Pocket Guide on First Aid

First Aid

iCBSE will help you to make your school project on Pocket Guide on First Aid The First Aid pocket guide should contain aid that needs to be given for fractures, poisoning, cuts and burns, heat and cold wave and other threats that are prevalent in that area. The content shared in the guide should be supported with adequate pictures so as to give a clear and elaborate understanding about the topic. Choose awareness campaign strategy for either senior citizens or illiterate people and prepare a brief write-up. You need to first arrange it, first the cover page should have a red cross, then it should have an index ( it is necessary) the cover page can be of light blue colour with a red crosses box picture.You can use the red red cross pictures that we have posted in the end of this article. It should include DRABCD : Danger Response Airway Breathing Compressions/Circulation Dephibrilation Below is the list of supplies you should have in your First Aid : Plastic bandages Transpore tape Alcohol preps Adhesive bandages Micropore tape Gauze Extra large plastic bandages Iodine prep pads

Fingertip bandages Sterile pads Antiseptic towelettes Knuckle bandages Antiseptic ointment Ammonia inhalant Sponge packs Instant ice packs Sterile eye wash Elastic bandages Eye pads Safety pins First aid cream Bandage scissors Tweezers Butterfly bandages Water tight utility box for contents Burn gel to treat burns Burn bandages Adhesive spots Extra large strips Surgical tape Sponges Pain reliever

What is the aim of First Aid ? The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points Preserve life is the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives Prevent further harm also sometimes called preventing the condition worsening, this covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from a cause of harm, and applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous. Promote recovery first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound. First aid training often also incorporates the prevention of initial injury and responder safety, as well as the treatment phases. When First Aid is Required ? Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs. Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient may go into shock. The reaction can be caused by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or peanuts. Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine.

Battlefield First aid This protocol refers to treating shrapnel, gunshot wounds, burns, bone fractures, etc. as seen either in the traditional battlefield setting or in an area subject to damage by large scale weaponry, such as a bomb blast or other terrorist activity. Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture with a splint. Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body fluids through the burn site. Choking, blockage of the airway which can quickly result in death due to lack of oxygen if the patients trachea is not cleared, for example by the Heimlich Maneuver. Childbirth. Cramps in muscles due to lactic acid build up caused either by inadequate oxygenation of muscle or lack of water or salt. Joint dislocation. Diving disorders resulting from too much pressure. Near drowning or asphyxiation. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Gender-specific conditions, such as dysmenorrhea and testicular torsion. Heart attack, or inadequate blood flow to the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle. Heat stroke, also known as sunstroke or hyperthermia, which tends to occur during heavy exercise in high humidity, or with inadequate water, though it may occur spontaneously in some chronically ill persons. Sunstroke, especially when the victim has been unconscious, often causes major damage to body systems such as brain, kidney, liver, gastric tract. Unconsciousness for more than two hours usually leads to permanent disability. Emergency treatment involves rapid cooling of the patient. Heat syncope, another stage in the same process as heat stroke, occurs under similar conditions as heat stroke and is not distinguished from the latter by some authorities. Heavy bleeding, treated by applying pressure (manually and later with a pressure bandage) to the wound site and elevating the limb if possible. Hyperglycemia, or diabetic coma. Hypoglycemia, or insulin shock. Hypothermia, or Exposure, occurs when a persons core body temperature falls below 33.7C (92.6F). First aid for a mildly hypothermic patient includes rewarming, but rewarming a severely hypothermic person could result in a fatal arrhythmia, an irregular heart rhythm. Insect and animal bites and stings. Muscle strain. Poisoning, which can occur by injection, inhalation, absorption, or ingestion.

Seizures, or a malfunction in the electrical activity in the brain. Three types of seizures include a grand mal (which usually features convulsions as well as temporary respiratory abnormalities, change in skin complexion, etc) and petit mal (which usually features twitching, rapid blinking, and/or fidgeting as well as altered consciousness and temporary respiratory abnormalities). Sprain, a temporary dislocation of a joint that immediately reduces automatically but may result in ligament damage. Stroke, a temporary loss of blood supply to the brain. Sucking chest wound, a life threatening hole in the chest which can cause the chest cavity to fill with air and prevent the lung from filling, treated by covering with an occlusive dressing to let air out but not in. Toothache, which can result in severe pain and loss of the tooth but is rarely life threatening, unless over time the infection spreads into the bone of the jaw and starts osteomyelitis. Wounds and bleeding, including laceration, incision and abrasion, and avulsion.

Pocket First Aid & CPR Guide

Be prepared 24/7 for a medical emergency. Whether youre at home, on the road, or in the woods, Jive Medias Pocket First Aid & CPR Guide is at your fingertips with concise, clear instructions to care for you and your loved ones. Dozens of articles, including CPR, the Heimlich Maneuver, bites, bruises, burns, seizures, diabetic emergencies, and many more. All articles are stored on your iPhone, so you can provide first aid even when out of cell phone range. Enter your medical information on the My Info tab. Save your doctors contact information along with your hospital, emergency contacts, allergies, and medications. You can also save your insurance information for quick access.

First aid can and does save lives. Be as prepared as possible! Features: Articles are grouped by category for quick access First aid instructions are available even when out of cell-phone range. Perfect for wilderness outings. Linked articles, for quick access First aid kit information Save you medical information for quick retrieval. Look up your doctor or emergency contacts with a single click. Store your insurance information in an easy-to-access location. You surely got a paper guiding you to the other projects of which one of them was first aid guide no ? if not then here it is Prepare a pocket guide on First Aid for your school. The First Aid pocket guide should contain aid that needs to be given for fractures, poisoning, cuts and burns, heat and cold wave and other threats that are prevalent in that area. The content shared in the guide should be supported with adequate pictures so as to give a clear and elaborate understanding about the topic. Choose awareness campaign strategy for either senior citizens or illiterate people and prepare a brief write-up. (Note for the Teachers: The project can be carried out by a group of students in a class and work can be equally divided amongst the students so that the teachers are able to evaluate them easily. Doctors, local health practitioners, trained volunteers of Red Cross and professionals from other agencies/bodies/institutes, proficient in this field can be consulted to prepare the first-aid pocket guide. This guide can be printed by the school administration and shared with all the students, teachers and other staff members of the school. It can be used as a ready reckoner for any First Aid related information.

For the successful completion of the project, I would like to thank first of all my social science teacher [teachers name] who introduced me to this project and incepted me with the idea of how to proceed with the project. This project definitely would have not been a successful project without his assistance and vigilance. There are many other people whom I would like to thank. First of all I would like to thank my elder brother who helped me a lot while I was on the go with the project. He assisted me every time I needed. I would also like to thank my parents for helping me in the project with their own ideas and suggestions. I would like to then thank [if you have a family doctor or a doctor friend], a doctor friend of mine who helped me in the project providing details about various things. Again, I would like to thank the above mentioned people. Without them, this project could not have been the way it is. Your signature.

Contents
Make the table of contents according to the chapters and page number.

Foreword
We know what the value of our life is. But, there are situations in which it falls in danger and sometimes, without appropriate steps that need to be taken, lives are lost. A drop of water is more valuable to a man who is thirsty, nearing to death than a tumbler full of water when he is dead. Yes, in most of the cases of injury, if first aid is provided successfully, the dangers to life are reduced to less than 60%. However, in most of the cases in which the injured is serious, lack of first aid leads the injured to his last breath. This project has been intentioned to be viewed as a pocket first aid guide which can be used for reference during emergencies. Readers may find guidelines, which contain steps that need to be taken to give first aid for fractures, poisoning, cuts, burns and a lot of other cases in which first aid can prove to be the life saving action.

What is First Aid?

First Aid is a set of measures which need to be taken in order to prevent any further harm being done to the body of an injured person in case of an accidental injury. First aid has three main objectives 1. To preserve life of the injured Definitely, the main objective of providing first aid to the injured is that life of the injured can be saved. The life of the injured must not be lost just because no one was there to provide first aid this is the main objective of first aid. 2. To prevent deterioration of the condition The first aider needs to make sure that the condition of the injured does not deteriorate otherwise the first objective might fail. 3. To promote recovery of the injured If the first and the second objectives are successfully met, then the first aid provider must try to take the injured to the doctor in case of availability. Otherwise, he / she must try his best to do what he / she can do in order to support recovery of the injured.

Essence of a First Aid Kit

To provide the needy with first aid properly, one needs to have a good first aid kit which contains the essential things which might be needed while providing first aid to the injured. A good first aid kit must contain the following things in side it Adhesive tape Crepe bandage Cotton Wool Sterile Dressing Soap Gloves Scissors Thermometer Pain Killer Antacid Mineral Water (to be renewed regularly) Triangular Bandage ORS Packets Antiseptic Liquid Disinfectant like Dettol or Savalon A first aid kit can be made in any kind of box. One can use a shoe box to make a first aid kit too. However, it is to be kept in mind that the first aid box must be clean.

First Aid for Different Injuries and Circumstances

In this column, one can find first aid measures for different types of injuries and circumstances. One of the very important steps is calling for the emergency help or calling for the ambulance in all the cases. It has not been included one by one in all the cases or injuries.

First Aid for Fractures

In case of fractures or broken bone, one should do the following as the steps of providing first aid 1. Stop any bleeding In case there is any bleeding nearby the fractured area, the first aid provider must try to stop it by applying pressure on the wound with clean, sterile bandage or a clean cloth like a clean handkerchief.

2. Immobilize the fractured part The fractured area must not be moved or tried to be realigned or pushed. Until and unless the first aid provider is an expert or a professional, the fractured part must not be manually tried to be adjusted. If the provider is an expert and knows how to fit a splint, a splint must be tried to be fitted. 3. Apply ice A mass of ice must be applied to the fractured area in order to limit the swelling and help the injured person to get a bit of relieve until the arrival of emergency help. The ice must not be applied directly, but must be wrapped in a towel or any other piece of cloth and then must be applied. 4. Treating for shock If the person is getting unconscious or is fainting, then the person must be treated with mouth to mouth breaths, and must be tried to lay down with the legs, slightly raised. 5. Padding or Support The wound can also be supported with padding so as to relax the injured.

First Aid for Poisoning

In case of poisoning, the following first aid measures can be taken 1. Fresh air If the person has inhaled the poison, then he must be allowed to intake fresh air immediately, as soon as possible. 2. Removal from the mouth In case the victim has swallowed the poison, anything which remains in his mouth, must be removed immediately. 3. Dilution In case of intake of poison through mouth, the person must be made to drink water or milk in order to dilute the poison. 4. Requesting directions from control centre If the poison is a household cleaner or some other chemical then one should try to call up the control centre through the phone number supplied on the back of the container and directions must be requested. 5. CPR If the person suffers from breathing problems, then he must be aided with CPR. CPR or Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a process which is attempted in an effort to bring someone who is showing no signs of circulation, back to life. This can involve chest compressions at 100 compressions or more per minute and artificial (mouth to mouth) respiration.

6. Cleaning If the poison has spilled off on the cloth, skin or eyes of the person, then the persons cloth, skin or eye must be cleaned with regular showers of lukewarm water for about 20 minutes.

First Aid for Cuts

The following steps must be undertaken in case of a cut 1. Stopping the bleeding In case of a cut, if the bleeding of the wound does not stop itself in a few minutes, then gentle pressure with a piece of clean cloth or bandage, must be applied. 2. Cleaning The wound must be cleaned with fresh water. If available, a Antiseptic Liquid Disinfectant must be used to clean the wound. Debris and dirt should be carefully removed without troubling the injured. The hands of the cleaner must be sterilized or gloves should be used. 3. Antibiotic or Ointment After cleaning the wound, a thin layer of antibiotic or ointment like Neosporin must be applied. 4. Bandaging After cleaning and applying ointment on the wound, a sterile bandage must be used to cover the wound, carefully. 5. Stitches For deep wounds, the first aid provider must seek help and get the deep wounds stitched if possible. 6. Tetanus If one suspects that the cut has been caused by some dangerous, rusted thing, then the injured person must be given a tetanus shot or tetanus injection too.

First Aid for Burns

There are three levels or degrees of burns 1. First Degree In this, only the outer layer of the skin is burnt. 2. Second Degree In this, the first and the second layer of the skin are burnt 3. Third Degree In this, all the layers of the skin can get burnt. Tissues can be burnt permanently and elements like fats, muscles and bones can also get burnt. It is the most serious case of burns. For minor burns (first and second degree), the following first aid measures can be taken

1. Cooling the burn The burnt area must be cooled using running water or cool water (not too much cool) for about 20 minutes. If this does not reduce the pain, the burnt area can be left immersed in the water. 2. Bandage and pain relieve The burnt area can be next, bandaged loosely and blistered skin must be protected. Pain relievers like aspirin can be given to the injured if he is not allergic to it. Ice must not be applied and blistered skin should be taken care of. For major burns (third degree), the following aids can be given 1. Burned clothing The burnt clothing must not be removed off the skin but heating or smouldering materials must be removed. 2. No cold water Cold water must not be used in case of serious burns. This can deteriorate body temperature, blood pressure and circulation. 3. CPR If there is no breathing or no sign of circulation or movement, then CPR must be initiated. 4. Covering the area The burnt area must be covered with moist, sterile cloth like towels. 5. Elevation The body must be elevated, if possible, above the chest portion.

First Aid for Heat and Cold Wave

Heat wave or heat stroke is also known as sunstroke or hyperthermia. This is generally caused due to excessive exercise during high temperature conditions and high humidity and inadequate water supply. Also, heat waves like loo winds can be the reason. Following steps can be taken as first aid for heat waves 1. Air Conditioning The person suffering from heat wave must be instantly brought to an air conditioned ambience. Though fans would work too, but air conditioners would be more effective. 2. Mineral drinks - If the person is not allergic to any of these drinks, then he must be provided with sherbet or mineral drinks. 3. Cramps - If the person feels that he is having cramps, the area where he feels the cramp is must be massaged and must be transferred to a cool place.

Cold waves or hypothermia is a condition when the body loses a lot of its heat. Following are the first aid measures to be taken for cold wave 1. Blanket - The person suffering from cold wave must be provided with a blanket. 2. Hot Drinks The person can be provided with hot drinks like tea, coffee etc. Also, he can be provided with soup and broth. 3. Hot water bath The person can be arranged for a hot water bath. This is effective in increasing the temperature of the body.

First Aid for Fainting

If oneself faints, the person must lie down with head between the knees. If someone else faints, then the following steps can be taken 1. Positioning the person The person must be positioned on his back with the legs elevated above the chest level. He must not be made to get up too quickly. 2. CPR If the signs of circulation like breathing, movement, coughing, etc. are absent, then the CPR must be initiated.

First Aid for Heart Attack

The following aids can be very helpful during a heart attack 1. Aspirin If the person who has got heart attack is not allergic to aspirin, he must be asked to swallow (if possible, after chewing) an aspirin. 2. Nitroglycerin If the person has suffered from heart attack before too and has been prescribed nitroglycerin by the doctor, he can be asked to take it as directed and other peoples nitroglycerin must not be taken. 3. CPR - In case the signs of circulation are absent, and the person is unconscious, then CPR must be immediately initiated.

First Aid Awareness Campaign Strategy for Illiterate People

In order to make a social project more effective, it is very much needed that the masses are aware of the project. To make illiterate people aware about something like first aid is very much important because awareness of first aid can be very

helpful if an illiterate man comes up to be a first aider someday. I would take the following steps to spread awareness about first aid among illiterate people 1. A story An Example First of all, I would tell them a short story like this Sheela was working for late hours in her office as she was doing overtime job. There were only a couple of more people who were in her office. As she began to go, a short circuit took place and her cabin caught fire. She was badly burnt. But, to her rescue came the sweeper Arjun, of the office who knew something about how to provide the first aid to a badly burnt person. He provided Sheela with first aid and took her to the doctor. She was burnt badly but her life was saved. For the good work, Arjun was awarded. 2. Need of First Aid After telling them the story, I would tell them about what the need of first aid is and how useful it can be at instances. 3. Introduction to First Aid by a doctor I would approach a local doctor who agrees with me on introducing these illiterate people about the first aid. I would ask him to give a speech to the people and tell them about the first aid. 4. How to give First Aid Next, I would introduce them to the methods of giving first aid to the victim in case of different situations, as mentioned in this pocket guide. This will help them be informed on how to give first aid, in case, someday needed. 5. Preparation of First Aid Kit I would ask them all to prepare a good first aid kit and after prepared, will ask them to show it to me and I would approve them if they are fine and will bring them to correction if not. These are what I will do in order to make illiterate people aware about the first aid.

Conclusion
As the concluding part of this project, I would like to say that Without proper action at proper time, danger awaits us with a bigger face. We must act on time when a person is injured. We must take care of the person the way it is meant. Otherwise, a valuable life might be lost. We need to understand how precious lives of people are and what importance first aid carries in saving these precious lives. If this project imparts this idea in even one person, I would think that the project has been successful.

Bibliography
Following are the sources which have been used in the successful completion of this project 1. www.thetrozone.com