Tackling HIV

LIFE CYCLE OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the DNA. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA. 4. Replication Using the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA replicates to produce many copied of double-stranded viral DNA. 5. Transcription Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins. 6. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP. 7. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles. 8. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
Double stranded DNA transcription mRNA translation Viral protein

replication

Double stranded DNA for new viruses

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA and enzymes. 4. Replication Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral RNA replicates to produce many copied of double-stranded viral RNA. 5. Transcription Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, the viral RNA is transcribed to produce single-stranded viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins. 6. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP. 7. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of double-stranded viral RNA to produce new viral particles. 8. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
Double stranded RNA (+ & -) separation Single RNA (+) strand (mRNA) translation Viral proteins

replication

Double stranded RNA for new viruses

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE NEGATIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA. 4. Replication Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single negativestranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, one negative strand and one positive strand. 5. Replication The positive RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to produce many single negative-stranded viral RNA copies. 6. Transcription Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, the negative RNA strand is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins. 7. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.

8. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of negative viral RNA to produce new viral particles. 9. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.

Single stranded RNA (-)

replication

Single stranded RNA (+) (mRNA)

translation

Viral proteins

replication

Double stranded RNA (+ & -)

replication against (+) strand

Single stranded RNA (-) for new viruses

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE POSITIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA. 4. Replication Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single positivestranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, one negative strand and one positive strand. 5. Replication The negative RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to produce many single positive-stranded viral RNA copies. 6. Translation The positive viral strands act as mRNA, attach to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP. 7. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of positive viral RNA to produce new viral particles. 8. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
Single stranded RNA (+) replication

Double stranded RNA (+ & -) Replication against (-) strand

Single stranded RNA (+) for new viruses and for use as mRNA for viral protein production

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the DNA. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA. 4. Replication Using the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral singlestranded DNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral DNA. 5. Replication The new DNA strand of the double-stranded DNA replicates to produce many single-stranded viral DNA copies. 6. Transcription Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins. 7. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP. 8. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles.

9. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.

Single stranded DNA

replication

Double stranded DNA

transcription

mRNA

translation

Viral proteins

replication against one DNA strand

Single stranded DNA for new viruses

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUS Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each card representing one of the stages in the life cycle of a double-stranded DNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.

Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell.
DS-DNA

Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
DS-DNA

The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
DS-DNA

The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles.

DS-DNA

Using the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA replicates to produce many copied of doublestranded viral DNA.
DS-DNA

The vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the DNA.

DS-DNA

If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA.

The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
DS-DNA

DS-DNA

To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all doublestranded DNA virus cards are marked DS-DNA in the bottom right corner.

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each card representing one of the stages in the life cycle of a double-stranded RNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.

Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, the viral RNA is transcribed to produce singlestranded viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
DS-RNA

If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA and enzymes.

DS-RNA

The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of double-stranded viral RNA to produce new viral particles.

The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.

DS-RNA

DS-RNA

The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.

Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell.
DS-RNA

DS-RNA

The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.

Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral RNA replicates to produce many copied of doublestranded viral RNA.
DS-RNA

DS-RNA

To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all doublestranded RNA virus cards are marked DS-RNA in the bottom right corner.

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE NEGATIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 9 cards, each card representing one of the stages in the life cycle of a single negative-stranded RNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.

Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell.
SNS-RNA

Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single negative-stranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, one negative strand and one positive strand.
SNS-RNA

The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
SNS-RNA

The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
SNS-RNA

Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, the negative RNA strand is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
SNS-RNA

The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles.

SNS-RNA

The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.
SNS-RNA

The positive RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to produce many single negative-stranded viral RNA copies.
SNS-RNA

If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA. INTENTIONALLY BLANK

SNS-RNA

To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all single negative-stranded RNA virus cards are marked SNS-RNA in the bottom right corner.

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE POSITIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each card representing one of the stages in the life cycle of a single positive-stranded RNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.

The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.

If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA.

SPS-RNA

SPS-RNA

The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.

Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell.
SPS-RNA

SPS-RNA

Using the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single positive-stranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, one negative strand and one positive strand.
SPS-RNA

The negative RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to produce many single positive-stranded viral RNA copies.

SPS-RNA

The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of positive viral RNA to produce new viral particles.

The positive viral strands act as mRNA, attach to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
SPS-RNA

SPS-RNA

To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all single positive-stranded RNA virus cards are marked SPS-RNA in the bottom right corner.

Tackling HIV
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUS Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 9 cards, each card representing one of the stages in the life cycle of a single-stranded DNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.

Using the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral single-stranded DNA is replicated to produce doublestranded viral DNA.
SS-DNA

The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles.

SS-DNA

The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
SS-DNA

The vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the DNA.

SS-DNA

The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
SS-DNA

Using host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
SS-DNA

Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell.
SS-DNA

The new DNA strand of the double-stranded DNA replicates to produce many single-stranded viral DNA copies.
SS-DNA

If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA. INTENTIONALLY BLANK

SS-DNA

To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all single stranded DNA virus cards are marked SS-DNA in the bottom right corner.