FRENCH

HORN
Transposition: F French Horn (sounds a P5 lower than written)

Ranges

1. Pedal tones: Very difficult to play and tune, requires a lot of air (pp-p) 2. Low register: Hard emission, not very agile, difficult to play ff. 3-4. Middle and High register: best range, any dynamic and color. 5. Doble-High register: Bright sound, very tiring, needs a lot of rest, requires a lot of pressure, very difficult to play soft, mostly professional players. Natural horn o Harmonic series

Modern horn o Valves. Change between harmonic series quick and get chromatic open sound. o Double horn F/Bb. The second group of valves in Bb has higher pedal tones, so it makes easier to hit the right note in the higher register. Dont specify unless you want something special, the horn player goes back and forth depending on the sound he/she is looking for.

o Right hand. Use right hand modifies the tuning and color to get other notes outside the harmonic series.

Types of sounds and colors o Muted: Straight mute. o Stopped: Using the right-hand technique from natural horn

o Cuivr (metallic) o Bright/Dark, Light/Intense: Individual color can be modified using the right hand, air column, pressure and usually is up to the player, but if you have an idea, ask for it! Effects o Glissandi. Can be harmonic (changing pressure in the same harmonic series more effective) or chromatic (using fingerings). o Frulatti (flat.) o Trills. There are lip trills (almost all whole step trills in the middle- high register) or fingered trills (half step trills and low trills) o Tremolos. Harmonic tremolos require a lot of air to change partials in the same series, they work better mf-ff. Fingered tremolos can be done too.