TEENAGE PREGNANCY Introduction: For the purpose of this paper the term teenager is defined as a person between the

ages of 13 and 19 inclusive (The Collins English Dictionary 1986) and is used synonymously with the term adolescent. Both terms are used to refer to a young person in transition from childhood to adulthood. Teenage pregnancy has been shown to be associated with an increase in obstetric complications. Gestation associated hypertension and anemia were found more frequently among this group [1-3]. Teenage pregnancy is a worldwide social problem and its incidence shows marked variation amongst developed countries. USA has the highest incidence in the developed world [4] and the UK has the highest incidence in Europe [4]. There is conflicting evidence regarding the obstetric outcome. The pendulum has swung from studies showing an increase in various antenatal, intra partum, postnatal complications to studies suggesting that these concerns could be un founded [5-8]. Possible explanation for poor perinatal outcomes associated with teenage pregnancy has been thought to be an effect of teenagers poorer socioeconomic condition [9]. A recent study suggests that teenage mother, independent of socio-economic background, face an increased risk of premature death [10]. This is an important consideration irrespective of the obstetric outcome of teenage pregnancies. This aim of this study was to quantify the age related risk of adverse obstetric outcome in primigravid women less than 20 years of age. Incidence of teenage pregnancy in Muar seems to be increasing through 5 years data i.e. 76 deliveries in 2005, 98 deliveries in 2006, 92 deliveries in 2007, 100 deliveries in 2008 and 125 deliveries in 2009. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence < 19 years / 193 of teenage pregnancy in Muar and to asses social demography profile of the teenage mother.

Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving all government primary health care clinic in Muar district. It involved all teenage mother age 13-19 years old. Data collected from review of antenatal card.

Analysis data Sosio-economic 1. Prevalence Age - 13 15 = 4 ( early adolescent) 4/193 = 2.6% - 16 19 = 112 (late adolescent ) 112/193 = 58.0%

Teenage

Normal

1. Race Malay Chinese Indian Others Bukan warganegara

73 29 5 3 8

50 17 0 0 8

2. Education Formal Non formal

119 2

72 0

3. Marital status Married Unmarried 4. Occupational Employed Non employed

98 22

70 2

30 93

30 40

5. Primid Multip

90 30

44 28

Teenage pregnancy Timing of 1st antenatal visit Teenage pregnancy < 12/52 >12/52 Age 13-15 1 1 Age 16-19 26 94

Problem related with teenage pregnancy 1. Anemia - 1st visit anemia Age 13 - 15 = 3 3/121 = 2.5% Age 16 - 19 = 42 42/121 = 34.7%

2. Medical History - 2 (asthma 5 kes) (PIH - 1 kes)

3. Family H/0 medical 51 kes

4. PIH - 1 kes 5. IGTT 1 kes

Outcome of teenage pregnancy Abortion = 9 kes Term delivery ( 38/52) = 74 Premature delivery (<36/52) = 9 LBW < 2.5 kg = 13 Normal wt = 67 >4.0 kg = 1

- Mode Delivery - SVD = 77 - Caesarean section = 6 - Instrumental delivery = 1

Problem related child - Jaundice