Airport Components

Airside Landside Distinction

Runways
Primary Runway(s) the runway that is oriented into the prevailing winds

Crosswind Runways(s) the runway that is oriented toward the most common crosswind direction

Runways
A. Runways
1. 2. 3. 4. Single Runway Parallel Runways Open V Runways Intersecting Runways Main runway should be oriented as closely as possible to the direction of the prevailing winds. Runways should be oriented so aircraft may be landed at least 95% of the time with a crosswind component not exceeding 13 knots.

Runways
Runways are defined/identified by their orientation with respect to magnetic north (eg. 270 degree runway is Runway 27) When the same runway is used from opposite directions the runway is identified by both orientations (eg. Runway 09/27) Runway length and width are determined by the type of aircraft using the airport and their requirements. Runways are typically constructed from gravel, snow, ice, grass, asphalt or concrete. Most commercial runways are asphalt or concrete.

Runway Classifications
1. Non-Instrument Visual Approach procedures only. 2. Non-Precision instrument approach with only horizontal guidance straight-in non precision instrument approaches only. 3. Precision Instrument approach utilizing Instrument Landing System (ILS), Microwave Landing System (MLS) or GPS.

Runway Markings

Figure 4-4: Visual and Non-Precision Runway Markings (FAA AIM)

Runway Markings

Figure 4-5: Precision Runway Markings (FAA AIM)

Runway Threshold Stripes

Figure 4-6: Number of Runway Threshold Stripes

Runway Lighting

Figure 4-9: Overview of Airport Lighting Systems

Figure 4-10: Precision Approach Lighting Systems

Figure 4-11: Approach Lighting Systems (FAA AIM)

Runway Approach Lighting

Figure 4-12: Two-bar VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicator System)

Taxiways
1. 2. 3. 4. Parallel Taxiways Entrance Taxiways Bypass Taxiways Exit Taxiways

All taxiways should have centerline markings and runway holding position markings whenever they intersect a runway Taxiway lighting is provided at many airports to facilitate the movement of aircraft at night or in poor visibility conditions. Taxiway edge lights are used to outline the edges of the taxiway and emit light blue light. Taxiway centerline lights emit a green light

Figure 4-25: Location of Holding Areas and Holding Bays

Instrument Landing System

Most widely used Precision Approach Landing System in the World. Three Categories of ILS: Category 1, 2 and 3.

Figure 4-40: ILS Ceiling and Visibility Minima

Airspace and Air Traffic Control

NAV CANADA at a Glance

NAV CANADA is the private sector, non-share capital corporation, financed through publicly-traded debt, that owns andOverview of the Canada's civil air navigation service (ANS). A General operates MandateNAV CANADA is the private sector, non-share capital corporation, and Services financed through publicly-traded debt, that owns and operates The Company civil air navigation service for the purchased the Canada's is responsible (ANS). We safety and efficiency of the ANS. We provide system from for customers -billion. the federal government, on November 1, 1996, operators of aircraft - with the following $1.5 airlines and other owners and services:Mandate and Services for the safety and efficiency of the The Company is responsible
ANS. We provide customers - airlines and other owners and operators of aircraft - with the following services: air traffic control, flight information, weather briefings, airport advisory services, aeronautical information services and electronic aids to navigation. NAV CANADA is a private sector company and not a federal agency. However, the Company's safety performance is regulated by Transport Canada, just as Transport Canada regulates the safety of individual airlines. Company

air traffic control, flight information, weather briefings, airport advisory services, aeronautical information services and electronic aids to navigation.

A General Overview of the Company NAV CANADA is the private sector, non-share capital corporation, financed through publicly-traded debt, that owns and operates Canada's civil air navigation service (ANS). We purchased the system from the federal government, on November 1, 1996, for $1.5 billion.

Role of ATC in Canada

Provide for the safe and efficient operations of aircraft while in Canadian Airspace.

Concept of Positive Control: For aircraft flying at higher altitudes, in poor visibility weather conditions, and around high traffic areas at low altitudes near the busiest airports. Under positive control, the air traffic controller determines the appropriate altitude, direction and speed at which the aircraft should travel. If a pilot wishes to deviate from course, altitude, or speed, permission must be granted by ATC before any deviations can be made.

Aircraft Flight Rules

1. Visual Flight Rules: Under weather conditions where the visibility is sufficient to see and avoid other aircraft, and the pilot can keep sufficiently clear of clouds, the pilot may operate under visual flight rules (VFR). Under VFR rules the pilot may or may not fly under ATC positive control.

2.

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): When visibility is insufficient or a pilots route takes the aircraft through clouds, the aircraft must fly under IFR.

NAVCANADA
Provides air navigation and related services including: 1. 7 Area Control Centres and 1 Terminal Control Unit that primarily track and guide departing, arriving and enroute aircraft 42 Air Traffic Control Towers that guide landings and takeoffs, tracking all aircraft within a 5 to 10 km radius of an airport. 60 Flight Service Stations at smaller communities that provide flight planning, enroute flight advisories, weather briefings, aerodrome advisories and other services

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3.

NAVCANADA
4. 5. 6. 7 Flight Information Centres providing customers with centralized flight planning Over 50 Community Aerodrome Radio Stations (CARS) providing basic weather info and advisory services in Canadas north Over 1200 unstaffed navigational sites including:
a. b. c. d. 107 Instrument Landing Systems and Localizers 45 Radar Sites 395 Non-Directional Beacons 150 VHF Omnidirectional Range/Distance Measuring Equipment (VOR/DME and TACANS)

Air Traffic Control & Airports

1. Partners with the Airport in providing safe operating conditions for aircraft and passengers Control the airport operating services and the airspace within a 5 to 10 km radius of the airport Coordinate in conjunction with airport operations staff the maintenance of the airport surfaces and equipment (snow removal, ice control, airport lighting, etc) Integral part in the execution of the airport emergency plans (aircraft crash, bomb threat, hi-jacking, etc.)

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