KomNas KIPI
Maturasi Perjalanan Program Imunisasi
KPPIK
FKUI 2012
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Pravaksinasi Cakupan Kepercayaan Kepercayaan Eradikasi
meningkat hilang pulih
Vaksinasi
Penyakit
berhenti
INCIDENCE
KIPI
Eradikasi
MATURITY
Definition
• Suatu kejadian MEDIK yang terjadi setelah pemberian
imunisasi, dimana vaksin tidak selalu menjadi faktor
penyebab langsung terjadinya reaksi tersebut.
• Any untoward medical occurrence which follows
immunization and which does not necessarily have a causal
relationship with the use of the vaccine. The adverse event
may be any unfavorable or unintended sign, an abnormal
laboratory finding, a symptom or a disease
WHO, 2013
Klasifikasi KIPI
• Klasifikasi Lapangan (Field Classification, WHO 1999)
BCG 90-95% -
Tetanus/DT/Td ~ 10 % ~ 10 % ~ 25 %
Probable
Clinical event with a reasonable time relationship to vaccine
administration and is unlikely to be attributed to concurrent
disease or other drugs or chemicals
Possible
Clinical event with a reasonable time relationship to vaccine
administration but which could also be explained by
concurrent disease or other drugs or chemicals
WHO Causality Assessment Categories
Unlikely
Clinical event whose time relationship to vaccine administration
makes causal connection improbable but which could plausibly
be explained by underlying disease or other drugs or chemicals
Unrelated
Clinical event with an incompatible time relationship to vaccine
administration and which could be explained by underlying
disease or other drugs or chemicals
Unclassifiable
Clinical event with insufficient information to permit assessment
and identification of the cause.
UNRELATED
No CERTAIN PROBABLE
Compatible Incompatible
Onset time
UNCLASSIFIABLE
Causality assessment
WHO 2013
Cause specific definitions WHO 2013
• Vaccine product-related reaction
• An AEFI that is caused or precipitated by a vaccine due to one or more of the
inherent properties of the vaccine product.
• Coincidental event:
• An AEFI that is caused by something other than the vaccine product,
immunization error or immunization anxiety.
Causality assessment has four steps, as follows:
Step 1: Eligibility.
The first step aims to determine if the AEFI case satisfies the minimum criteria
for causality assessment as outlined below.
Step 2: Checklist.
The second step involves systematically reviewing the relevant and available
information to address possible causal aspects of the AEFI.
Step 3: Algorithm.
The third step obtains a trend as to the causality with the information gathered
in the checklist.
Step 4: Classification.
The fourth step categorizes the AEFI’s association to the vaccine or vaccination
on the basis of the trend determined in the algorithm.
Step 2: Checklist
Step 2: Checklist
Step 3: Algorithm
• The algorithm aims to be a roadmap for the decision-making
of the reviewers but it does not take away the expert and
deductive logical process inherent in linking a diagnosis to its
potential cause
• The stepwise approach of the algorithm helps to determine if
the AEFI could be consistent or inconsistent with an
association to immunization
• The algorithm allows the reviewers to focus logically and
document their observations to the appropriate conclusions.
• The conclusions are colour-coded green if the conclusion is
inconsistent with a causal association to immunization; red if it
is consistent with a causal association to immunization; yellow
if it is indeterminate; and blue if the event is unclassifiable.
WHO AEFI 2013
Pelaporan kasus diduga KIPI
▪ Dokter praktek swasta dan Rumah Sakit :
• Harus melapor kasus diduga KIPI ke Dinas Kesehatan dan atau
Komda PP-KIPI setempat
• Melengkapi formulir pelaporan
• Bila perlu bisa meminta bantuan ke Dinas Kesehatan/Komda PP-
KIPI setempat
Pencegahan Terjadinya KIPI
• Mencegah KIPI akibat reaksi vaksin
• Indikasi kontra diperhatikan
• Vaksin hidup tidak diberikan pada anak dengan defisiensi imun
• Orang tua diajari menangani reaksi vaksin yang ringan &
dianjurkan segera kembali apabila ada reaksi yg mencemaskan
• Parasetamol dapat diberikan 4 x sehari untuk mengurangi gejala
demam & rasa sakit
• Mengenal dan dapat mengatasi reaksi anafilaksis
• Sesuaikan dengan reaksi ringan/berat yg terjadi atau harus dirujuk
ke RS dengan fasilitas lengkap
Pencegahan Terjadinya KIPI
• Mencegah KIPI akibat program error
• Teknik penyuntikan
• Suasana tempat penyuntikan
• Atasi rasa takut yang muncul pada anak yang lebih besar
Pencegahan Terjadinya KIPI
Koinsidens
Kejadian kebetulan sudah bisa diperkirakan
• jumlah populasi
• insidens penyakit
• insidens kematian (angka kematian bayi)
• cakupan imunisasi dan jumlah episode imunisasi
Kesimpulan
• KIPI adalah risiko program imunisasi