Metals that form cations with different charges Chromium Iron Cobalt Copper Tin Mercury Lead Cr2+

Cr3+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Co2+ Co3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Sn2+ Sn4+ Hg2+ Hg22+ Pb2+ Pb4+ chromium (II) ion chromium (III) ion iron (II) ion iron (III) ion cobalt (II) ion cobalt (III) ion copper (I) ion copper (II) ion tin (II) ion tin (IV) ion mercury (I) ion mercury (II) ion lead (II) ion lead (IV) ion chromous chromic ferrous ferric cobaltous colbatic cuprous cupric stannous stannic mercurous mercuric plumbous plumbic

Some Common Polyatomic Ions Hydronium ion Ammonium ion Acetate ion Carbonate ion Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate ion) Chromate ion Dichromate ion Cyanide ion Hypochlorite ion Chlorite ion Chlorate ion Perchlorate ion H3O+ NH4+ CH3CO2 CO32 HCO3 CrO42 Cr2O72 CN ClO ClO2 ClO3 ClO4 Nitrite ion Nitrate ion

(memorize these) NO2 NO3 MnO4 PO43 HPO42 H2PO4 SO32 SO42 HSO4

Permanganate ion Phosphate ion Hydrogen phosphate Dihydrogen phosphate Sulfite ion Sulfate ion Hydrogen sulfate ion (bisulfate ion) Hydroxide ion Peroxide

OH O22

Some ionic compounds contain a specific number of water molecules within its structure that is associated with its formula. These are called hydrates. These are named as ionic compounds with the number of water molecules indicated using the prefixes: Hemi Mono Di Tri Tetra Penta 1 2 3 4 5 Hexa Hepta Octa Nona Deca 6 7 8 9 10

MgSO4 * 7H2O CaSO4 * H2O BaCl2 * 6H2O Molecular Compounds:

magnesium sulfate heptahydrate calcium sulfate hemihydrates barium chloride hexahydrate

We name molecular compounds by naming the first atom and then the second as if it were an anion. The number of each element is indicated by using the prefix system. Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, hexa-, octa-, nonaMono is never used with the first element The o or a in the suffix is usually dropped when the element starts with an o Acids Acid substances that produce hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water. They are composed of hydrogens and a non-metal. There are two types: acids that contain oxygen and those that do not. 1. e.g. For binary acids in water that do not contain oxygen name as hydro-(base name of the nonmetal + ic) acid. HCl HBr HCN H2S hydrochloric acid hydrobromic acid hydrocyanic acid hydrosulfuric acid hydrogen chloride hydrogen bromide

2.

For oxyacids, acids containing oxygen, the name is based on the suffix of the anion Oxyanions ending in ite Oxyanions ending in ate _________ous acid _________ic acid sulfurous acid sulfuric acid hypochlorous acid chlorous acid chloric acid perchloric acid

e.g.

H2SO3 H2SO4 HClO HClO2 HClO3 HClO4

sulfite ion, SO32 sulfate ion, SO42 hypochlorite, ClO chlroite, ClO2 chlorate, ClO3 perchlorate, ClO4