Yoga & Meditation

11. Excursion

a)Table Manners

12. Technical

a) CBT

13. Conclusion

14. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

COMMUNICATION

What is communication? Communication is a process where a message is received and understood by the receiver in the manner that the sender intended it to be. Or we can say communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the sender. But every time it is not necessary that every time receiver will understand exactly what sender is sending. That is known as miscommunication. And it is not acceptable at all. So we had a regular class of communication skill daily in our vocational training. We were taught by Dr. Chandrashekhar Sharma sir. He taught us the importance of communication, types of communication, and how to polish our communication skill. Here are some important points.

Importance of communication:Communication plays a very vital role in our life; we cannot assume our life without it. Because everyone needs to share his idea to the person whom he is talking and at the same time he needs to receive the message of sender. Without communication cannot conversance with anyone. Suppose we are in any foreign country and we dont know the language of that country then how can we suppose to survive there? We cant even request for help to anyone. And one more reason for us (student) that why we need better communication skill is at the time of recruitment we need to communicate with our interviewer in such a way that he got impressed by our communicating skill. In this way we have so many reasons to have a better communication skill. And if we talk about todays world then it is the era of globalisation. And for the full development of any

country it is very essential to have a better position in world market. And to fulfil this requirement they should have a good communication skill in the language of world which is English.

Apart from this we also deal with the various type of communication that are: Types of communication:Communication can be broadly classified in two categories 1) verbal communication 2) non verbal communication Verbal communication:Verbal communication is used for mostly all purposes. Verbal communication may be oral or written. a) Oral communication:- This communication includes face to face communication or conversation for example conversation through telephone , radio, interview, group discussion, meeting etc. This communication is the fastest and most preferred method of transmitting information. b) Written communication:- written communication is mostly essential and used in organizations. A written communication helps in determining responsibility and become a part of the recorded memory of organization. Written communication includes reports, agenda, letter, handbook, news paper and magazines.

Non verbal communication:There are various other ways of communication apart from above two, for example even when a person speaks, the words may be accompanied by posture gesture, facial expression etc. These forms of communication are known as nonverbal communication. This method can be broadly classified into two physical or symbolic language and body language. These are highly powerful and significant means of communication and play an extremely important part in the process of transmitting information.

Not only the theoretical knowledge but we performed some practical also in our communication classes. We did some practical on reading, writing and listening skill, it was a new experience for us. We realise the theoretical knowledge in our life that how communication can be polished by doing some exercises daily. And really it works to have a good communication skill. It was a good move also that we were getting five words daily, and with these five words we had to create sentence for each words daily. And we were given some words that we use in our daily life but sometimes we cant use those words easily due to not having practice. The benefit of that exercise was that at the end of our training we had increased our vocabulary up to some extent. We also learned some key points of communication like how to improve tour communication skill. Some important point are given below:Here is how:1. Stay Focused: Sometimes it is tempting to bring up past seemingly related conflicts when dealing with current ones. It makes the whole discussion more taxing and even confusing. So Stay focused on the present, your feelings, understanding one another and finding a solution.

2. Listen Carefully: People often think they are listening, but are really thinking about what they are going to say next when the other person stops talking. Truly effective communication goes both ways. While it might be difficult, try really listening to what your partner is saying.

3. Try To See Their Point of View: In a conflict, most of us primarily want to feel heard and understood. We talk a lot about our point of view to get the other person to see things our way. Ironically, if we all do this all the time, theres little focus on the other persons point of view, and nobody feels understood. Try to really see the other side, and then you can better explain yours.

4.

Use simple words and avoid jargons: jargon refers to the special language of the trade, profession and field of study. It may refer to words as well as style of writing. Jargon creates difficulties to understand and makes it stiff, so always use those words which are familiar to everyone and are simple.

APTITUDE

Aptitude judges how rapidly a human brain can solve any problem. Aptitude tests are designed to assess your logical reasoning or thinking performance. Now days aptitude tests are very common in all type of entrance exams. This type of tests is generally taken in all public sectors, private sector Companys recruitment exam. Not only recruitment but it has significance in GATE also. That is why knowledge of aptitude is very much important for us. We were having classes for aptitude daily during our vocational training; it helped to enhance our skill in aptitude. Generally aptitude consists of the questions of mathematics which we had done in our school life between 6th to 10th standard. So we can say that aptitude is a skill of solving maths in less time. Aptitudes consist of multiple choice questions and are administered under exam conditions. They are strictly timed and a typical test might allow 30 minutes for 30 or so questions. There are at least 5000 aptitude and ability tests on the market. Some of them contain only one type of question (for example, verbal ability, numeric reasoning ability etc) while others are made up of different types of question. Apart from knowing what are the various type of questions in aptitude we also came to know in our class that what are the tips we should kept in mind while appearing in examination. Some important tips are: The first thing to do is to determine which type of questions you are going to be asked. Don't waste time practicing questions that won't appear in the actual test. Spend your preparation time wisely. Make sure that your preparation schedules are systematic. Last but never the least thing is that people makes assumption that they know this type of questions very well, but it is a very dangerous condition. Dont make such type of assumption without practicing the questions at once. Be honest to yourself and work hard. We also learned some time saving tricks on some important topics that generally asked in recruitment exams, and those tricks are really helpful to save time in exam. We build a new confidence after attending the classes of aptitude in our vocational training. We got some good faculties to polish our skill in aptitude; they were having their own experience to share with us which was beneficial for us to solve questions. We

covered as much topics as we can in short period of time; and tried to cover only some important topics. Our class of aptitude started on 24th may 2011 with the topic of Finding Square of any large number, this type of questions are very common in any competitive exams and in those where aptitude is involved in the syllabus. Further we studied problems based on calendar which is further of two type; one is imaginary days and another is real days problem. We learnt how to calculate such type of questions in faster way because these types of questions are asked frequently in various public and private sectors entrance examination. Then we deled with some topics like average, ratio, proportion, and percentage. These were very general topics which were not too difficult to solve so we moved towards profit and loss type of question which was slight complicated. After this we came to a very important topic which was permutation and combination this topic has many type of questions which are very much confusing and difficult but Rajiv sir explained each and every topic of this chapter that it was seems to be easy. Probability distribution is also under this one. We also covered simple interest and compound interest, problems on time and distance; in this topic one important topic is there which is problem on trains we also covered that, then problem on stream and time and work and last but never the least problems on finding volume and area. In all; our classes of aptitude was very much interesting and full of knowledge; sometimes we shared some general knowledge in this class, which was also as much important as the aptitude is. After these classes we are feeling very much confident because in any campus or in any competitive exam aptitude is a very important topic to be asked. But the most important thing we learned from those classes is, aptitude cannot be learned in one night it needs daily practice to have a good command on it. If we dont practice for the aptitude then we cannot solve the questions of examinations in given time period; so everyone should practice for it daily then only it will be solved within the time otherwise it is a time consuming part of any exam.

PROGRMMING LANGUAGE: C++

First of all we have to know about c++...... What is c++:C++ is an "object oriented" programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup and released in 1985. It implements "data abstraction" using a concept called "classes", along with other features to allow object-oriented programming. Parts of the C++ program are easily reusable and extensible; existing code is easily modifiable without actually having to change the code. C++ adds a concept called "operator overloading" not seen in the earlier OOP languages and it makes the creation of libraries much cleaner. C++ maintains aspects of the C programming language, yet has features which simplify memory management. Additionally, some of the features of C++ allow low-level access to memory but also contain high level features. C++ could be considered a superset of C. C programs will run in C++ compilers. C uses structured programming concepts and techniques while C++ uses object oriented programming and classes which focus on data.

Why C++: In todays world C++ is very much important and one of the most popular programming languages its application domains include systems software (such as Microsoft Windows), application software, device drivers, embedded software, highperformance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. Several groups provide both free and proprietary C++ compiler software C++ has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C# and Java.

The above reasons are well enough to tell that why one should know this programming language very well. That is why C++ was our main target in vocational training, we had classes of C++ everyday and we got Mr. Ajay Kumar Sinha as our mentor for this language, who is not only highly experienced but the Director of 0 space software solution Pvt. Ltd. Company as well. His guidance helped us to know about some basic concepts of C++ and some essential points of C++. He not only taught us C++ but he also deled some important topic about computers and operating system. His guidance really helped us to enhance our knowledge, and skill in software field. He

is not a professional teacher but the way he taught us, even a professional teacher cannot teach in that manner. He is very cool minded and helping in nature, he came one by one to each and every student to know their difficulties and he solved every problem of each student. Before joining the vocational training we were used to perform the C/C++ in windows by Turbo C, but in our training we used GCC compiler in Linux operating system for first time in our life. The reasons explained by our sir was that in every software or any other company there they use Linux as operating system so every fresher face difficulty to use programming language in that operating system. And one more reason was that there is better protection and security in Linux as compared with windows, there is no problem getting affected by virus in Linux. Firstly it was very much difficult to use Linux but similarly we also started with very beginner level. Sir told us the commands and we followed him, we continued this for few days and we became familiar with this operating system. Firstly we started with very basic topic like creating file, copying file, deleting file, and moving file from one location to another location by using commands on konsole. Then we learned how to see files in any folder, and what are the various colour code of files. These were very much basic topics. Then we learnt how to compile a C program in GCC compiler. After knowing all these basic concepts of commands of Linux and GCC compiler we started the main part of our training which was file handling in C language. What is file handling? As the name indicates by file handling we can manage files and documents in our computer by using commands by C/C++ language. And we dont need to go that folder to manage the file or document. We can create, copy, move, delete any file or folder or document by this system. File handling is generally used in some software and in some company and industries where it needs to handle a large number of document and files. Some advantages of file handling are that we dont need to go to that folder or to that document to handle it properly. And it saves time and efforts. It is a faster way to handle any file or folder or document. We are talking about file handling but one question arises that: What is a file? Abstractly, a file is a collection of bytes stored on a secondary storage device, which is generally a disk of some kind. The collection of bytes may be interpreted, for example, as characters, words, lines, paragraphs and pages from a textual document; fields and records belonging to a database; or pixels from a graphical image. Essentially there are two kinds of files that programmers deal with text files and binary files.

We learnt about file pointer: FILE pointer is struct data type which has been defined in standard library stdio.h. This data type points to a stream or a null value. And various modes for opening the file which are given below: File Mode R W A Rb Wb Ab Description Open a text file for reading Create a text file for writing, if it exists, it is overwritten. Open a text file and append text to the end of the file. Open a binary file for reading Create a binary file for writing, if it exists, it is overwritten. Open a binary file and append data to the end of the file.

And some important commands and there uses: fclose() Declaration: int fclose(FILE *stream); Closes the stream. All buffers are flushed. If successful, it returns zero. On error it returns EOF.

fscanf() and fprintf() The functions fprintf() and fscanf() are similar to printf() and scanf() except that these functions operate on files and require one additional and first argument to be a file pointer. fgets() is a line oriented function. The ANSI prototype is: char *fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *stream); The function reads from the stream pointed to by stream and places the output into the character array pointed to by s. It will stop reading when any of the following conditions are true:
It has read n - 1 bytes (one character is reserved for the null-terminator), or It encounters a newline character (a line-feed in the compilers tested here), or It reaches the end of file, or

 A read error occurs.

fgets() automatically appends a null-terminator to the data read. fgets() seems like the ideal function to read a text file line-by-line

fread() is a block oriented function. The ANSI prototype is: size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream); The function reads from the stream pointed to by stream and places the output into the array pointed to by ptr. It will stop reading when any of the following conditions are true:
It has read nmemb elements of size size, or It reaches the end of file, or A read error occurs.

fread() gives you as much control as fgetc(), and has the advantage of being able to read more than one character in a single I/O operation. In fact, memory permitting, you can read the entire file into an array and do all of your processing in memory. This has significant performance advantages.

There are too many more commands are left to be described but these are some of the important commands of them. All of these we learnt in our vocational training.

PERSONAL GROOMING

Grooming in humans typically includes bathroom activities such as primping: washing and cleaning the hair, combing it to extract tangles, and styling. It can also include cosmetic care of the body, such as shaving. Another suitable alternative to shaving is beard grooming. Growing and maintaining requires less effort than being shaven. Our teacher for personal grooming was Mr. Nitin Kumar, who is a professional of grooming classes. He spread his knowledge among us which is really helpful for us. First on 23rd may we had a class of personal grooming and from the first day onwards we learnt many things like how to make a good impression at first sight, and some management skill. On first day we were divided in several groups and given topics to each groups. This was known as CLAP activity in which CLAP stands for Creative Learning Awareness Program. This program was started to overcome the stage fear of students and make them aware of what is going around the world. Further we had classes of dressing sense because it is an important grooming part of life without it one cannot present themselves in professional world. And dressing sense is also important for a fresher to get a job in any company. One day we had classes for knowing what should be the hairstyle of any person while going to face an interview. And some important tips to appear sober before going for an interview, for this we went to Aviation Academy located in new civic centre. There we learnt about how to take care of our skin, some important steps are Cleansing, Toning, Moisturising, and Protection to skin and one should adopt this steps everyday to make their skin healthy.

The professional world has its own communicating and behaving techniques so also learnt that. Grooming also includes the presentation skill therefore we were given some topics and companys name on which we had to prepare a power point presentation and to present in front of full of audience including the whole faculty staff who were involved in our training. So all this build up our presenting skill and most importantly build our confidence to present our ideas and our thoughts.

Many times we become stressful in our life so it is necessary to handle the stress in better manner so it was a great opportunity for us to have Dr. Pramod Gupta in our class to teach us how to manage stress in our life. He is a psychiatrist and his experience and knowledge really helped us to overcome our stress from our life.

REASONING