UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR ANALYSIS EXPERIMENT

AIM:
To examine aspects of a single-stage air-compressor.

1.

2.

To determine the instantaneous value of the (polytropic) coefficient of compression from the slope of the pressure/volume (P/v) diagram, near the start, in the middle and at the end of the compression. To determine the indicated worUcycle of the compressor from the P/v diagram. Where:

work/cycle = (m.e.p ) x (piston-area) x (stroke) Where

o o
3.

m.e.p. = mean effective pressure = average pressure average pressure = area of diagram/length of the diagram (i.e. stroke of the compressor)

To determine the volumetric efiiciency of the compressor

F.A.D. nvol = piston displocement Where

F.A.D. = "Free Air Delivery" i.e. the volume of air (m3/min) as measured by the orifice plate according to the formula:

F.A.D.=
Where

ckll+|"' L t2 )
LroJ

o C o P.T o Subscripts o o Subscripts 2 o h

0.0209 constant for the orifice plate abs. Pressure & temp respectively in kPa and K refer to ambient conditions refer to conditions upstream ofthe orifice plate pressure drop across the orifice plate (kPa).

TECHNICAL SPEGIFICATIONS:

Compressor:
No of Pistons Bore Stroke Clearance Volume

2 60 mm 40 mm 3 ml/piston

Transducer Constants
In order to obtain the PV diagram, the compressor has been fitted with two electronic

transducers:

. o

A pressure transducer with an output calibrated in bars (gauge pressure). A piston-stroke transducer. This is a capacitive transducer that requires the use of a reactance converter to produce an output voltage relative to the position of the piston in the cylinder. The limits ofthe output of this transducer represent the top_dead centre position of the piston and the length is therefore equal to the stroke of the oiston.

REPORT REQUIREMENTS

HAND lN: A short formal report is required.

Discuss the reasons for the different values of the "polytropic,, compression coefficient, at the two ends of compression process and in the middle of the compression. 2. Calculate the boundary work associated with compression, using theoretical approach and compare it with the experimentally derived value. Establish the net work input during one cycle from the P-V diagram. 4. Consider other losses in the system, by measuring the power input to the motor, and the power input to the compressor. 6 Explain the reasons for the volumetric efficiency being less than 100%.
1.

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