Cap 14

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Chapter 14, Solution 1.

The masses are 1350 kg and 5400 kg.
A B C
m m m = = =

Let , , and be the sought after final velocities, positive to the left.
A B C
v v v

Initial velocities:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0, 8 km/h 2.2222 m/s
A B C
v v v = = = =

. Truck strikes car . Plastic impact: 0 First collision C B e =

( )
0
Let be the common velocity of and after impact.
BC
v B C

: Conservation of momentum for B and C

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
B C BC B B C C
m m v m v m v + = +

( )( ) 6750 0 5400 2.2222
BC
v = +

1.77778 m/s
BC
v =

Car-truck strikes car Second collision. BC A.

Elastic impact. 1 e =

( ) ( )
0 0
1.77778 m/s
A BC A BC
v v e v v

= =

(1)
Conservation of momentum for A, B, and C.
( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
0 0
A A B C BC A A B C BC
m v m m v m v m m v + + = + +

( )( ) 1350 6750 0 6750 1.77778
A BC
v v + = +

(2)
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously for and ,
A BC
v v

2.9630 m/s, 1.18519 m/s
A BC B C
v v v v = = = =

10.67 km/h
A
= v

4.27 km/h
B
= v

4.27 km/h
C
= v




Conservation of linear momentum for block, cart, and bullet together.

components :

( )
0 B A B C f
m v m m m v = + +

( )( )
0
0.028 550
1.7058 m/s
5 0.028 4
B
f
A B C
m v
v
m m m
= = =
+ + + +

(a)

1.706 m/s
f
v =
Consider block and bullet alone.

Principle of impulse and momentum.
components ( ) ( ) : N t mg t N mg =
components
: ( ) ( )
0 B k A B
m v N t m m v' = +
Just after impact, t is negligible. The velocity then is
( )( )
0
0
0.028 550
3.0628 m/s
5 0.028
B
A B
'
m v
v
m m
= = =
+ +

Also, just after impact, the velocity of the cart is zero.

Accelerations after impact.



Block and bullet:
: F ma =

( ) ( )
k A B A B AB
m m g m m a + = +

( )( ) 0.50 9.81
AB k
a g = =

2
4.905 m/s =
Cart:

:
C
F ma =

( ) :
k A B C C
m m g m a + =

( ) ( )( )( ) 0.50 5.028 9.81
4
k A B
C
C
m m g
a
m
+
= =

2
6.1656 m/s =

Acceleration of block relative to cart.

( )
2
/
4.905 6.1656 11.0706 m/s
AB C
a = =

Motion of the block relative to the cart.

( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
/
/ /
2
2 2
AB C
AB C AB C
v v'
a s =

In the final position,
/
0
AB C
v =

( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
/
/C
3.0628
0.424 m
2 2 11.0706
AB C
AB
v'
s
a
= = =

The block moves 0.424 to the left relative to the cart.
(b) This places the block 1.000 0.424 0.576 m = from the left end of the cart.

0.576 m from left end of cart




( )( ) 22 2000 4000 3700
The masses are 124.2 slugs, 114.9 slugs, and 1366.5 slugs
32.2 32.2 32.2
A B F
m m m = = = = = =

Let , , and be the sought after velocities in ft/s, positive to the right.
A B F
v v v

Initial values:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0.
A B F
v v v = = =

Initial momentum of system:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0.
A A B B F F
m v m v m v + + =

There are no horizontal external forces acting during the time period under consideration. Momentum is
conserved.
0
A A B B F F
m v m v m v = + +

124.2 114.9 1366.5 0
A B F
v v v + + =

(1)

The relative velocities are given as

/
/
7 ft/s
3.5 ft/s
A F A F
B F B F
v v v
v v v
= =
= =

(2)
(3)

Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously,

6.208 ft/s, 2.708 ft/s, 0.7919 ft/s = = =
A B F
v v v

0.792 ft/s
F
= v




The masses are , , and .
A B F
A B F
W W W
m m m
g g g
= = =

Let the final velocities be , , and 0.34 ft/s, positive to the right. =
A B F
v v v

Initial values:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A B F
v v v = = =


( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A A B B F F
m v m v m v + + =

conserved.
0
A B F
A A B B F F A B F
W W W
m v m v m v v v v
g g g
= + + = + +

Solving for ,
F
W

A A B B
F
F
W v W v
W
v
+
=

(1)

From the given relative velocities,

/
/
1.02 7.65 6.63 ft/s
1.02 7.5 6.48 ft/s
A F A F
B F B F
v v v
v v v
= + = =
= + = =

Substituting these values in (1),

( )( ) ( )( ) 4000 6.63 3700 6.48
49506 lb
1.02
F
W
+
= =

24.8 tons
F
W =




( ) ( )
( )
3 3
3
The masses are the engine 80 10 kg , the load 30 10 kg , and the flat car
20 10 kg .
A B
C
m m
m
= =
=

Initial velocities:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
6.5 km/h 1.80556 m/s, 0.
A B C
v v v = = = =

No horizontal external forces act on the system during the impact and while the load is sliding relative to the flat
car. Momentum is conserved.
Initial momentum:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
0 0
A A B C A A
m v m m m v + + =

(1)

(a) Let v be the common velocity of the engine and flat car immediately after impact. Assume that the
impact takes place before the load has time to acquire velocity.
Momentum immediately after impact:

( ) ( ) 0
A B C A C
m v m m v m m v + + = +

(2)

Equating (1) and (2) and solving for , v

( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
0
3
80 10 1.80556
1.44444 m/s
100 10
A A
A C
m v
v
m m
= = =
+

5.20 km/h = v

(b) Let
f
v be the common velocity of all three masses after the load has slid to a stop relative to the car.
Corresponding momentum:

( )
A f B f C f A B C f
m v m v m v m m m v + + = + +

(3)

Equating (1) and (3) and solving for ,
f
v
( ) ( )
( )
( )
3
0
3
80 10 1.80556
1.11111m/s
130 10
A A
f
A B C
m v
v
m m m
= = =
+ +

4.00 km/h
f
= v




The masses are m for the bullet and
A
m and
B
m for the blocks.
(a) The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.

( ) ( )
0 0
Initial momentum: 0 0
A B
mv m m mv + + =

Final momentum:
B A A B B
mv m v m v + +

0
Equating,
B A A B B
mv mv m v m v = + +

( )( ) ( )( )
3
0
3 3 2.5 5
43.434 10 kg
500 5
A A B B
B
m v m v
m
v v
+ +
= = =

43.4 g m =

(b) The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.

( )
0 0
Initial momentum: 0
A
mv m mv + =

1
Final momentum:
A A
mv m v +

0 1
Equating,
A A
mv mv m v = +

( )
( ) ( )( )
3
0
1
3
43.434 10 500 3 3
292.79 m/s
43.434 10
A A
mv m v
v
m
= = =

1
293 m/s = v




(a) Woman dives first.
Conservation of momentum:
( )
1 1
120 300 180
16 0 v v
g g
+
=

( )( )
1
120 16
3.20 ft/s
600
v = =
Man dives next. Conservation of momentum:

( )
1 2 2
300 180 300 180
16 v v v
g g g
+
= +

( )( )
1
2
480 180 16
9.20 ft/s
480
v
v
+
= =
2
9.20 ft/s = v
(b) Man dives first.
( )
1 1
180 300 120
16 v v
g g
+

( )( )
1
180 16
4.80 ft/s
600
v = =
Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum:
( )
1 2 2
300 120 300 120
16 v v v
g g g
+
= +

( )( )
1
2
420 120 16
9.37 ft/s
420
v
v
+
= =
2
9.37 ft/s = v




(a) Woman dives first.
( )
1 1
120 300 180
16 0 v v
g g
+
+ =

( )( )
1
120 16
3.20 ft/s
600
v = =
Man dives next. Conservation of momentum:

( )
1 2 2
300 180 300 180
16 v v v
g g g
+
= +

( )( )
1
2
480 180 16
2.80 ft/s
480
+
= =
v
v
2
2.80 ft/s = v
(b) Man dives first.
( )
1 1
180 300 120
16 0 v v
g g
+
=

( )( )
1
180 16
4.80 ft/s
600
v = =
Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum:
( )
1 2 2
300 120 300 120
16 v v v
g g g
+
= +
( )( )
1
2
420 120 16
0.229 ft/s
420
v
v
+
= =

2
0.229 ft/s = v




The masses are 9 kg.
A B C
m m m = = =

Position vectors (m):

0.9 , 0.6 0.6 0.9 , 0.3 1.2
A B C
= = + + = + r k r i j k r i j

2
In units of kg m /s,

( ) ( ) ( )
O A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + + H r v r v r v

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.2 0
0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9
8.1 8.1 5.4 10.8 2.7
8.1 10.8 8.1 2.7 5.4
A B C
A B B C C
A C B C B
v v v
v v v v v
v v v v v
= + +
= + +
= + + +
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j
i j k

But,
O
H is given as
( )
2
1.8 kg m /s k
Equating the two expressions for
O
H and resolving into components,

: 8.1 10.8 0
: 8.1 2.7 0
: 5.4 1.8
A C
B C
B
v v
v v
v
+ =
=
=
i
j
k

(1)
(2)
(3)

( ) Solving for , , and ,
A B C
a v v v

1.333 m/s
A
v =

( ) 1.333 m/s
A
= v j

0.333 m/s
B
v =

( ) 0.333 m/s
B
= v i

1.000 m/s
C
v =

( ) 1.000 m/s
C
= v k

Coordinates of mass center G in m.
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 9 0.9 9 0.6 0.6 0.9 9 0.3 1.2
27
0.3 0.6 0.6
A A B B C C
A B C
m m m
m m m
+ +
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
= + +
r r r
r
k i j k i j
i j k

Position vectors relative to the mass center in m.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3
0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3
0.3 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
A A
B B
C C
= = + + = +
= = + + + + = +
= = + + + =
r r r k i j k i j k
r r r i j k i j k i k
r r r i j i j k j k

( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
9 1.333 12 kg m/s
9 0.333 3 kg m/s
9 1 9 kg m/s
A A
B B
C C
m
m
m
= =
= =
= =
v j j
v i i
v k k



( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0.3 0.6 0.3 12 0.3 0.3 3 0.6 0.6 9
3.6 3.6 0.9 5.4 1.8 0.9 3.6
G A A A B B B C C C
b m m m = + +
= + + + +
= + + = +
H r v r v r v
i j k j i k i j k k
i k j i i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1.800 kg m /s 0.900 kg m /s 3.60 kg m /s
G
= + H i j k




The masses are 9 kg.
A B C
m m m = = =

Position vectors (m):
0.9 , 0.6 0.6 0.9 , 0.3 1.2
A B C
= = + + = + r k r i j k r i j

Coordinates of mass center G expressed in m.
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 9 0.9 9 0.6 0.6 0.9 9 0.3 1.2
27
0.3 0.6 0.6
A A B B C C
A B C
m m m
m m m
+ +
=
+ +
+ + + + +
=
= + +
r r r
r
k i j k i j
i j k

Position vectors relative to the mass center expressed in m.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3
0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3
0.3 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
A A
B B
C C
= = + + = +
= = + + + + = +
= = + + + =
r r r k i j k i j k
r r r i j k i j k i k
r r r i j i j k j k

Angular momenta.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
O A A A B B B C C C
G A A A B B B C C C
m m m
m m m
= + +
= + +
H r v r v r v
H r v r v r v

Subtracting,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
O G A A A A B B B B C C C C
m m m = + + H H r r v r r v r r v

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
0
A A B B C C
A A B B C C
m m m
m m m
= + +
= + + =
r v r v r v
r v v v r L

is parallel to . L r

2
= = L r L L r r

( )
( )
2
2 2
2
45
50 , 50 N s/m
0.9

= = = =
L L
r r

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) 9 9 9 50 0.3 0.6 0.6
A A B B C C
A B C
m m m
v v v
v v v r
j i k i j k
+ + =
+ + = + +



( ) Resolve into components and solve for , , and .
A B C
a v v v

3.333 m/s
A
v =

( ) 3.33 m/s
A
= v j

1.6667 m/s
B
v =

( ) 1.667 m/s
B
= v i

3.333 m/s
C
v =

( ) 3.33 m/s
C
= v k

(b) Angular momentum about O expressed in
2
kg m /s.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.2 0
0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9
8.1 8.1 5.4 10.8 2.7
8.1 10.8 8.1 2.7 5.4
9 4.5 9
O A A A B B B C C C
A B C
A B B C C
A C B C B
m m m
v v v
v v v v v
v v v v v
= + +
= + +
= + +
= + + +
= +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j
i j k
i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
9.00 kg m /s 4.50 kg m /s 9.00 kg m /s
O
= + H i j k




Position vectors expressed in ft.
3 6 , 6 3 , 3 3
A B C
= + = + = + r i j r j k r i k

Momentum of each particle expressed in lb s.
( ) ( )
4 1
42 63 168 252
A A
W
g g g
= + = +
v
i j i j

( ) ( )
4 1
42 63 168 252
B B
W
g g g
= + = +
v
i j i j

( ) ( )
28 1
9 6 252 168
C C
W
g g g
= =
v
j k j k

Angular momentum of the system about O expressed in ft lb s.
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
1
3 6 0 0 6 3 3 0 3
168 252 0 168 252 0 0 252 168
1
252 756 504 1008 756 504 756
1
0 0 0
A A B B C C
O A B C
W W W
g g g
g
g
g
= + +

= + +

= + + + +
= + +
v v v
H r r r
i j k i j k i j k
k i j k i j k
i j k

zero
O
= H




(a)
4 4 28 36 lb
A B C
W W W W = + + = + + =

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) { }
1
4 3 6 4 6 3 28 3 3
36
A A B B C C A A B B C C
m m m W W m
m W
+ + + +
= =
= + + + + +
r r r r r r
r
i j j k i k

2.667 1.333 2.667 = + + i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 2.67 ft 1.333 ft 2.67 ft = + + r i j k

(b) Linear momentum

( )
1
A A B B C C A A B B C C
m m m m W W W
g
= + + = + + v v v v v v v

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
4 42 63 4 42 63 28 9 6
g
= + + + +

i j i j j k

( )
1
252 168
32.2
= j k

( ) ( ) 7.83 lb s 5.22 lb s m = v j k

(c) Position vectors relative to the mass center G (ft).
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 6 2.667 1.333 2.667
0.333 4.667 2.667
6 3 2.667 1.333 2.667
2.667 4.667 0.333
3 3 2.667 1.333 2.667
0.333 1.333 0.333
A A
B B
C C
= = + + +
= +
= = + + +
= + +
= = + + +
= +
r r r i j i j k
i j k
r r r j k i j k
i j k
r r r i k i j k
i j k

Angular momentum about the mass center.

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
0.333 4.667 2.667 2.667 4.667 0.333 0.333 1.333 0.333
4 42 4 63 0 4 42 4 63 0 0 28 9 28 6
A A B B C C
G A B C
W W W
g g g
g
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ \ \
= + +
v v v
H r r r
i j k i j k i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
1
672 448 700 84 56 112 308 56 84
1
896 448 672 27.827 13.913 20.870
32.2
g
= + + + +
= =
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 27.8 ft lb s 13.91 ft lb s 20.9 ft lb s
G
= H i j k



From Problem 14.28,

O G
m = + H r v H

2.667 1.333 2.667
0 7.83 5.22
27.826 13.913 20.870 27.827 13.913 20.870
0 0 0
O
=
= + + +
= + +
i j k
H
i j k i j k
i j k

From Prob 14.11,
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
1
1
3 6 0 0 6 3 3 0 3
168 252 0 168 252 0 0 252 168
252 756 504 1008 756 504 756
1
0 0 0
O A A A B B B C C C
A A A B B B C C C
m m m
W W W
g
g
g
g
= + +
= + +

= + +

1
= + + + +
= + +
H r v r v r v
r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
k i j k i j k
i j k




Linear momentum of each particle expressed in kg m/s.
3 2 4
8 6
6 15 9
A A
B B
C C
m
m
m
= +
= +
= +
v i j k
v i j
v i j k

Position vectors, (meters):

3 , 3 2.5 , 4 2
A B C
= + = + = + + r j k r i k r i j k

( )
2
Angular momentum about , kg m /s . O

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 3 1 3 0 2.5 4 2 1
3 2 4 8 6 0 6 15 9
14 3 9 15 20 18 33 42 48
34 65 57
O A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= + +

= + + + + + + +
= + +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j k i j k
i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
34 kg m /s 65 kg m /s 57 kg m /s
O
= + + H i j k





3 , 3 2.5 , 4 2
A B C
= + = + = + + r j k r i k r i j k

( ) Mass center: a

( )
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m + + = + + r r r r

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 6 1 3 2 3 2.5 3 4 2
3 1.5 1.5
= + + + + + +
= + +
r j k i k i j k
r i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 3.00 m 1.500 m 1.500 m = + + r i j k

Linear momentum of each particle, ( ) kg m/s .
3 2 4
8 6
6 15 9
A A
B B
C C
m
m
m
= +
= +
= +
v i j k
v i j
v i j k

(b) Linear momentum of the system, ( ) kg m/s.
17 19 5
A A B B C C
m m m m = + + = + v v v v i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 17.00 kg m/s 19.00 kg m/s 5.00 kg m/s m = + v i j k

Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters).
3 1.5 0.5
1.5
0.5 0.5
A A
B B
C C
= = +
= = +
= = +
r r r i j k
r r r j k
r r r i j k

(c) Angular momentum about G, ( )
2
kg m /s .
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1.5 0.5 0 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5
3 2 4 8 6 0 6 15 9
5 10.5 1.5 6 8 12 3 6 12
2 24.5 25.5
G A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= + +

= + + + + + + + +
= + +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j k i j k
i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2.00 kg m /s 24.5 kg m /s 25.5 kg m /s
G
= + + H i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 1.5 1.5
17 19 5
36 kg m /s 40.5 kg m /s 31.5 kg m /s
m =
= + +
i j k
r v
i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
34 kg m /s + 65 kg m /s 57 kg m /s
G
m + = + H r v i j k



Angular momentum about O.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
0 3 1 3 0 2.5 4 2 1
3 2 4 8 6 0 6 15 9
14 3 9 15 20 18 33 42 48
34 kg m /s + 65 kg m /s 57 kg m /s
O A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= + +

= + + + + + + +
= +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i j k i j k i j k
i j k

Note that

O G
m = + H H r v




The mass center moves as if the projectile had not exploded.
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
0
1 1
60 2 9.81 2
2 2
120 m 19.62 m
t gt
| |
= =
|

\
=
r v j i j
i j

( )
A B A A B B
m m m m + = + r r r

( )
( )( ) ( )
1
1
20 120 19.62 8 120 10 20
12
120 26.033 13.333
B A B A A
B
m m m
m
= +

=

= +
r r r
i j i j k
i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 120.0 m 26.0 m 13.33 m
B
= + r i j k




There are no external forces. The mass center moves as if the explosion had not occurred.
( )( )
( )
0
450 4 1800 m t = = = r v i i

( )
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m + + = + + r r r r

( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
1
1
500 1800 300 1200 350 600
50
150 2500 450 900
3300 750 900
C A B C A A B B
C
m m m m m
m
= + +

=
+ +
= + +
r r r r
i i j k
i j k
i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 3300 m 750 m 900 m
C
= + + r i j k




Mass center at time of first collision.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
9600 2800 27.8 3600 38.4 3200 120
40 ft 22.508 ft
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m
W W W W W W
+ + = + +
+ + = + +
= + +
=
r r r r
r r r r
r j j i
r i j

Mass center at time of photo.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2
9600 2800 30.3 50.7 3600 30.3 61.2
3200 59.4 45.6
40 ft 22.5375 ft
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m
W W W W W W
+ + = + +
+ + = + +
= + + +
+
= +
r r r r
r r r r
r i j i j
i j
r i j

Since no external horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved, and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v

(1)

2 1
t = r r v

(2)

Combining (1) and (2), ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m t

+ + = + +

r r v v v
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
W W W W W W t

+ + = + +

r r v v v
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
9600 80 45.0455 0 3600 3200 66
B
v t

+ = + +

i j j i

Components. : 768000 211200t = i 3.64 s t =

: 432440 3600
B
v t = j

( )
( )( )
432440
30.034
3600 3.6363
B
v = =

30.0 ft/s
B
v =




Mass center at time of first collision.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1
1
9600 2800 27.8 3600 38.4 3200 120
40 ft 22.508 ft
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m
W W W W W W
+ + = + +
+ + = + +
= + +
=
r r r r
r r r r
r j j i
r i j

Mass center at time of photo.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2
9600 2800 30.3 50.7 3600 30.3 61.2
3200 59.4 45.6
40 ft 22.5375 ft
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m
W W W W W W
+ + = + +
+ + = + +
= + + +
+
= +
r r r r
r r r r
r i j i j
i j
r i j

Since no external horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved, and the mass center moves at constant
velocity.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v

(1)

2 1
t = r r v

(2)

Combining (1) and (2), ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m t

+ + = + +

r r v v v
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
1 1 1
A B C A A B B C C
W W W W W W t

+ + = + +

r r v v v

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
1 1
9600 80 45.0455 0 3600 3200 3.4
B C
v v

+ = + +

i j j i

Components.

( ) ( )
1 1
: 432440 12240 , 35.33 ft/s,
B B
v v = = j

24.1mi/h
B
v =

( ) ( )
1 1
: 768000 10880 , 70.588 ft/s,
C C
v v = = i

48.1mi/h
C
v =




Projectile motion

2
0, 9.81 m/s , 0
x y z
a a g a = = = =

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0
0
165 m/s, 0, 0
x y z
v v v = = =

After the chain breaks the mass center continues the original projectile motion.
At 1.5 s, t =

( ) ( )( )
0
0
0 165 1.5 247.5 m
x
x x v t = + = + =

( ) ( )( )
2
2
0
0
1 1
15 0 9.81 1.5 3.9638 m
2 2
y
y y v t gt = + = + =

( )
0
0
0
z
z z v t = + =

Position of first cannon ball at this time is
1 1 1
240 m, 0, 7 m x y z = = =

Definition of mass center: ( )
1 2 1 1 2 2
m m m m + = + r r r

( )
1 2
2 1
2 2
m m m
m m
1
+
= r r r

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
30 15
247.5 3.9638 240 7
15 15
255 m . m 7
= + +
= + 7 9276
i j i k
i j k

Position of second cannon ball:
2 2 2
255 m, 7.93 m, 7 m x y z = = =




Place the vertical y axis along the initial vertical path of the rocket. Let the x axis be directed to the right (east).
Motion of the mass center: 0, 0, 0
x x
a v x = = =

2
9.81 m/s
y
a g = =

0
28 9.81
y y
v v a t t = + =

2 2
0 0
1
60 28 4.905
2
At 5.85 s, 0, 55.939 m
y
y y v t a t t t
t x y
= + + = +
= = =

:
A A B B
Definition of mass center m m m = + r r r

component : 3 1 2
0 74.4 2 37.2 m
A B
B B
x x x x
x x
= +
= + =

( )( )
component : 3 1 2
3 55.939 0 2 83.9 m
A B
B B
y y y y
y y
= +
= + =

. Position of part B

37.2 m(east), 83.9 m(up)




Velocities of pieces C and D after impact and fracture.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2.1
3 m/s, 3tan30 m/s
0.7
2.1
2.333 m/s, 2.3333tan m/s
0.9
C
C C
x y
C
D
D D
x y
D
x
v v
t
x
v v
t

= = = =
= = = =

Assume that during the impact the impulse between spheres A and B is directed along the x axis. Then, the y
component of momentum of sphere A is conserved.
( ) 0
A
y
m v =

Conservation of momentum of system:

( ) ( ) ( )
0
: 0
A B A A C C D D
x x
m v m m v m v m v + = + +

( ) ( ) ( ) 4.8 0 3 2.3333
2 2
A
m m
m mv + = + +

( ) a

2.13 m/s
A
= v

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : 0 0
A B A A C C D D
y y y
m m m v m v m v + = + +

( ) ( ) 0 0 0 3tan30 2.3333tan
2 2
m m
+ = +

( ) b

3
tan tan30 0.7423
2.3333
= =

36.6 =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
3 3tan30
C C C
x y
v v v = + = +
o

3.46 m/s
C
v =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2.3333 2.3333tan36.6
D D D
x y
v v v = + = +
o

2.91m/s
D
v =




( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
Velocity vectors: cos30 sin30
sin7.4 cos7.4
sin 49.3 cos 49.3
cos 45 sin 45
A A
B B
C C
v
v
v
v
= +
= +
=
= +
v i j
v i j
v i j
v i j

0 A A A B B C C
m m m m = + + v v v v

Divide by and substitute data.
A B C
m m m = =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 cos30 sin30 sin7.4 cos7.4 sin 49.3 cos 49.3
2.1 cos 45 sin 45
A B
v v + = + +
+ +
i j i j i j
i j

Resolve into components and rearrange.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
: sin7.4 sin 49.3 4cos30 2.1cos 45
: cos 7.4 cos 49.3 4sin30 2.1sin 45
A B
A B
v v
v v
+ =
=
i
j
o
o

Solving simultaneously,

(a)
2.01 m/s
A
v =

(b)
2.27 m/s
B
v =




( ) ( )
0
190 mi/h east 278.67 ft/s
Place orgin at point of impact.
A
= = v i

0 0 0
0, 0, 0 x y z = = =

After impact the motion is projectile motion.

2
0 0
1
2
t gt = + r r v j

0
0
1
2
gt
t
= +
r r
v j

where ( ) ( ) ( ) 1600 ft 2400 ft 400 ft = + r i j k

0
0 = r

( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
1600 2400 400 1
32.2 12
12 12 12 2
133.333 ft/s ft/s 33.333 ft/s

= + +

= 6.80 +
v i j k j
i j k

Impact: Conservation of momentum.

( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0
A A B B A B
m m m m + = + v v v

( ) ( )
0
0 0
A B A
B A
B B
m m m
m m
+
= v v v

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
23000 10000
133.333 6.80 33.333 278.67
13000 13000
21.537 ft/s 12.031 ft/s 58.975 ft/s
= +
= +
i j k i
i j k

Components: ( ) 21.537 ft/s 14.69 mi/h east = i

( ) 58.974 ft/s 40.2 mi/h south = k

( ) 12.031 ft/s 8.20 mi/h down = j




Weight of arrow: 2 oz 0.125 lb.
Weight of bird: 6 lb.
A
B
W
W
= =
=

Conservation of momentum: Let v be velocity immediately after impact.
A B A B
A B
W W W W
g g g
+
+ = v v v

( )( ) ( )( ) 0.125 180 240 6 30
6.125
29.388 3.6735 4.8980
A A B B
A B A B
W W
W W W W
+ +
= + =
+ +
= + +
j k i v v
v
i j k

( )
2
0
0
1
Vertical motion:
2
y
y y v t gt = +

( )
2 2
1
0 45 3.6735 32.2 or 0.22817 2.7950 0
2
t t t t = + =

Solving for , 1.7898 s t t =

Horizontal motion: ,
x z
x v t z v t = =

( )( )
( )( )
29.388 1.7898 52.6 ft
4.8980 1.7898 8.77 ft
x
z
= =
= =

( ) ( ) 52.6 ft 8.77 ft
P
= + r i k




( )
( )
( )
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
Position vectors (mm): 80 80 40 120
33 70 10 78.032
48 15 50.289
A A A A
B B B B
C C C C
= + + =
= + =
= =
i j k
i j k
j k

1 2
1 2
1 2
Unit vectors: Along , 0.66667 0.66667 0.33333
Along , 0.42290 0.89707 0.12815
Along , 0.95448 0.29828
A
B
C
A A
B B
C C
= + +
= +
=
i j k
i j k
j k

Velocity vectors after the collisions:
A A A B B B C C C
v v v = = = v v v

0 0 0
4 4 4 4
A B C
m m m m m m + + = + + u v v v v v

Divide by m and substitute data.
( ) 600 750 800 2400 2400 4 4
A A B B C C
v v v + + + = + + i j k j j

Resolving into components,
: 600 0.66667 1.69160
: 5550 0.66667 3.58828 3.81792
: 800 0.33333 0.51260 1.19312
A B
A B C
A B C
v v
v v v
v v v
=
= + +
=
i
j
k

Solving the three equations simultaneously,
919.26 m/s, 716.98 m/s, 619.30 m/s
A B C
v v v = = =

919 m/s
A
v =

717 m/s
B
v =

619 m/s
C
v =




(ft): Position vectors

18
D
= r k

/ /
/ /
/ /
7.5 7.5 18 19.5
18 9 18 9 18 27
13.5 13.5 18 22.5
A A D A D
B B D B D
C C D C D
r
r
r
= = =
= + = + =
= = =
r i r i k
r i j r i j k
r j r j k

( )
( )
( )
/
/
/
1
: Along , 7.5 18
19.5
1
Along , 18 9 18
27
1
Along , 13.5 18
22.5
A D A
B D B
C D C
Unit vectors =
= +
=
r i k
r i j k
r j k

Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the
explosition have the directions of the unit vectors.
A A A B B B C C C
v v v = = = v v v

0
A A B B C C
m m m m = + + v v v v

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
18 8 6 4
60 45 1800 7.5 18 18 9 18 13.5 18
19.5 27 22.5
A B C
v v v
g g g g

= + + +

i j k i k i j k j k

Multiply by g and resolve into components.
1080 60 108
19.5 27
810 54 52
27 22.5
32400 144 108 72
19.5 27 22.5
A B
B C
A B C
v v
v v
v v v

= +

=

=

Solving,

119.944
19.5
A
v
=

2340 ft/s
A
v =

76.635
27
B
v
=

2070 ft/s
B
v =

95.160
22.5
C
v
=

2140 ft/s
C
v =




(ft): Position vectors

18
D
= r k

/ /
/ /
/ /
7.5 7.5 18 19.5
18 9 18 9 18 27
13.5 13.5 18 22.5
A A D A D
B B D B D
C C D C D
r
r
r
= = =
= + = + =
= = =
r i r i k
r i j r i j k
r j r j k

( )
( )
( )
/
/
/
1
: Along , 7.5 18
19.5
1
Along , 18 9 18
27
1
Along , 13.5 18
22.5
A D A
B D B
C D C
Unit vectors =
= +
=
r i k
r i j k
r j k

Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the explosition
have the directions of the unit vectors.
A A A B B B C C C
v v v = = = v v v

/
19.5
where 1950 ft/s
0.010
A D
A
A
r
v
t
= = =

/
27
1500 ft/s
0.018
B D
B
B
r
v
t
= = =

C/
22.5
1875 ft/s
0.012
D
C
C
r
v
t
= = =

( ) ( ) so that 750 ft/s 1800 ft/s
A
= v i k
( ) ( ) ( ) 1000 ft/s + 500 ft/s 1000 ft/s
B
= v i j k
( ) ( ) 1125 ft 1500 ft/s
C
= v j k
0 A A B B C C
m m m m = + + v v v v
( ) ( ) ( )
0
750 1800 1000 500 1000 1125 1500
A B C
W W W W
v
g g g g

= + + +

k i k i j k j k


Divide by g and resolve into components.

0
: 0 750 1000
: 0 500 1125
: 1800 1000 1500
A B
B C
A B C
W W
W W
Wv W W W
= +
=
=
i
j
k

(1)
(2)
(3)

Since mass is conserved, 6 lb
A B C
W W W W = + + =

(4)

Solving equations (1), (2), and (4) simultaneously,

(a) 2.88 lb, 2.16 lb, 0.96 lb
A B C
W W W = = =
substituting into (3),

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
0
6 1800 2.88 1000 2.16 1500 0.96 v =

(b)
0
1464 ft/s v =




( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
1
1 1
From Eq. (14.7),
n
O i i i
i
n
i i i
i
n n
i i i i i
i i
G
m
m
m v r m
m
=
=
= =
=
= +

= +
= +

H r v
r r v
r v
r v H




( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1 1
1
1
if, and only if, 0
i A i
n
A i i i
i
n
i i A i
i
n n
i i A i i i
i i
n
i i A A
i
n
i i A A A
i
A A A
A A A A
m
m
m m
m
m
m
m
=
=
= =
=
=
= +
=
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
= =
v v v
H r v
r v v
r v r v
r v H
r r v H
r r v H
H H r r v

This condition is satisfied if,
( ) 0 Point has zero velocity.
or ( ) Point coincides with the mass center.
or ( ) is parallel to . Velocity is directed along line .
A
A
A A A
a A
b A
c AG
=
=
v
r r
v r r v




From equation (1),

( )
1
n
A i i i
i
m
=
=
H r v

( ) ( )
1
n
A i A i i A
i
m
=
=

H r r v v

Differentiate with respect to time.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
n n
A i A i i A i A i i A
i i
m m
= =
= +

H r r v v r r v v
&
& & & &

But

, , , and
i i i i A A A A
= = = = r v v a r v v a & & & &

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1
1
1 1
Hence, 0
n
A i A i i A
i
n
i A i i A
i
n n
i A i i i A A
i i
A A A
m
m
m
m r
=
=
= =
= +

=

=

=

H r r a a
r r F a
r r F r r a
M r a
&

( ) if, and only if, 0
A A A A
M m = = H r r a
&

This condition is satisfied if
( ) 0 The frame is newtonian.
or ( ) Point coincides with the mass center.
or ( ) is parallel to . Acceleration is directed along line .
A
A
A A A
a
b A
c AG
=
=
a
r r
a r r a




The masses are m for the bullet and
A
m and
B
m for the blocks.
The bullet passes through block A and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved.
( ) ( )
0 0
Initial momentum: 0 0
A B
mv m m mv + + =

Final momentum:
B A A B B
mv m v m v + +

0
Equating,
B A A B B
mv mv m v m v = + +

( )( ) ( )( )
3
0
3 3 2.5 5
43.434 10 kg
500 5
A A B B
B
m v m v
m
v v
+ +
= = =

The bullet passes through block A. Momentum is conserved.
( )
0 0
Initial momentum: 0
A
mv m mv + =

1
Final momentum:
A A
mv m v +

0 1
Equating,
A A
mv mv m v = +

( )
( ) ( )( )
3
0
1
3
43.434 10 500 3 3
292.79 m/s
43.434 10
A A
mv m v
v
m
= = =

(a) Bullet passes through block A. Kinetic energies.

( )
( )
2
2 3
0 0
1 1
Before: 43.434 10 500 5429 J
2 2
T mv

= = =

( )
( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2 3
1 1
1 1 1 1
After: 43.434 10 292.79 3 3 1875 J
2 2 2 2
A A
T mv m v

= + = + =

0 1
Lost: 5429 1875 3554 J T T = =

energy lost 3550 J =

(b) Bullet becomes embedded in block B. Kinetic energies.

( )
( )
2
2 3
2 1
1 1
Before: 43.434 10 292.79 1861.7 J
2 2
T mv

= = =

( ) ( )( )
2
2
3
1 1
After: 2.54343 5 31.8 J
2 2
B B
T m m v = + = =

2 3
Lost: 1862 31.8 1830 J T T = =

energy lost 1830 J =




Data and results from Prob. 14.1.
Masses: 1350 kg,
A B
m m = = 5400 kg
c
m =
Initial velocities:
0 0
( ) ( ) 0,
A B
v v = =
0
( ) 8 km/h = 2.2222 m/s
c
v =
Velocities after first collision:

1
( ) 0,
A
v =
1 1
( ) ( ) 1.77778 m/s
B c
v v = =
Velocities after second collision
2.9630 m/s,
A
v = 1.18519 m/s
B c
v v = =
Initial kinetic energy:
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
A A B B c B
T m v m v m v = + +

2 3
0
1
0 0 (5400) (2.2222) 13.3333 10 J
2
T = + + =
Kinetic energy after the first collision:
( )
2
2 2
1 1 1
1
1 1 1
( ) ( )
2 2 2
A A B B c c
T m v m v m v = + +

2 2 3
1 1
0 (1350) (1.77778) (5400) (1.77778) 10.6667 10 J
2 2
= + + =
Kinetic energy after the second collision:

2 2 2
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
A A B B c c
T m v m v m v = + +

2 2 2 3
1 1 1
(1350) (2.9630) (1350) (1.18519) (5400) (1.18519) 10.6668 10 J
2 2 2
= + + =
Kinetic energy lost in first collision:
3
0 1
2.6667 10 J T T =
2.67 kJ
Kinetic energies before and after second collision:
2 1
10.67 kJ T T = =




( )( ) 22 2000 4000 3700
The masses are 124.2 slugs, 114.9 slugs, and 1366.5 slugs
32.2 32.2 32.2
A B F
m m m = = = = = =

Let , , and be the sought after velocities in ft/s, positive to the right.
A B F
v v v

Initial values:

( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0.
A B F
v v v = = =


( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0.
A A B B F F
m v m v m v + + =

conserved.
0
A A B B F F
m v m v m v = + +

124.2 114.9 1366.5 0
A B F
v v v + + =

(1)

The relative velocities are given as

/
/
7 ft/s
3.5 ft/s
A F A F
B F B F
v v v
v v v
= =
= =

(2)
(3)

6.208 ft/s, 2.708 ft/s, 0.7919 ft/s
A B F
v v v = = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
0 0 0
1 1 1
Initial kinetic energy: 0
2 2 2
A A B B C
T m v m v v = + + =

2 2 2
2
1 1 1
Final kinetic energy:
2 2 2
A A B B C C
T m v m v m v = + +

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
124.2 6.208 114.9 2.708 1366.5 0.7919
2 2 2
3243 ft lb
T = + +
=

Work done by engines:

1 1
T U +
2 2
T =

1
U
2 2 1
3243 ft lb T T = =

1
U
2
3240 ft lb =




From the solution to Prob. 14.27,
Initial velocity of 6-lb shell:
0
1464 ft/s v =
Weights of fragments: 2.88 lb,
A
W = 2.16 lb,
B
W = 0.96 lb
c
W =
Speeds of fragments: 1950 ft/s,
A
v = 1500 ft/s,
B
v = 1875 ft/s
c
v =
Total kinetic energy before the explosion.
( )
2
2 3
0 0
1 1 6
1464 199.69 10 ft lb
2 2 32.2
W
T v
g

= = =

Total kinetic energy after the explosion.

2 2 2
1
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B c
A B c
W W W
T v v v
g g g
= + +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 1 2.88 1 2.16 1 0.96
1950 1500 1875
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2

= + +

3
297.92 10 ft lb =
Increase in kinetic energy.
3
1 0
98.2 10 ft lb T T =




Velocity of mass center:
( )
A B A A B B
m m m m + = + v v v

A A B B
A B
m m
m m
+
=
+
v v
v

Velocities relative to the mass center:
( )
( )
B A B A A B B
A A A
A B A B
A A B A A B B
B B B
A B A B
m m m
m m m m
m m m
m m m m
+
= = =
+ +
+
= = =
+ +
v v v v
v v v v
v v v v
v v v v

Energies:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
A B A B A B
A A A A
A B
A B A B A B
B B B B
A B
m m
E m
m m
m m
E m
m m

= =
+

= =
+
v v v v
v v
v v v v
v v

( ) : a Ratio

/ /
A B B A
E E m m =

( ) 135 km/h 37.5 m/s
A
b = = v , 90 km/h 25 m/s
B
= = v

62.5 m/s
A B
= v v

( )( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
3
2
2400 1350 62.5
607.5 10 J
2 3750
A
E = =

608 kJ
A
E =

( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2
6
2
2400 1350 62.5
1.08 10 J
2 3750
B
E = =

1080 kJ
B
E =




( ) :
A B A A B B
Velocity of mass center m m m m + = + v v v

A A B B
A B
m m
m m
+
=
+
v v
v

Velocities relative to the mass center:
( )
( )
B A B A A B B
A A A
A B A B
A A B A A B B
B B B
A B A B
m m m
m m m m
m m m
m m m m
+
= = =
+ +
+
= = =
+ +
v v v v
v v v v
v v v v
v v v v

Energies:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
A B A B A B
A A A A
A B
A B A B A B
B B B B
A B
m m
E m
m m
m m
E m
m m

= =
+

= =
+
v v v v
v v
v v v v
v v

( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
1 1
Energies from tests: ,
2 2
A A B B
E m v E m v = =

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
0 0
2
2
2
0 0
Serverities:
B A B A B A
A
A
A B
A A B A B B
B
B
A B
m E
S
E
m m v
m E
S
E
m m v

= =
+

= =
+
v v v v
v v v v

: Ratio

2
2
A B
B A
S m
S m
=




(a) A strikes B and C simultaneously.
During the impact, the contact impulses make 30 angles with the velocity
0
v

( )
( )
Thus, cos30 sin30
cos30 sin30
B B
C C
v
v
= +
=
v i j
v i j

By symmetry,
A A
v = v i

0
A B C
m m m m = + + v v v v

0
component: 0 0 sin30 sin30
component: cos30 cos30
B C C B
A B C
y mv mv v v
x mv mv mv mv
= + =
= + +

( )
0 0
0
2
,
cos30 3 3
A A
B C A B C
v v v v
v v v v v v

+ = = = =
o

Conservation of energy:

2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
mv mv mv mv = + +

( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
0 0
2
2 2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
2
3
2
3
2 1 5 1

3 3 3 5
6 2 3
5 5 3
A A
A A A A
A A A A
B C
v v v v
v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v
v v v v
= +
= + =
+ = = =
= = =

0
0.200
A
v = v

0
0.693
B
v = v

30



(b) A strikes B before it strikes C.
First impact; A strikes B.
During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30 angle with the velocity
0
. v

( ) Thus, cos30 sin30
B B
v = + v i j

0
Conservation of momentum.
A B
m m m = + v v v

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 0
component: 0 sin30 sin30
component: cos30 cos30
A B A B
y y
A B A B
x x
y m v mv v v
x v m v mv v v v
= + =
= + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
0
2 2
2
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
cos30 sin30
2 2 2
1
2 cos30 cos 30 sin 30
2
A A B
x y
B B B
B B B B
mv m v m v mv
m v v v v
m v v v v v v
= + +
= + +
= + + +

( )
( )
2
0 0 0 0
0 0
3 1
cos30 , sin 30 ,
2 4
3
cos30 sin30
4
B A
x
A
y
v v v v v v
v v v
= = = =
= =

Second impact: A strikes C.
During the impact, the contact impulse makes a 30
o
angle with the velocity
0
. v

( ) Thus, cos30 sin30
C C
v = v i j

A A C
m m m = + v v v



( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
0
component: cos30 ,
1
cos30 cos30
4
component: sin30
3
sin30 sin30
4
A A C
x x
A A C C
x x
A A C
y y
A A C C
y y
x m v m v mv
v v v v v
y m v m v mv
v v v v v
= +
= =
=
= + = +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2 2
0 0
2 2 2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 3 1 1 3
cos30 sin30
2 16 16 2 4 4
1 1 1
cos30 cos 30
2 16 2
3 3
sin30 sin 30
16 2
A A A A C
x y x y
C C C
C C
C C C
m v m v m v m v mv
m v v m v v v v v
m v v v v
v v v v v
+ = + +
| |
| |

+ = + + + |
|

|

\
\
= +
+ + +

2
0
1 3
0 cos30 sin30 2
2 2
C C
v v v

= + +

( )
( )
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 3 3
cos30 sin30
4 4 4
1 3 1
cos30
4 4 8
3 3 3
sin30
4 4 8
C
A
x
A
y
v v v
v v v v
v v v v

= + =

= =
= + =

0
0.250
A
v = v

60

0
0.866
B
v = v

30

0
0.433
C
v = v

30




(a) Velocity of B at maximum elevation. At maximum elevation ball B is at rest relative to cart A.
B A
= v v
Use impulse-momentum principle.

components: x

( )
0
0
A A A B B A B B
m v m v m v m m v + = + = +

0 A
B
A B
m v
v
m m
=
+

(b) Conservation of energy:
( )
( )
2
1 0 1
2 2
2 2 2 0
2
2
1
, 0
2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A
A
A A B B A B B
A B
B
T m v V
m v
T m v m v m m v
m m
V m gh
= =
= + = + =
+
=

( )
2 2 1 1
2 2
2 0
0
1
2 2
A
B A
A B
T V T V
m v
m gh m v
m m
+ = +
+ =
+

2 2
2 0
0
1
2
A
A
B A B
m v
h m v
m g m m

=

+

2
0
2
A
A B
m v
h
m m g
=
+




Velocity vectors: ( )
0 0
cos30 sin30 v = v i j
0
15 ft/s v =

A A
v = v j

( )
( )
sin30 cos30
cos30 sin30
B B
C C
v
v
=
= +
v i j
v i j


0 A B C
m m m m = + + v v v v
Divide by m and resolve into components.
i:
0
cos30 sin30 cos30
B C
v v v = +
j:
0
sin30 cos30 sin30
A B C
v v v v = +
Solving for and ,
B C
v v
( ) ( )
0 0
3 1

2 2
B A C A
v v v v v v = = +
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
mv mv mv mv = + +
Divide by
1
2
m and substitute for and .
B C
v v
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
0 0 0
2 2
0 0
3 1
4 4
2
A A A
A A
v v v v v v
v v v v
= + + +
= +

0
1
7.5 ft/s
2
A
v v = = 7.50 ft/s
A
v =
( )
3
15 7.5 6.4952 ft/s
2
B
v = = 6.50 ft/s
B
v =
( )
1
15 7.5 11.25 ft/s
2
C
v = + = 11.25 ft/s
C
v =




0 0
cos 45 sin 45 v = + v i j
0
15 ft/s v =

A A
v = v j

( )
( )
sin60 cos60
cos60 sin60
B B
C C
v
v
=
= +
v i j
v i j


0 A B C
m m m m = + + v v v v
i:
0
cos 45 sin 60 cos 60
B C
v v v = +
j:
0
sin 45 cos 60 sin 60
A B C
v v v v = +
Solving for and ,
B C
v v
0 0
0.25882 0.5 0.96593 0.86603
B A C A
v v v v v v = =
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
mv mv mv mv = + +
Divide by m and substitute for and .
B C
v v

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
0 0 0
2 2
0 0
0.25882 0.5 0.96593 0.86603
1.4142 2
A A A
A A
v v v v v v
v v v v
= + + +
= + +

0
0.70711 10.607 ft/s
A
v v = = 10.61 ft/s
A
v =

0
0.61237 9.1856 ft/s
B
v v = = 9.19 ft/s
B
v =

0
0.35356 5.303 ft/s
C
v v = = 5.30 ft/s
C
v =




1
sin ,
3
=
8
cos ,
3
= 19.471 =
Velocity vectors
0 0
v = v j
( ) cos sin
A A
v = v i j
( )
/
sin cos
B A B
u = v i j

/ B A B A
= + v v v

C C
v = v j
0 /
2
A B C A B A C
m m m m m m m = + + = + + v v v v v v v
i: 0 2 cos sin
A B
v u =
j :
0
2 sin cos
A B C
v v u v = + +
Solving for and ,
A B
v u ( ) ( )
0 0
1
0.94281
6
A C B C
v v v u v v = + = +
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
mv mv mv mv = + +

( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
A A B C
mv m v u mv = + + +
Divide by
1
2
m and substitute for and .
A B
v u
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
0 0 0
1
2 0.94281
6
C C C
v v v v v v

= + + + +

( )
2
2 2
0 0 0
0.94445 0.02857
C C C
v v v v v v = + =
0
0.0286
C
v = v
[
0 0
0.17143 0.17143
A A
v v v = = v ] 19.471 ,
0
0.1714
A
v = v 19.5
[
0 / 0
0.96975 0.96975
B B A
u v v = v ] 19.471

/ B A B A
= + v v v 0.985
B
= v 80.1




1 8
sin , cos , 19.471
3 3
= = =
C strikes B.

0 0
or
B C B C
m m m v v v = + = v v v
( )
2
2 2
0
1 1 1
2 2 2
B C
mv m v mv = +
( )
2
2 2
0 0 C C
v v v v = +
0
C
v =

0 B
v v =
Cord becomes taut.
Velocity vectors:

A A
v = v

/ B A B
u = v
/ B A A B A
m m m m = + + v v v v
+ : sin 2
B A
v v =
0
1 1
sin
2 6
A B
v v v = =



(a)
0
6
A
v
= v 19.5
+ : cos
B B
v u =
0
cos 8
3
B B
v
u v = =

0
1
19.471
6
B
v

=

v [
0
0.94281v + ] 19.471
[
0
0.95743
B
v = v ] 80.8
0
0.957
B
v = v 80.5
0
C
= v
2
1 0
1
2
T mv =
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B C
T mv mv mv = + +
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
0 0
1 1 1
.95743 0 0.94444
2 6 2
mv mv

| |
= + + =
|
\

(b) Fraction lost:
1 2
1
1 0.94444
0.05555
1
T T
T

= =
Fraction of energy lost = 0.0556




(a) Use part (a) of sample Problem 14.4 with
A B
m m m. = =
0 0
1
2
m
v v v
m m
= =
+

0
1
2
A B
v v v = =

(b) Consider initial position and position when 0 = again.

Conservation of momentum

0 A A B B
mv m v m v = +
0 B A
v v v + = (1)

Conservation of energy

2 2 2
0
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B
mv mv mv = + (2)

Substituting (1) into (2),
2 2 2
1 1 1
( )
2 2 2
A B A B
m v v mv mv + = +
0
A B
mv v =
Either 0
A
v = with
0 B
v v =
or 0
B
v = with
0 A
v v =
(c) Consider positions when
max
= and
min
. =

Since
/
0
B A
v = at these states

B A
v v =

Conservation of momentum

0 A B
mv mv mv = +

0
1
2
B A
v v v = =



Conservation of energy would show that the elevation of B is the same for
max
= and
min
. =
Both A and B keep moving to the right with A and B stopping intermittently.




Relative velocity and acceleration.

/ B A B A
= + = v v v [v
A
] + [v
B/A
30 ]

/ B A B A
= + = a a a [a
A
] + [a
B/A
30 ]
Draw free body diagrams and apply Newtons second law.
Block:

: F ma =
1
cos30 sin30
B B A
N m g m a = (1)
: F ma =
1 /
sin30 cos30
B B A B A
N m a m a = (2)
Wedge:

: F ma =
1
sin30
A A
N m a = (3)
Rearranging (1), (2), and (3) and applying numerical data,

1
(6sin30 ) (6)(9.81) cos30
A
N a + = (1)

1 /
(sin30 ) 6 (6cos30 ) 0
A B A
N a a + = (2)

1
(sin30 ) 10 0
A
N a = (3)

1
44.325N, N =
2
2.2163 m/s ,
A
a =
2
/
6.8243 m/s
B A
a =



Sliding motion of block relative to wedge.

2
/
/ /
( )
2
B A
B A B A
v
a s =

/ / /
2 (2) (6.8243) (1.0) 3.6944 m/s
B A B A B A
v a s = = =

v 3.6944
0.54136 s
6.8243
B/A
B/A
t
a
= = =
Motion of wedge.
(2.2163) (0.54136) 1.1998 m/s
A A
v a t = = =
(a) Velocity of B relative to A.
/
3.69 m/s
B A
= v 30
(b) Velocity of A . 1.200 m/s
A
= v




There are no external forces. Momentum is conserved.

(a) Moments about D : ( )
0
0.9 1.8 0.9
A C C A B B
m v m v m m v = + +

( )
( )( ) ( )
0
0.9 0.9
0.5 12 2.5 3.50
1.8 1.8
A B A
C B
C C
m m m
v v v
m m
+
= = = 3.50 m/s
C
v =
Moments about C : ( )
0
0.9 0.9 1.8
A A B B D D
m v m m v m v = + +

( )
( )( ) ( )( )
0
0.9 0.9
0.25 12 0.5 2.5 1.750m/s
1.8 1.8
A B A
D B
D D
m m m v
v v
m m
+
= = = 1.750 m/s
D
v =
(b) Initial kinetic energy:
( )
2
2
1 0
1 1
7.5 12 540 N m
2 2
A
T m v = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
15 2.5 7.5 3.5 15 1.750 115.78 N m
2 2 2
A B B C C D D
T m m v m v m v = + + +
= + + =

Energy lost: 540 115.78 424.22 N m =
Fraction of energy lost
424.22
0.786
540
= =
( )
1 2
1
0.786
T T
T
=




There are no external forces. Momentum is conserved.

(a) Moments about D

:
0
0.9 1.8 0.9
A C C B B
m v m v m v = +
( )( ) ( )( )
0
0.9 0.9
0.5 12 0.5 3.5 4.25
1.8 1.8
A B
C B
C C
m m
v v v
m m
= = = 4.25 m/s
C
v =
Moments about C :
0
0.9 1.8 0.9
A D D B B
m v m v m v = +
( )( ) ( )( )
0
0.9 0.9
0.25 12 0.25 3.5 2.125 m/s
1.8 1.8
A B
D B
D D
m m
v v v
m m
= = = 2.13 m/s
D
v =
(b) Initial kinetic energy:
( )
2
2
1 0
1 1
7.5 12 540 N m
2 2
A
T m v = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
1 1 1
7.5 3.5 7.5 4.25 15 2.125 147.54 N m
2 2 2
B B C C D D
T m v m v m v = + +
= + + =

Energy lost: 540 147.54 392.46 N m =
Fraction of energy lost
392.46
0.727
540
= =
( )
1 2
1
0.727
T T
T
=




(a) Linear and angular momentum.

0
0
A A B B
m m mv = + = + L v v i
0
mv = L i

0
2
( ) ( ) 0
3 3
G
l l
mv = + H j i j i
0
2
3
G
lmv = H k
Motion of mass center G. Since there is no external force,
0
constant
A A B B
m m mv = + = = L v v i
0
3m mv = v i
0
1
3
v = v i
Motion about mass center.
( ) ( )
G G i i i A A A B B B
m m m = = = + H H r v r v r v
where
2 1
3 3
A B
l , l = = r j r j

2 1
,
3 3
A B
l l = = v i v i
& &

Thus,
2 2 1 1 1
2
3 3 3 3 3
G
l ml l m l

= +

H j i j i
& &

2
2
3
ml = k
&

But H
G
is constant.
2 0
0
2 2
3 3
v
ml lmv
l
= = k k
&

0
2 2
3 3
A
v l v = =
&

0
1 1
3 3
B
v l v = =
&



(b) After 180 rotation.

0 0
1 2
3 3
A A
v v = + = v v v i i
0
1
3
A
v = v i

0 0
1 1
3 3
B B
v v = + = + v v v i i
0
2
3
B
v = v i




Masses:
2
125
3.882 lb s /ft, 2 , 3 .
32.2
A B A C A
m m m m m = = = =
Conservation of angular momentum about O.
240 240 2160 ( ) ( ) ( )
A A A x A y A z
v v v = + + = + + r i j k v i j k
600 1320 3240 500 1100 2200
B B
= + + = + + r i j k v i j k
480 960 1920 400 ( ) ( )
C C C y C z
v v = + = + + r i j k v i j k
Since the three parts pass through O, the angular momentum about O is zero.
0
0 = H
0
0
A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + + = H r v r v r v
[ 2 3 ] 0
A A A B B C C
m + + = r v r v r v
Dividing by m
A
and using determinant form,
240 240 2160 1200 2640 6480 1440 2880 5760
( ) ( ) ( ) 500 1100 2200 400 ( ) ( )
A x A y A z C y C z
v v v v v
+ +
i j k i j k i j k

[240( ) 2160( ) ] [2160( ) 240( ) ]
A z A y A x A z
v v v v = + i j

6 6
[240( ) 240( ) ] 1.320 10 0.6 10
A y A x
v v + + k i j
0 [ 2880( ) 5760( ) ]
C z C y
v v + + k i

6 6
[1440( ) 2.304 10 ] [ 1440( ) 1.152 10 ] 0
C z C y
v v + + = j k
Dividing by 240 and equating to zero the coefficients of i, j, and k,
: ( ) 9( ) 5500 12( ) 24( ) 0
A z A y C z C y
v v v v i = (1)
: 9( ) ( ) 7100 6( ) 0
A x A z C z
v v v j + = (2)
: ( ) ( ) 6( ) 4800 0
A y A x C y
v v v k = (3)
Conservation of linear momentum.
0
( )
A A B C C C A B C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v
0
( 2 3 ) 6 ( )
A A C C A
m m + + = v v v v



Dividing by m
A
and substituting given data,
( ) + ( ) ( ) (2)(500 1100 2200 ) (3)[ 400 + ( ) ( ) ] (6)(1500)
A x A y A z C y C z
v v v + v + v + + + + = i j k i j k i j k k
Separating into components,
: ( ) 1000 1200 0
A x
v i + = (4)
: ( ) 2200 3( ) 0
A y C y
v v j + + = (5)
: ( ) 4400 3( ) 9000
A z C z
v v k + + = (6)
From (4), ( ) 200 ft/s
A x
v =
Solving (3) and (5) simultaneously,
( ) 200 ft/s ( ) 800 ft/s
A y C y
v v = =
Solving (2) and (6) simultaneously,
( ) 1300 ft/s ( ) 1100 ft/s
A z C z
v v = =
(200 ft/s) (200 ft/s) (1300 ft/s)
A
= + + v i j k




Let the system consist of spheres A and B.
State 1. Instant cord DC breaks.
( )
0
1
3 1
2 2
A
m mv

=

v i j
( )
0
1
3 1
2 2
B
m mv

=

v i j
( ) ( )
1 0
1 1
A B
m m mv = + = L v v j
1
0
1
2 2
v
m
= =
L
v j
Mass center lies at point G as shown.
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
0
3 3
2 2
3
2
G A B
l m l m
lmv
= +
=
H j v j v
k

2 2 2
1 0 0 0
1 1
2 2
T mv mv mv = + =
State 2. The cord is taut. Conservation of linear momentum:
(a)
0
1
2
D
v = = v v j
0
0.500
D
v v =
Let ( )
2
and
A A B B
= + = + v v u v v u
2 1
2
A B
m m m = + + = L v u u L

B A B A
u u = = u u
( )
2
2
G A B A
lmu lmu lmu = + = H k k k



(b) Conservation of angular momentum:
( ) ( )
2 1
G G
= H H

0
3
2
2
A
lmu lmv = k k
0
3
4
A B
u u v = =

0
0.750 u v =
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2
0 0
1 1 1
2
2 2 2
1 1 9 9 13
2 2 16 16 16
A B
T m v mu mu
mv mv
= + +

= + + =

(c) Fraction of energy lost:
13
1 2 16
1
1
3
1 16
T T
T
= =

1 2
1
0.1875
T T
T
=




The system is spheres A and B and the ring D.
Initial velocities: ( )
0
cos30 sin30
A
v = v i j

( )
0
cos30 sin30
0
B
D
v =
=
v i j
v

Locate the mass center.
( ) ( )
0
0
4
sin30 cos30 sin30 cos30
1
4
A B
m m m
ml ml
l
= +
= + +
=
r r r
i j i j
r i

Velocity of mass center.
( ) ( )
0 0
0
4
cos30 sin30 cos30 sin30
1
4
A B
m m m
mv mv
v
= +
= +
=
v v v
i j i j
v j

(a) Motion of mass center
0
t = + r r v

0
1 1
4 4
l v t = r i j
(b)
/ / G AG A B G B
m m = + H r v r v

( )
( )
0
0
1
cos30 cos30 sin30
4
1
cos30 cos30 sin30
4
l l mv
l l mv

= +

+

i j i j
i j i j

0
7
4
G
lmv = H k
(c)
2 2 2
0
1 1
2 2
A B
T mv mv mv = + =
2
0
T mv =




Let m be the mass of one ball.
Conservation of linear momentum:
0
( ) ( ) m m = v v
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( )
A B C A B C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v v v
Dividing by m and applying numerical data,
(0.5 ft/s) [(3.75 ft/s) ( ) ] [( ) ( ) ] (6.5 ft/s) 0 0
B y C x C y
v v v + + + + = + + i i j i j i
Components:
: 0.5 3.75 ( ) 6.5
C x
x v + = + ( ) 2.25 ft/s
C x
v =
: ( ) ( ) 0
B y C y
y v v + = (1)
Conservation of angular momentum about O:
0
[ ( )] [ ( )] m m = r v r v
where r
A
= 0, r
B
= 0, (1.5 ft)(cos30 sin30 )
C
= + r i j
( )( ) 1.5 cos30 + sin 30 [ ( ) ( ) ] 0
C x C y
m v m v i j i j + =
Since their cross product is zero, the two vectors are parallel.
( ) ( ) tan30 2.25tan30 1.2990 ft/s
C y C x
v v = = =
From (1), ( ) 1.2990 ft/s
B y
v =
( ) 1.299 ft/s
B y
v =
(2.25 ft/s) (1.299 ft/s)
C
+ = v i j




Let m be the mass of one ball.
0
( ) ( ) m m = v v
0 0 0
( ) ( ) ( )
A B C A B C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v v v
Dividing by m and applying numerical data,
0 [(6 ft/s) ( ) ] [( ) ( ) ] (8 ft/s) 0 0
B y C x C y
v v v + + + + = + + i j i j i
Components:
: 6 ( ) 8
C x
x v + = ( ) 2 ft/s
C x
v =
: ( ) ( ) 0
B y C y
y v v + = (1)
0
[ ( )] [ ( )] m m = r v r v
where r
A
= 0, r
B
= 0, (1.5 ft)(cos 45 sin 45 )
C
= + r i j
(1.5)(cos 45 sin 45 ) [ ( ) ( ) ] 0
C x C y
m v m v + + = i j i j
Since their cross product is zero, the two vectors are parallel.
( ) ( ) tan 45 2tan 45 2 ft/s
C y C x
v v = = =
From (1), ( ) 2 ft/s
B y
v =
( ) 2.00 ft/s
B y
v =
(2.00 ft/s) (2.00 ft/s)
C
+ = v i j




0
A B A B
A B
W W W W
g g g g

+ = +

v v v
After multiplying by g, ( ) ( ) ( ) 7.2 5.76 1.44 4.8 2.4 2.4
A B B
x y
v v v + = + + i j j i j
i: ( ) 41.472 2.4
B
x
v = ( ) 17.28 ft/s
B
x
v =
j: ( ) 10.348 4.8 2.4
A B
y
v v = ( ) 4.32 2
B A
y
v v =
Speeds relative to the mass center: ( ) ( )( )
1 1
3 8 8 ft/s
3 3
A
u l = = =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
3 8 16 ft/s
3 3
B
u l = = =
Initial kinetic energy: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B A B
A B
x y
W W W W
T v v u u
g g g g
| |

= + + + +
|

\

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 7.2 1 4.8 1 2.4
5.76 1.44 8 16 18.2517 ft lb
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
T

= + + + =

Final kinetic energy: ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B B
A B B
x y
W W W
T v v v
g g g
= + +
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
1 4.8 1 2.4 1 2.4
17.28 4.32 2
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
A A
T v v

= + +

2
0.2236 0.6440 11.8234
A A
v v = +
1 2
T T =
(a)
2
0.2236 0.6440 6.4283 0, 6.9919 ft/s
A A A
v v v = = 6.99 ft/s
A
= v
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 4.32 2 6.9919 9.6638 ft/s 17.28 ft/s 9.6638 ft/s
B B
y
v = = = v i j
19.80 ft/s
B
= v 29.2


( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
0 0 0 0
1
2
3 3
7.2 4.8 2.4
7.44 5.76 1.0 8 2.0 16 6.0047 ft lb s
32.2 32.2 32.2
A B B B
O A B G A B
x x
W W W l W l
H y m m v H y v u u
g g g g

= + + = + + +

= + + =

( ) ( )
2
( )
A B
O A A B B A B y
y
W W
H m v a m v b v a v b
g g
= + = +
4.8 2.4
(6.9919) ( 9.6638)(24) 1.0423 17.2868
32.2 32.2
a a

= + =

( ) ( )
2 1
1.0423 17.2868 6.0047
O O
H H a = =
(b) 10.82 ft a = 10.82 ft a =




0
A B A B
A B
W W W W
g g g g

+ = +

v v v
( ) ( )
0
9 6 3
7.68 10.8 6.72
32.2 32.2 32.2

= +

v j i j
(a) ( ) ( )
0
3.6 ft/s 2.88 ft/s = + v i j
0
4.61 ft/s = v 38.7
Let
A
l be the distance from G to A and
B
l be the distance from G to B.
or 2
A B A
A B B A A
B
W W W
l l l l l
g g W
= = =
Let be the spin rate.
Initial kinetic energy: ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B A B
A B
W W W W
T v l l
g g g g

= + + +

( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1
2
1 9 1 6 1 3
3.6 2.88 2
2 32.2 2 32.2 2 32.2
2.9703 0.27950
A A
A
T l l
l

= + + +

= +

2 2
2
1 1
2 2
A B
A B
W W
T v v
g g
= +
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
1 6 1 3
7.68 10.8 6.72 13.0324
2 32.2 2 32.2
T

= + + =

2 1
T T = .
( ) ( )
2
13.0324 2.9703 0.27950 6.000 ft/s
A A
l l = + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
0 0 0 0
1
2
2
9 6 3
0 7.5 3.6 2 2
32.2 32.2 32.2
7.5466 0.55901 7.5466 3.3540
A B A B
O A A B B
y x
A A A
A A
W W W W
H x v y v l l l l
g g g g
l l l
l l

| |

= + + +
|

\
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |

\ \ \
= + = +

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2 1
6 3
7.68 5.58 6.72 21.6
32.2 32.2
5.5382 ft lb s
: 5.5382 7.5466 3.3540 0.600 ft
A B
O A B
y
O O A A
W W
H v a v b
g g
H H l l

= + = +

=
= = + =

(b) 2 1.200 ft
B A A B
l l l l l = = = + 1.800 ft l =
(c)
6.00
10.00
0.600
A
A
l
l
= = = 10.00 rad/s =




Velocities in m/s. Lengths in meters. Assume masses are 1.0 for each ball.
Before impacts: ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
4 , 0
A B C
v = = = = v i i v v
After impacts: ( ) ( ) 1.92 , ,
A B B B C C
x y
v v v = = + = v j v i j v i
0 A B C
= + + v v v v
i: ( ) ( ) 4 0 4
B C B C
x x
v v v v = + + =
j: ( ) ( ) 0 1.92 0 1.92
B B
y y
v v = + + =
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
v v v v = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1
4 1.92 1.92 4
2 2 2 2 2
C C
v v = + + +
2
4 3.6864 0
C C
v v + =
( ) ( )( )
2
4 4 4 3.6864
2 0.56 2.56 or 1.44
2
C
v

= = =
Conservation of angular momentum about : B
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
0
0.75 1.8
0.75 4 1.8 1.65 1.92 2.712
2.712
A C
C
C
v a v cv
cv
c
v
= +
= =
=

If 1.44,
C
v = 1.8833 off the table. Reject c =
If 2.56,
C
v = 1.059 c =
Then, ( ) 4 2.56 1.44, 1.44 1.92
B B
x
v = = = + v i j
Summary.
(a) 2.40 m/s
B
= v 53.1
2.56 m/s
C
= v
(b) 1.059 m c =




Velocities in m/s. Lengths in meters. Assume masses are 1.0 for each ball.
Before impacts: ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
5 , 0
A B C
v = = = = v i i v v
After impacts: ( ) ( ) , , 3.2
A A B B B C
x y
v v v = = + = v j v i j v i
0 A B C
= + + v v v v
i: ( ) ( ) 5 0 3.2 1.8
B B
x x
v v = + + =
j: ( ) ( ) 0 0
A B B A
y y
v v v v = + + =
2 2 2 2
0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C
v v v v = + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
5 1.8 3.2
2 2 2 2 2
A A
v v = + + +
(a)
2
5.76 2.4
A A
v v = = 2.40 m/s
A
= v
( ) 2.4
B
y
v = 1.8 2.4
B
= + v i j 3.00 m/s
B
= v 53.1
Conservation of angular momentum about : B
( )
0
0.75 1.8
A C
v a v cv = +

0
1.8 0.75
A A C
av v cv v = +
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 1.8 2.4 1.22 3.2 0.75 5 4.474 = + =
(b)
4.474 4.474
2.4
A
a
v
= = 1.864 m a =




Use a frame of reference that is translating with the mass center G of the system. Let
0
v be its velocity.
0 0
v = v i
The initial velocities in this system are ( ) ( )
0 0
,
A B
v v and ( )
0
,
C
v each having a magnitude of . l They are
directed 120 apart. Thus,
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A B C
+ + = v v v
(a) Conservation of linear momentum:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 0 0
A B C A B C
m m m m m m + + = + + v v v v v v v v v
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A B C
v v v v v v = + + j i j i i i
Resolve into components.
i: ( )
0 0
1 1
3 0 4.5
3 3
C C
v v v v = = =
0
1.500 m/s = v
j: 0 2.6 m/s
A B B A
v v v v = = =
Conservation of angular momentum about G:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 0
3
G A A B B C C
ml m r = = + + H k r v v v v r v v

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2
0
2 2
3
1
0.260 2.6 0.150 4.5 0.45033 m /s
3
A B A C C A B C
A C A C
l v v v
a d v av dv
l
= + + +
= + = +
= + =

k r r j r i r r r i
i v j j i k
( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 3
3
2 2
T ml ml = =

0 0
0 0
0 0
2.6 1.5 3.00 m/s
2.6 1.5 3.00 m/s
4.5 1.5 3.00 m/s
A A
B B
C C
= =
= =
= =
v v j i v v
v v j i v v
v v i i v v

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 0 0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
A B C
T m m m = + + v v v v v v
1 2
T T =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
3 1 1 1
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
ml m m m = + +
3 m/s l =


(b)
2 2
0.45033 m /s
0.1501 m
3 m/s
l
l
l
= = = 150.1 mm l =
(c)
3 m/s
0.1501
l
l
= = 19.99 rad/s =




Use a frame of reference that is translating with the mass center G of the system. Let
0
v be its velocity.
0 0
v = v i
The initial velocities in this system are ( ) ( )
0 0
, ,
A B
v v and ( )
0
,
C
v each having a magnitude of . l They are
directed 120 apart. Thus,
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A B C
+ + = v v v
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 0 0
A B C A B C
m m m m m m
+ + = + + v v v v v v v v v
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0
A B C
v v v v v v = + + j i j i i i
i:
0
3 0
C
v v = ( )( )
0
3 3 0.4 1.2 m/s
C
v v = = =
j: 0
A B
v v =
B A
v v =
2 2 2
1 0
1 1
3 3
2 2
T mv ml

= +

2 2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B C A C
T mv mv mv mv mv = + + = +
2 1
T T = Solve for
2
A
v .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
0
3 3 1 3 3 1
0.4 0.75 1.2
2 2 2 2 2 2
A C
v v l v = + = +
(a)
2 2
0.36375 m /s , = 0.6031 m/s
A
v = 0.603 m/s
A
= v
0.603 m/s
B
= v
1.200 m/s
C
= v


Use a frame of reference moving with velocity
0
. v
Conservation of angular momentum about G.

( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 0 0
3
G A A B B C C
ml m r m m = = + + H k r v v v v r v v
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
0
3
A B A C C A B C
l v v v = + + + k r r j r i r r r i
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3
A C A C
l l a d v av dv = + = + k i v j j i k
( )( )( ) ( ) 3 0.075 0.75 0.130 1.200
A
v d = +
(b) ( )( ) 0.1406 0.1083 0.603 0.0753 m d = = 75.3 mm d =




Mass flow rate. As the fluid moves from section 1 to section 2 in time t, the mass m moved is
( ) m A l =
Then,
1
( ) dm m A l
Av
dt t t

= = =

Data:
3 2 6 2
1
1000 kg/m , 500 mm 500 10 m , 25 m/s A v = = = =

6
(1000)(500 10 )(25) 12.5 kg/s
dm
dt

= =


:
1
( ) 0 m v P t =

m dm
P v v
t dt
= =

(12.5)(25) P =
312 N P =




Consider velocities measured with respect to the plate, which is moving
with velocity V. The velocity of the stream relative to the plate is
1
u v V = (1)
Mass flow rate. As the fluid moves from section 1 to section 2 in time t,
the mass m moved is
( ) m A l =
Then
( ) dm m A l
Au
dt t t

= = =

(2)

( ) ( ) 0 m u P t =

2
m dm
P u u Au
t dt

= = =

P
u
A
=
From (1),
1 1
P
V v u v
A
= =
Data:
2 6 2
400 N, 600 mm 600 10 m P A

= = =
3
1
30 m/s, 1000 kg/m v = =
6
400
30
(1000)(600 10 )
V

=
4.18 m/s V =




Let F be the force that the wedge exerts on the stream. Assume that the fluid speed is constant. 60 ft/s. v =
Volumetric flow rate:
3
475 gal/min ft /s Q = = 1.0583
Mass flow rate:
( )
3 3
62.4
slug/ft 1.0584 ft /s 2.051 slug/s
32.2
dm
Q
dt

= = =

1
, cos30 sin30 v v = = + v i v i j
( )
2
cos 45 sin 45 v = v i j
Impulse momentum principle:

( ) ( )
1 2
2 2
m m
m t

+ = + v F v v
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
cos30 sin30 cos 45 sin 45
2 2
2.051 60 ft/s 0.21343 0.10355
26.26 lb 12.74 lb
m
t
dm
v
dt
| |
= +
|
\

= + +

=
=
F v v v
i j i j i
i j
i j

Force that the stream exerts on the wedge:
( ) ( ) 26.26 lb 12.74 lb = + F i j drag 26.3 lb =
lift 12.74 lb =




For a fixed observer, the upstream velocity is ( ) 48 ft/s . = v i
3
500 gal/min ft /s Q = = 1.1141
Mass flow rate:
( )
3 3
62.4
32.2
dm
Q
dt

= = =

Use a frame of reference that is moving with the wedge to the left at 12 ft/s. In this frame of reference the
upstream velocity vector is
( ) ( ) 48 12 60 ft/s . = = u i i i
For the moving frame of reference the mass flow rate is ( )
60
2.1590 2.6987 slug/s.
48
dm u dm
dt v dt
= = =
1
, cos30 sin30 u u = = + u i u i j
( )
2
cos 45 sin 45 u = u i j
Let F be the force that the wedge exerts on the stream.
Impulse-momentum principle:

( ) ( )
1 2
2 2
m m
m t

+ = + u F u u
( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
cos30 sin30 cos 45 sin 45
2 2
2.6987 60 0.21343 0.10355
34.6 lb 16.76 lb
m
t
dm
u
dt
| |
= +
|
\

= + +

=
=
F u u u
i j i j i
i j
i j

Force that the stream exerts on the wedge
( ) ( ) 34.6 lb 16.76 lb = + F i j drag 34.6 lb =

lift 16.76 lb =




Let F be the force exerted on the chips. Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the chips. Assume that
the feed velocity is negligible.
( ) ( )
C
t m = F v
( ) cos 25 sin 25
C
m dm
v
t dt

= = +

F v i j
( )( )
10
60 cos 25 sin 25
32.2

= +

i j
( ) ( ) 16.89 lb 7.87 lb = + i j
0: 0
x x x
F D F = =
16.89 lb
x
D =
Force on truck hitch at D:
16.89 lb
x
D = 16.89 lb
x
D =




Initial momentum: ( ) 0.
A
m = v
Impulse momentum principle.

( )( ) ( )
x y
F F t m + = i j v
( )
o o
cos35 sin35
x y
m dm
F F v
t dt

+ = = +

i j v i j
x component:
o
Engine thrust cos35
x
dm
F v
dt
= =
Data:
3 3
8
8 m /min m /s
60
Q = =
3
1000 kg/m =
( )
8
1000 133.333 kg/s
60
dm
Q
dt

= = =

( )( )
o
133.333 50 cos35 5461 N
x
F = =
5.46 kN
x
F =




Weight: (600) (9.81) 5886 N W mg = = =


Moments about F:

1 1 1 2
( ) (3 ) (2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3( ) m v a mv a m v a W t c R t L m v h + + + =

1 2
1
6 3
m m
R cW av hv
L t t

= + +

Data: 6 m, 4 m, 1.5 m, 0.8 m, 40 kg/s
m dm
L c a h
t dt
= = = = =

[ ]
1
(4) (5886) (6) (1.5) (3) (40) (3) (0.8) (4) (40) 4040 N
6
R = + =
4040 N = R




Assume
A B
u u u = =

Moments about O :
( ) ( ) ( )
A c B
R m u x t R m u + = F k k r
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
c B A
x t R m u u = = r F k
The line of action of F passes through point O.
Components : ( ) ( ) ( ) sin cos
A B
m u F t m u + =
sin (1 cos )
m
F u
t

(1)
Components : ( ) ( ) 0 cos sin F t m u + =
cos sin
m
F u
t

(2)
Dividing (2) by (1),
2
2sin
1 cos
2
tan tan
sin 2
2sin cos
2 2
= = =
.
2
=
Thus point C lies at the midpoint of arc AB.




( )
( )( )
800
13.333 L/s 1.000 kg/L 13.333 L/s 13.333 kg/s
60
dm
Q Q
dt
= = = = =
( ) ( )( ) 30 m/s 30 m/s sin 40 cos 40
B C
= = + v j v i j
Apply the impulse momentum principle.

x components: ( ) ( )( ) 0 30sin 40
x
A t m + =
( ) ( )( ) 30sin 40 13.333 30sin 40
x
m
A
t
= =
257 N
x
A =

y components:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 30 30cos 40
y
m A t m + =
( ) ( ) 30cos 40 30 13.333 30cos 40 30
y
m
A
t
= =

93.6 N = 93.6 N
y
A =

moments about : A ( )( )( ) ( ) 0.060 30
A
m M t +

( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) 0.180 30cos 40 0.300 30sin 40 m m =
( ) ( ) ( ) 1.8 1.6484
A
m M t m =
( ) ( )( ) 3.4484 13.333 3.4484 46.0 N m
A
m
M
t
= = =

46.0 N m
A
= M
274 N = A 20.0




Mass flow rate:
3 3
2
62.4 lb/ft 40 ft /min
1.29193 lb s/ft
60 s/min 32.2 ft/s
dm
Q
dt g
= = =
75 ft/s
A B
v v = =
Use impulse - momentum principle.

moments about : D

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
15 23 15
sin60 cos 60
12 12 12
A A
m v m v C t

+

( )
3
12
B
m v

=

( )( )( )
15 15 23 3
sin60 cos 60 1.29193 75 0.37420
12 12 12 12
A
m
C v
t
| |
= + =
|

\

29.006 lb C = 0, 29.0 lb
x y
C C = =
x component: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos 60
A x B
m v D t m v + =
( ) ( )( ) cos 60 1.29193 75 75cos 60
x B A
m
D v v
t

= =

48.4 lb
x
D =

y component: ( ) ( ) ( ) sin60 0
A y
m v C t D t + + =
( )( ) sin60 29.006 1.29193 75 sin60
y A
m
D C v
t
= = +

54.9 lb
y
D =




3
300 gal/min 0 ft /s Q = = .6684
Mass flow rate:
( )
3 3
62.4
32.2
dm
Q
dt

= = =

90 ft/s
A B
v v = =
Use the impulse momentum principle.

Moments about C: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos
A P B
m v a W t l m v b =
(a) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
90 4/12 90 1/12
cos 1.2954 0.7287
40 1
A B
p
m v a v b
t W l

= = =

43.23 = 43.2 =

x components: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos
A x B
m v C t m v + =
( ) ( )( ) cos 1.2954 90cos 90 31.63 lb
x B A
m
C v v
t

= = =

y components: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 sin
y p B
C t W t m v + =
( ) ( )( ) sin 40 1.2954 90 sin 39.84 lb
y p B
m
C W v
t

= = =

(b) [31.63 lb = C ] [39.84 lb + ] 50.9 lb = C 51.6




3
300 gal/min 0 ft /s Q = = .6684
Mass flow rate:
( )
3 3
62.4
32.2
dm
Q
dt

= = =

, 45
A A
v v v = = =
Use the impulse-momentum principle.

moments about C: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos
A p B
m v a W t l m v b =
(a)
( )( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
cos 40 1 cos 45
87.338 ft/s
4 1 /
1.2954
12 12
p
A B
W l
v v
a b m t

= = = =

87.3 ft/s v =

x components: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos
A x B
m v C t m v + =
( ) ( )[ ] cos 1.2954 87.338cos 45 87.338 33.137 lb
x B A
m
C v v
t

= = =

y components: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 sin
y p B
C t W t m v + =
( )( ) sin 40 1.2954 87.338 sin 45 40.0 lb
y p B
m
C W v
t

= = =

(b) [33.137 lb = C ] [40 lb + ] 51.9 lb = C 50.4




Symbols: mass flow rate
dm
dt
=

exhaust relative to the airplane u =

speed of airplane v =

drag force D =

( ) ( ) ( ) m v D t m u + =
m dm D
t dt u v
= =

Data: 900 km/h = 250 m/s v =
600 m/s u =
35 kN 35000N D = =

35000
600 250
dm
dt
=

100 kg/s
dm
dt
=




Let F be the force exerted on the slipstream of one engine. Then, the force exerted on the airplane is 2F as
shown.
Statics.

0
B
M =
( ) ( )( ) 0.9 4.8 2 0 W F =

( )( )
( )( )
0.9 6000
2 4.8
F =
562.5 lb =
Calculation of .
dm
dt

mass density volume density area length = =
( ) ( )
( )
B B
B B B
A v t
m A l A v t
g

= = =

B B
m dm A v
t dt g

= =

Force exerted on the slipstream:
( )
B A
dm
F v v
dt
=

Assume that
A
v , the speed far upstream, is negligible.

( )
2 2
0
4
B B
B B
A v
F v D v
g g

= =

( )( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
4 562.5 32.2 4
7058.9 ft /s
6.6 0.075
B
Fg
v
D

= = =

84.0 ft/s
B
= v




Let F be the force exerted on the slipstream of one engine.
( )
B A
dm
F v v
dt
=
Calculation of .
dm
dt
( ) ( )
( )
B B
B B B
A v t
m A l A v t
g

= = =

2
or
4
B B
B
m A v dm
D v
t g dt g

= =

Assume that ,
A
v the velocity far upstream, is negligible.
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
0.075
0 6.6 60 286.87 lb
4 32.2 4
B B
F D v v
g

= = =

The force exerted by two slipstreams on the airplane is 2 . F 2 573.74 lb F =
Statics.

0:
B
M =
( ) 0.9 4.8 2 9.3 0 W F A =
( )( ) ( )( )
1
0.9 6000 4.8 573.74
9.3
A =

284.5 lb = 285 lb = A
0: 2 0
x x
F F B = =
2 573.74 lb
x
B F = =

( ) 0: 284.5 6000 0
y y y
F A B W B = + = + =

5715.5 lb
y
B =

[573.74 lb = B ] [5715.5 lb + ] 5740 lb = B 84.3




Use a frame of reference moving with the plane. Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Let F be the force that
the plane exerts on the air.

x components: ( ) ( ) ( )
A B
m u F t m u + =
( ) ( )
B A B A
m dm
F u u u u
t dt
= =
(1)

moments about B:

( ) ( ) 0
A B
e m u M t + =

B A
dm
M e u
dt
= (2)
Let d be the distance that the line of action is below B.

B
Fd M =
B A
B A
M eu
d
F u u
= =
(3)
Data: 90 kg/s,
dm
dt
= 600 m/s,
B
u = 4 m e =
(a) 480 km/h 133.333 m/s
A
u = =
From (1), ( )( )
3
90 600 133.333 42 10 N F = = 42.0 kN F =
From (2),
( )( )
( )
4 133.333
600 133.333
d =
1.143 m d =
(b) 960 km/h 266.67 m/s
A
u = =
From (1), ( )( )
3
90 600 266.67 30 10 N F = = 30.0 kN F =
From (2),
( )( )
( )
4 266.67
600 266.67
d =
3.20 m d =




The thrust on the fluid is ( )
B A
dm
F v v
dt
=
Calculation of
dm
dt
. mass density volume density area length = =
( ) ( )
B B B
m A l A v t = =

B B
m dm
A v
t dt
= =

where
B
A is the area of the slipstream well below the helicopter and
B
v is the corresponding velocity in the
slipstream. Well above the blade, 0.
A
v
Hence,
2
B
F Av =

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3
3 2
1.21 kg/m 9 m 24 m/s
4
44.338 10 kg m/s

=

=

44.3 kN F =
The force on the helicopter is 44.3 kN .
Weight of helicopter: 15kN
H
= W
Weight of payload:
P P
W = W
Statics: 0
y H P
F F W W = =
44.3 15 29.3 kN.
P H
W F W = = = 29.3 kN W =




Let
dm
dt
= mass flow rate, u = discharge velocity relative to the airliner, speed of airliner, v = and
thrust F = of the engines.
0 F D = ( ) 0
dm
u v D
dt
=
Configuration before control surface malfunction:
1
720
= 22.36 slug/s, 1860 ft/s, 560 mi/h 821.33 ft/s
32.2
dm
u v
dt
= = = =
( )( )
1 1
22.36 1860 821.33 0 23225 lb D D = =
Drag force factor:
( )
2 2 2 1
1 1 1 1
2 2
1
23225
0.03443 lb s /ft
821.33
D
D k v k
v
= = = =
After control surface malfunction:
2 2
2 1
1.2 0.04131 lb s /ft k k = =
When the new cruising speed is attained,
( )
2
2 2 2
0
dm
u v k v
dt
=
( )( )
2
2 2
22.36 1860 0.04131 0 v v =
Solving for v
2
,
2
768.6 ft/s v =
2
524 mi/h v =




Apply the impulse - momentum principle to the moving air. Use a frame of reference that is moving with the
airplane. Let F be the force on the air.
270 km/h 75 m/s
600 m/s
v
u
= =
=

( ) ( )
( )
2 sin 20
2
m
m v F t u
+ =

( ) ( )
( )( )
3
sin 20 sin 20
120 75 600sin 20 33.6 10 N
m dm
F v u v u
t dt
F
= + = +
= + =

Force on airplane is . F

33.6 kN = F




Symbols: n = number engines operating

dm
dt
= mass flow rate for one engine
u = discharge velocity relative to jetliner = 800 m/s
v = speed of jetliner
F = thrust force ( )
dm
n u v
dt
=
D = drag force
2
kv =
Force balance.
0 F D =
2
( )
dm
n u v kv
dt
=

2
1
( )
v dm
n u v k dt
=

All 3 engines operating: 3, 900km/h = 250 m/s n v = =

2
(250) 1
37.879 m/s
3(800 250)
dm
k dt
= =

(a) One engine lost: n = 2

2
37.879
2(800 )
v
v
=

2
75.758 60606 0 v v + =
211.2m/s v = 760 km/h v =
(b) 2 engines lost: n = 1

2
37.879
800
v
v
=

2
37.879 30303 0 v v + =

156.16 m/s v =

562 km/h v =




Let u be the velocity of the stream relative to the velocity of the blade. ( ) u v V =

Mass flow rate:
A
m
Av
t


( ) ( ) ( ) cos
t
m u F t m u =

( ) 1 cos ( ) (1 cos )
t A A
m
F u Av v V
t

= =

where F
t
is the tangential force on the fluid.
The force F
t
on the fluid is directed to the left as shown. By Newtons law of action and reaction, the
tangential force on the blade is F
t
to the right.
Output power:
out
( ) (1 cos )
t A A
P FV Av v V V = =

(a) V for maximum power output.

out
( 2 ) (1 cos ) 0
A
dP
A v V
dV
= =

1
2
A
v V =

(b) Maximum power.

out max
1 1
( ) (1 cos )
2 2
A A A A
P Av v v v

=

3
out max
1
( ) (1 cos )
4
A
P Av =

Input power = rate of supply of kinetic energy of the stream

2 2 3
in
1 1 1 1
( )
2 2 2
A A A
m
P m v v Av
t t

= = =



(c) Efficiency.
out
in
p
p
=
3
( ) (1 cos )
1
2
A A
A
Av v V V
Av

=
2 1 (1 cos )
A A
V V
v v

=




Data:
240
slugs/s,
32.2
dm
dt
= = 7.4534 2200 ft/s, u = 570 mi/h 836 ft/s v = =
( ) ( )( ) 7.4534 2200 836 10166 lb
dm
F u v
dt
= = =
(a) Power used to propel airplane:
( )( )
6
1
10166 836 8.499 10 ft lb/s P Fv = = =
propulsion power 15450 hp =
Power of kinetic energy of exhaust:
( ) ( )( )
2
2
1
2
P t m u v =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
6
2
1 1
7.4534 2200 836 6.934 10 ft lb/s
2 2
dm
P u v
dt
= = =
(b) Total power:
6
1 2
15.433 10 ft lb/s P P P = + =
total power 28060 hp =
(c) Mechanical efficiency:
6
1
6
8.499 10
0.551
15.433 10
P
P
= =

mechanical efficiency 0.551 =




Kinetic energy of fluid in slipstream passing in time . t
2 2
1 1
mass speed density volume speed
2 2
T = =

2
1
density area length speed
2
=

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1

2 2
A l v Av t v = =

3
1
2
T
Av
t

Input power
3
1
2
dT
Av
dt
= =
Data:
3
1.2 kg/m =
( )
2
2 2
6.5 33.183 m
4 4
A d

= = =
30 km/h 8.333 m/s v = =
(a)

( )( )( )
3
3
1
1.2 33.183 8.333 11.521 10 N m/s
2
dT
dt
= =

11.52 kJ/s
Input power 11.521 kW
dT
dt
= =
(b) Output power ( )( ) 0.4 11.521 4.61 kW = =

output power 4.61 kW =




Kinetic energy of fluid in slipstream passing in time . t
2 2
1 1
mass speed density volume speed
2 2
T = =

2
1
density area length speed
2
=

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
A l v Av t v = =

3
1
2
T
Av
t

(1)

Data: output power 3.5 kW 3500 W = =

3500
input power 10000 W
0.35
= =
input power 10, 000 W, 36 km/h 10 m/s
dT
v
dt
= = = =
Using (1),
( )( )
( )( )
2
3 3
2 10000 2
16.667 m
1.2 10
dT
A
dt v
= = =
(a)
( )( )
2
4 16.667 4

4
A
d A d

= = =

4.61 m d =

(b) From above,
10.00 kJ/s
dT
dt
=




Mass flow rate:

mass density volume
density area length
=
=

( ) ( ) m bd l bdv t = =

dm m
bdv
dt t

= =

1 dm
Q bdv
dt
= =

Continuity of flow:
1 2
Q Q Q = =

1 2
1 2
,
Q Q
v v
bd bd
=

Resultant pressure forces:

1 1 2 2
p d p d = =

2
1 1 1 1
1 1

2 2
F p bd bd = =

2
2 2 2 2
1 1

2 2
F p bd bd = =

Apply impulse-momentum principle to water between
sections 1 and 2.



( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
m v F t F t m v + =

( )
1 2 2 1
m
v v F F
t

( )
2 2
2 1
1 2
1
2
Q Q
Q b d d
bd bd

=

( )
( )( )
2
2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
1
2
Q d d
b d d d d
bd d
= +

Noting that , g =
( )
1 2 1 2
1
2
Q b gd d d d = +




Mass flow rate:

mass density volume
density area length
=
=

( ) ( ) m bd l bdv t = =

dm m
bdv
dt t

= =

1 dm
Q bdv
dt
= =

Continuity of flow:
1 2
Q Q Q = =

1 2
1 2
,
Q Q
v v
bd bd
=

Resultant pressure forces:

1 1 2 2
p d p d = =

2
1 1 1 1
1 1

2 2
F p bd bd = =

2
2 2 2 2
1 1

2 2
F p bd bd = =

Apply impulse-momentum principle to water between
sections 1 and 2.



( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
m v F t F t m v + =

( )
1 2 2 1
m
v v F F
t

( )
2 2
2 1
1 2
1
2
Q Q
Q b d d
bd bd

=

( )
( )( )
2
2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2
1
2
Q d d
b d d d d
bd d
= +

Noting that , g =

( )
1 2 1 2
1
2
Q b gd d d d = +

Data:
1 2
9.81 m/s, 3 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m g b d d = = = =
( )( )( )( )
3
1
3 9.81 1.25 1.5 1.25 1.5 15.09 m /s
2
Q = + =
3
15.09 m /s Q =




From hydrostatics, the pressure at section 1 is
1
. p rh gh = =
The pressure at section 2 is
2
0. p =
Calculate the mass flow rate using section 2.
( ) ( )
2 2
A A m l v t = =

2
A
dm m
v
dt t

= =

Apply the impulse-momentum principle to fluid between sections 1 and 2.

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
m v p A t m v + =
1 1 1
dm dm
v p A v
dt dt
+ =
( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 1
dm
p A v v A v v v
dt
= =
But
1
v is negligible,
1
, p gh = and 2 v gh =
( )
1 2
2 ghA A gh = or
1 2
2 A A =

2 2
2
4 4
D d

=

2
D
d =




The flow through each arm is 1.25 gal/min.
3
3 3
gal 1 ft 1 min
5 11.1408 10 ft /s
min 7.48 gal 60 s
Q

= =

( )
3
3 3
2
3
62.4 lb/ft
Q 11.1408 10 ft /s
32.2 ft/s
21.590 10 lb s/ft
dm
Q
dt g

= = =

=

Consider the moment about O exerted on the fluid stream of one arm.
Apply the impulse-momentum principle. Compute moments about O.
First, consider the geometry of triangle OAB. Using first the law of
cosines,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 o
6 4 2 6 4 cos120 OA = +
76 in. 0.72648 ft OA = =
Law of sines.
o
sin sin120
4 76
=
o
23.413 , =
o o
60 36.587 = =

Moments about O:
( )( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )( ) 0 sin
O O s
m v M t OA m v OA m OA + =
( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3
sin
21.590 10 0.72648 60 sin36.587 0.72648
0.56093 0.011395 lb ft
O s
m
M OA v OA
t

=

=

Moment that the stream exerts on the arm is .
O
M
Friction couple for one arm:
( )
1
0.275 0.06875 lb ft
4
F
M = =
Balance of moments on one arm:
0
F O F O
M M M M = =
0.06875 0.56093 0.011395 =
43.19 rad/s 412 rpm = =
412 rpm =



Consider the conservation of the horizontal component of momentum of the railroad car of mass
0
m and the
sand mass . qt

( )
0 0
0 0 0
0

m v
m v m qt v v
m qt
= + =
+
(1)

0 0
0
dx m v
v
dt m qt
= =
+

Integrating, using
0
0 x = and x L = when ,
L
t t =

( )
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0
ln ln
ln
L L
t t
L
L
m v m v
L vdt dt m qt m
m qt q
m v m qt
q m
= = = +

+
+
=

0
0 0 0
ln
L
m qt qL
m m v
+
=
0 0
/
0
0
qL m v
L
m qt
e
m
+
=
(a) Final mass of railroad car and sand
0 0
/
0 0
qL m v
L
m qt m e + =
(b) Using (1),
0 0
/
0 0 0 0
0 0
qL m v
L
L
m v m v
v e
m qt m
= =
+

0 0
/
0
qL m v
L
v v e
=




Apply the impulse-momentum principle.

Moments about C:

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 0.9 3 1.8 1.65
A B
m v D t W t m v + =

( )
( )( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1.8 1
0.9 1.65
3 3
1.8 4000 1
100 0.9 4.5 1.65 4.5 2287.5 N
3 3
A B
m
D W v v
t
= +
= + =

2.29 kN = D

A x B
m v C t m v + =
( ) ( )( ) 100 4.5 4.5 0
x B A
m
C v v
t

= = =

y components: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0
y
C t D t W t + + =
4000 2287.5 1712.5 N
y
C W D = = =
1.712 kN = C




Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Apply the impulse - momentum to the entire chain. Assume that the
reaction from the floor it equal to the weight of chain still in contact with the floor.
Calculate the floor reaction.
( ) R g l y = 1
y
R mg
l

=

Apply the impulse-momentum principle.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) yv P t R t gl t y y v + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) P t y v gl t R t = +
(a) ( )
y
P v gl l y g
t

= +
Let
y dy
v
t dt
= =

2
P v gy = +
( )
2
m
P v gy
l
= +
(b) From above, 1
y
mg
l

=

R




(a) Let be the mass per unit length of chain. The force P supports the weight of chain still off the floor.
P gy =
mgy
P
l
=
(b) Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the entire chain.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) yv P t R t gl t g y y v + + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) R t gl t P t g y v =

y
R gl gy v
t

=

Let 0. t Then,
y dy
v
t dt
= =

( )
2
R g l y v = + ( )
2
m
g l y v
l

= +

R




Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Consider the impulse-momentum applied to the link being brought to
rest at point C.
Calculation of . m
( ) ( ) m l v t = =
( ) 0 m v C t + =
( ) 0 v t v C t + =

2
C v =
Impulse momentum applied to the moving portion of the chain. Consider only the changes in momentum and
forces contributing to moments about O in the diagram.

Moments about O:

( ) [ ] ( ) m v gh C t m v + =
C gh =
Equating the two expressions for C,

2
v gh =

2
v
h
g
=




Let be the mass per unit length of chain. Assume that the weight of any chain above the hole is supported by
the floor. It and the corresponding upward reaction of the floor are not shown in the diagrams.
Case 1. Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the entire chain.

( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( )
yv gy t y y v v
yv y v y v y v
y v y v
gy v y
t t t

+ = + +
= + + +

= + +

Let 0. t ( )
dy dv d
gy v y yv
dt dt dt
= + =
Multiply both sides by . yv ( )
2
d
gy v yv yv
dt
=
Let
dy
v
dt
= on left hand side. ( )
2
dy d
gy yv yv
dt dt
=
Integrate with respect to time. ( ) ( )
2
g y dy yv d yv =

( )
2
3
1 1
3 2
gy yv = or
2
2
3
v gy = (1)
Differentiate with respect to time.
2 2
2
3 3
dv dy
v g gv
dt dt
= =



(a)
1
3
dv
a g
dt
= = 0.333g = a

(b) Set in (1) y l =
2
2
3
v gl = 0.817 gl = v
Case 2. Apply conservation of energy using the floor as the level for from which the potential energy is
measured.
1 1
0, 0 T V = =

2
2 2
1
,
2 2
y
T mv V gy = =

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +

2 2
1 1
0
2 2
mv gy =
2 2
2
gy gy
v
m l
= = (1)
Differentiating with respect to y,
2
2
dv gy
v
dy l
=
(a) Acceleration.
dv gy
a v
dy l
= =
gy
l
= a

(b) Setting in (1), y l =
2
v gl = gl = v

Note: The impulse-momentum principle may be used to obtain the force that the edge of the hole exerts
on the chain.




750 lb/s,
dW
dt
=
1 750
23.292 lb s/ft
32.2
dm dW
dt g dt
= = =
Thrust of one engine: ( )( )
3
12500 23.292 291.15 10 lb
dm
P u
dt
= = =
For 3 engines,
3
3 873.4 10 lb P =
Thrust 873 kips =




Thrust of one engine:
3
3
1200 10
400 10 lb.
3
P

= =

But,
dm
P u
dt
=

3
400 10
32 lb s/ft
12500
dm P
dt u
= = =

( )( ) 32.2 32 1030 lb/s
dW dm
g
dt dt
= = =

1030 lb/s
dW
dt
=




Thrust, .
dm
P u
dt
=
F P mg ma = =

P u dm
a g g
m m dt
= =
Data: 15 kg/s
dm
dt
=
As rocket is fired: 1500 kg m =

0
15
9.81 0.01 9.81
1500
u
a u = = (1)
As all the fuel is consumed:
1
1500 1200 300 kg. m = =

1
15
9.81 0.05 9.81
300
u
a u = = (2)
From the given data,
2
1 0
220 m/s a a = (3)
Using (1) and (2) for
1
a and
0
a and substituting into (3),
0.04 220 u = 5500 m/s u =




Thrust:
dm
P u uq
dt
= =
Since u and
dm
dt
are constant, P is also constant.
: F ma =
P mg ma =
( ) P m a g = +
( )
min max
m a g = +
( )( ) 1500 25 9.81 = +

3
52.215 10 N =
(a) Fuel consumption rate.

3
52.215 10
450
P
q
u
= =
116.0 kg/s q =
(b) Mass of fuel consumed.
( )( )
fuel
116.0 15.6 m qt = =

fuel
1810 kg m =




Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to the satellite plus the fuel expelled in time t.

: ( )( ) ( )( ) mv m m v v m v v v = + + +
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) mv m v m v m v m v m v m v = + + +
( ) ( ) 0 m v u m =
( )
dm
m t
dt
=

v dv u dm
t dt m dt
= =

1 1 1
0 0
0
v t m
v m
u dm dm
dv dt u
m dt m
= =

1 0
1 0
0 1
ln ln
m m
v v u u
m m
= =

0 1 0
1
exp
m v v
m u

=

Data:
1 0
2430 m/s, v v =
0
4200 m/s 5000 kg u m = =

1
5000 2430
exp 1.7835
4200 m
= =

1
2800 kg m =

fuel 0 1
5000 2800 m m m = =
fuel
2200 kg m =




Data from Problem 14.97:
0
5000 kg, 4200 m/s m u = =

1 0 fuel
5000 1500 3500 kg m m m = = =
Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to the satellite plus the fuel expelled in time t.

: ( )( ) ( )( ) mv m m v v m v v v = + + +
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) mv m v m v m v m v m v m v = + + +
( ) ( ) 0 m v u m =
( )
dm
m t
dt
=

v dv u dm
t dt m dt
= =

1 1 1
0 0
0
v t m
v m
u dm dm
dv dt u
m dt m
= =

1 0
1 0
0 1
ln ln
m m
v v u u
m m
= =

1 0
5000
4200 ln
3500
v v v = = 1498 m/s v =




Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel.

( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
mv m m v v m v v v
mv m v m v m v m v m v m v
= + + +
= + + +

( ) ( ) 0 m v u m =
( )
dm
m t
dt
=

v dv u dm
t dt m dt
= =

1 1 1
0 0
0
v t m
v m
u dm dm
dv dt u
m dt m
= =

1 0 0
1 0
0 1 1
ln ln ln
m m W
v v u u u
m m W
= = =
Data:
1 0
360 ft/s v v =
( )
0 1
11, 600 lb, 11, 600 1000 10, 600 lb W W = = =

11, 600
360 ln
10, 600
u = 3990 ft/s u =




Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel.

( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
mv m m v v m v v v
mv m v m v m v m v m v m v
= + + +
= + + +

( ) ( ) 0 m v u m =
( )
dm
m t
dt
=

v dv u dm
t dt m dt
= =

1 1 1
0 0
0
v t m
v m
u dm dm
dv dt u
m dt m
= =

1 0
1 0
0 1
ln ln
m m
v v u u
m m
= =

0 1 0 0
1 1
exp
m v v W
m u W

= =

Data:
1 0
450 ft/s, v v = 5400 ft/s u =

0 1 fuel 1
1200 lb W W W W = + = +

1
1
1200 450
exp 1.08690
5400
W
W
+
= =

1
1200
0.08690
W
=
1
13810 lb W =




See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of

0 0
0 0
ln ln
m m qt
v u gt u gt
m qt m
= =
(1)
Note that g is assumed to be constant.
Set
dy
v
dt
= in (1) and integrate with respect to time.
0
0 0 0
0
2 0
0
0
ln
1
ln
2
h t t
t
m
h dy vdt u gt dt
m qt
m qt
u dt gt
m

= = =

Let
0
0
m qt
z
m
=
0
q
dz dt
m
= or
0
m
dt dz
q
=
( )
0
0
2 2 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1 1
ln ln
2 2
1
ln 1 ln 1
2
1
1 ln 1 1
2
ln 1 1 ln 1
z
z
z
z
m u m u
h z dz gt z z z gt
q q
m u m qt m qt m m
gt
q m m m m
m u qt m qt
gt
q m m
m u m qt m qt
ut
q m m
= = +

| | | |

=
| |
\ \

| || |
= +
| |
\ \

= +

2
2 0 0
0
1
2
1
ln
2
gt
m u m qt
ut ut gt
q m
| |
= +
|
\

2 0 0
0
1
ln
2
m m
h u t t gt
q m qt

| |
=
|

\
(2)



Data:
2 0
0
7300
226.7 lb s /ft
32.2
W
m
g
= = =

260
8.0745 lb s/ft
32.2
w
q
g
= = =
&

2 fuel
fuel
4000
124.22 lb s /ft
32.2
W
m
g
= = =

fuel
124.22
15.385 s
8.0745
m
t
q
= = =

2
0
226.7 124.22 102.48 lb s /ft m qt = =
1500 ft/s u =
( )( )
2 226.7 226.7 1
1500 15.385 15.385 ln 32.2 15.385
8.0745 102.48 2
h

| |
=
|
\

4150 ft h =




Thrust force
dm
P u uq
dt
= =
Mass of rocket plus unspent fuel
0
m m qt =
Acceleration:
0
P uq
a
m m qt
= =

Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity,

0 0
0 0
0
t t q
v v adt v u dt
m qt
= + = +

( )
0
0 0 0 0
0
ln ln ln
m qt
v u m qt m v u
m
= =

(1)
Integrating again to obtain the displacement,

0
0 0
0
0
ln
t m qt
s s v t u dt
m
= +

Let
0 0
0 0
or
m qt q m
z dz dt dt dz
m m q
= = =
( ) ]
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
ln ln
ln 1 ln 1
1 ln 1 1
ln 1 1 ln 1
z z
z z
o
m u m u
s s v t zdz z z z
q q
m
m u m qt m qt m
s v t
q m m m m
m u qt m qt
s v t
q m m
m u m qt m qt
s v t ut
q m m
= + + =

| | | |

= + +
| |
\ \

| || |
= + + +
| |
\ \

= + + +

0 0
0 0
0
ln
m u m qt
s v t ut ut
q m
| |
= + + +
|
\

0 0
0 0
0
ln
m m
s s v t u t t
q m qt

| |
= + +
|

\
(2)



Data:
0
7500 ft/s 7500 360 7860 ft/s v v = = + =

( )( )
fuel fuel
1000
60 s 0.5176 slug/s
32.2 60
m W
t q
t gt
= = = = =

0
0
11600
360.25 slugs
32.2
W
m
g
= = =

0
11600 1000
329.19 slugs
32.2 32.2
m qt = =

0
0 s =
From (1),
329.19
7860 7500 ln
360.25
u =

360.25
360 ln
329.19
u = 3993 ft/s u =
From (2), ( )( )
360.25 360.25
0 7500 60 3993 60 60 ln
0.5176 329.19
s

| |
= + +
|
\

6
460.6 10 ft = 87.2 mi s =




See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of

0 0
0 0
ln ln
m m qt
v u gt u gt
m qt m
= =
(1)
Note that g is assumed to be constant.
Set
dy
v
dt
= in (1) and integrate with respect to time.

0
0 0 0
0
2 0
0
0
ln
1
ln
2
h t t
t
m
h dy vdt u gt dt
m qt
m qt
u dt gt
m

= = =

Let
0 0
0 0
or
m qt q m
z dz dt dt dz
m m q
= = =
( ) ]
0 0
2 2 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0
1 1
ln ln
2 2
1
ln 1 ln 1
2
1
1 ln 1 1
2
1
ln 1 1 ln 1
2
z z
z z
m u m u
h zdz gt z z z gt
q q
m u m qt m qt m m
gt
q m m m m
m u qt m qt
gt
q m m
m u m qt m qt
ut
q m m
= =

| | | |

=
| |
\ \

| || |
= +
| |
\ \

= +

2
2 0 0
0
1
ln
2
gt
m u m qt
ut ut gt
q m
| |
= +
|
\

2 0 0
0
1
ln
2
m m
h u t t gt
q m qt

| |
=
|

\
(2)
Data:
2
0
960 kg, 10 kg/s, 3600 m/s, 9.81 m/s m q u g = = = =

fuel
fuel
800
800 kg, 80 s
10
m
m t
q
= = = =



(a) ( )( )
2
3
960 960 1
3600 80 80 ln 9.81 80 153.4 10 m
10 960 800 2
h

| |
= =
|
\

153.4 km h =
(b) From equation (1), ( )( )
960
3600ln 9.81 80
960 800
v =

5670 m/s = v




Data from Problem 14.97:
0
5000 kg, 4200 m/s m u = =

0 0
0, 0 v s = =
Thrust force
dm
P u uq
dt
= =
Mass of satellite plus unspent fuel
0
m m qt =
Acceleration:
0
P uq
a
m m qt
= =

Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity,

0 0
0 0
0
t t q
v v adt v u dt
m qt
= + = +

(1)
( )
0
0 0 0 0
0
ln ln ln
m qt
v u m qt m v u
m
= =

Integrating again to obtain the displacement,

0
0 0
0
0
ln
t m qt
s s v t u dt
m
= +

Let
0 0
0 0
or
m qt q m
z dz dt dt dz
m m q
= = =
( ) ]
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0 0
0 0
0 0
ln ln
ln 1 ln 1
1 ln 1 1
ln 1 1 ln 1
z z
z z
o
m u m u
s s v t zdz z z z
q q
m
m u m qt m qt m
s v t
q m m m m
m u qt m qt
s v t
q m m
m u m qt m qt
s v t ut
q m m
= + + =

| | | |

= + +
| |
\ \

| || |
= + + +
| |
\ \

= + + +

0 0
0 0
0
ln
m u m qt
s v t ut ut
q m
| |
= + + +
|
\

0 0
0 0
0
ln
m m
s s v t u t t
q m qt

| |
= + +
|

\
(2)
Using the data,

( )( )
5000 5000
0 0 4200 80 80 ln
18.75 5000 18.75 80
s

| |
= + +

|

\

3
56.367 10 m = 56.4 km s =




Let F be the thrust force, and
dm
dt
be the mass flow rate.
Absolute velocity of exhaust:
e
v u v =
Thrust force: ( )
dm
F u v
dt
=
Power of thrust force: ( )
1
dm
P Fv u v v
dt
= =
Power associated with exhaust: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
1 1
2 2
e
P t m v m u v = =
( )
2
2
1
2
dm
P u v
dt
=
Total power supplied by engine:
1 2
P P P = +
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1
2 2
dm dm
P u v v u v u v
dt dt

= + =

Mechanical efficiency:
1
useful power
total power
P
P
= =

( )
2 2
2 u v v
u v

( )
2v
u v
=
+

1 = when . u v = The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.




Let F be the thrust force and
dm
dt
be the mass flow rate.
Absolute velocity of exhaust:
e
v u v =
Thrust force:
dm
F u
dt
=
Power of thrust force:
1
dm
P Fv uv
dt
= =
Power associated with exhaust: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
2
2
1 1
2 2
e
P t m v m u v = =
( )
2
2
1
2
dm
P u v
dt
=
Total power supplied by engine:
1 2
P P P = +
( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1
2 2
dm dm
P uv u v u v
dt dt

= + = +

Mechanical efficiency:
1
useful power
total power
P
P
= =
( )
2 2
2uv
u v
=
+

1 = when . u v = The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.




The weights are 30 lb, 40 lb, and 50 lb.
A B C
W W W = = =

Initial velocities:
( )
0
9 ft/s
A
v =
, ( )
0
6 ft/s
B
v =
, ( )
0
and 0.
C
v =

There are no horizontal external forces acting during the impacts, and the baggage carrier is free to coast
between the impacts.
(a) Suitcase A is thrown first.
Let
1
v be the common velocity of suitcase A and the carrier after the first impact and
2
v be the common
velocity of the two suitcases and the carrier after the second impact.

Initial momenta:

( ) ( )
0 0
, , and 0.
A B
A B
W W
v v
g g

Suitcase A impacts carrier. Conservation of momentum:

( )
( ) ( )( )
0
1 1
0
30 9
0 3.375 ft/s
80
A A
A A C
A
A C
W v
W W W
v v v
g g W W
+
+ = = = =
+

Suitcase B impacts on suitcase A and carrier. Conservation of momentum:

( )
1 2
0
B A C A B C
B
W W W W W W
v v v
g g g
+ + +
+ =

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
0
2
40 6 80 3.375
4.25 ft/s
120
B B A C
A B C
W v W W v
v
W W W
+ + +
= = =
+ +

2
4.25 ft/s = v

(b) Suitcase B is thrown first.
Let
3
v be the common velocity of suitcase B and the carrier after the first impact and
4
v be the common
velocity of all after the second impact.
Suitcase B impacts the carrier. Conservation of momentum:
( )
( ) ( )( )
0
3 3
0
40 6
0 2.6667 ft/s
90
B B
B B C
B
B C
W v
W W W
v v v
g g W W
+
+ = = = =
+

Suitcase A impacts on suitcase B and carrier. Conservation of momentum:
( )
3 4
0
A B C A B C
A
W W W W W W
v v v
g g g
+ + +
+ =

( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
3
0
4
30 9 90 2.6667
4.25 ft/s
120
A A B C
A B C
W v W W v
v
W W W
+ + +
= = =
+ +

4
4.25 ft/s = v




The weights are 30 lb, ?, and 50 lb.
A B C
W W W = = =

Initial velocities:
( ) ( )
0 0
7.2 ft/s
A B
v v = = ( )
0
, 0
C
v =

Final velocity:

3.6 ft/s
f
v =

(a) Conservation of momentum:

( ) ( )
0 0
0
A B A B C
A B f
W W W W W
v v v
g g g
+ +
+ + =

(1)

( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) 30 7.2 7.2 30 50 3.6
B B
W W + = + +

20.0 lb
B
W =

(b) Equation (1) shows that the final velocity is independent of the order in which the suitcases are thrown.

3.60 ft/s
f
= v




Linear momentum of each particle expressed in kg m/s.

12 6 6
8 6
8 16 8
A A
B B
C C
m
m
m
= + +
= +
= + +
v i j k
v i j
v i j k


3 , 1.2 2.4 3 , 3.6
A B C
= = + + = r j r i j k r i

( )
2
Angular momentum about , kg m /s . O

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 3 0 1.2 2.4 3 3.6 0 0
12 6 6 8 6 0 8 16 8
18 36 18 24 12 28.8 57.6
0 4.8 9.6
O A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= + +
= + + + +
= +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i k i j k j k
i j k

( ) ( )
2 2
4.80 kg m /s 9.60 kg m /s
O
= + H j k





3 , 1.2 2.4 3 , 3.6
A B C
= = + + = r j r i j k r i

( ) Mass center: a

( )
A B C A A B B C C
m m m m m m + + = + + r r r r

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 9 3 3 2 1.2 2.4 3 4 3.6
1.86667 1.53333 0.66667
= + + + +
= + +
r j i j k i
r i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 1.867 m 1.533 m 0.667 m = + + r i j k

Linear momentum of each particle, ( )
2
kg m /s .

12 6 6
8 6
8 16 8
A A
B B
C C
m
m
m
= + +
= +
= + +
v i j k
v i j
v i j k

(b) Linear momentum of the system, ( ) kg m/s.
12 28 14
A A B B C C
m m m m = + + = + + v v v v i j k

( ) ( ) ( ) 12.00 kg m/s 28.0 kg m/s 14.00 kg m/s m = + + v i j k

Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters).
1.86667 1.46667 0.66667
0.66667 0.86667 2.33333
1.73333 1.53333 0.66667
A A
B B
C C
= = +
= = + +
= =
r r r i j k
r r r i j k
r r r i j k



(c) Angular momentum about G, ( )
2
kg m /s .
( ) ( )
( )
1.86667 1.46667 0.66667 0.66667 0.86667 2.33333
12 6 6 8 6 0
1.73333 1.53333 0.66667
8 16 8
12.8 3.2 28.8 14 18.6667 10.9333
1.6 8.5333 15.4667
2.8 13.3333
G A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= +
+
= + + +
+ +
= +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k
i j k
i j k i j k
i j k
i j 24.2667k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2.80 kg m /s 13.33 kg m /s 24.3 kg m /s
G
= + H i j k

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1.86667 1.53333 0.66667
12 28 14
2.8 kg m /s 18.1333 kg m /s 33.8667 kg m /s
m =
= +
i j k
r v
i j k

( ) ( )
2 2
4.8 kg m /s 9.6 kg m /s
G
m + = + H r v j k

Angular momentum about O.
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
0 3 0 1.2 2.4 3 3.6 0 0
12 6 6 8 6 0 8 16 8
18 36 18 24 12 28.8 57.6
4.8 kg m /s 9.6 kg m /s
O A A A B B B C C C
m m m = + +
= + +
= + + + +
= +
H r v r v r v
i j k i j k i j k
i k i j k j k
j k

Note that

O G
m = + H H r v




Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical.
Velocities before collision:

( )
0
5.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
Helicoptor: 121ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
H
v = =

( )
0
10 mi 5280 ft/mi
Airplane: 220 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
A
x
v

= =

( )
0
7.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
165 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
A
y
v

= =

( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
0
0
0
Mass center:
6000 3000
121 220 165
9000 9000
154 ft/s 55 ft/s
H A
H A A
x y
A H A H
m m
v v v
m m m m

= + +

+ +
| |
= +
|
\
=
v i i j
i i j
i j

No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center
after impact:
( )
2 2
0 0
1
154 55 3600 16.1
2
t z gt t t t

= + = +

r v k i j k

Time of fall.

2
3600
14.953 s
16.1
t t = =

( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
154 14.953 55 14.953 2302.8 ft 822.42 ft = = r i j i j

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
H A H H H H A A
m m m m m + = + + r r r r

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
1 1 2 2
1
1
9000 2302.8 822.42
3000
2000 1500 300 4000 1800 1500
A H A H H H H
A
m m m m
m

= +

=
r r r r
i j
i j i j

( ) ( )
3510 ft 267 ft = i j

( ) Coordinates of point : 3510 ft, 267 ft A




Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical.
Velocities before collision:

( )
0
5.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
Helicoptor: 121ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
H
v = =

( )
0
10 mi 5280 ft/mi
Airplane: 220 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
A
x
v

= =

( )
0
7.5 mi 5280 ft/mi
165 ft/s
4 min 60 s/min
A
y
v

= =

( ) ( ) ( )
{ }
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
0
0
0
Mass center:
6000 3000
121 220 165
9000 9000
154 ft/s 55 ft/s
H A
H A A
x y
A H A H
m m
v v v
m m m m

= + +

+ +
| |
= +
|
\
=
v i i j
i i j
i j

No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center
after impact:
( )
2 2
0 0
1
154 55 3600 16.1
2
t z gt t t t

= + = +

r v k i j k

Time of fall.

2
3600
14.953 s
16.1
t t = =

( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
154 14.953 55 14.953 2302.8 ft 822.42 ft = = r i j i j

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
H A H H H H A A
m m m m m + = + + r r r r

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 1 1
2
1
1
9000 2302.8 822.42
4000
3000 3600 240 2000 1200 600
H H A A A H H
H
r m m m m
m

= +

=
r r r
i j
i j i j

( ) ( )
1881 ft 1730 ft = i j

( )
2
Coordinates of point : 1881ft, 1730 ft H




Use a frame of reference moving with the mass center.

0
A A B B
B
A B
A
m v m v
m
v v
m
= +
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
2
2
B
A A B B A B B B
A
B A B
B
A
A
B
B A B
m
V m v m v m v m v
m
m m m
v
m
m V
v
m m m

= + = +

+
=
=
+

Data:
2 2
5 3
0.15528 lb s /ft, 0.09317 lb s /ft
32.2 32.2
A B
m m = = = =
90 ft lb V =
( )( )( )
( )( )
2 0.15528 90
34.75 34.75 ft/s
0.09317 0.24845
B B
v v = = = 30
( )
0.09317
34.75 20.85 20.85 ft/s
0.15528
A A
v v = = = 30
Velocities of A and B:
[24 ft/s
A
= v ] [20.85 ft/s + ] 30 12.00 ft/s
A
= v 60.3
[24 ft/s
B
= v ] [34.75 ft/s + ] 30 56.8 ft/s
B
= v 17.8




Locate the mass center.
Let l be the distance between A and B.
( )
B A B A
m l m m l = +

2
7
5
7
B
A
A B
B
m
l l l
m m
l l
= =
+
=

(a) Linear momentum.
( )( )
0
2.5 3.5 8.75
A
L m v = = = 8.75 kg m/s = L
Angular momentum about G:
( )( )( )
0 0
2 2
0.210 2.5 3.5 0.525
7 7
G A A A
H l m v lm v = = = =

2
0.525 kg m /s
G
= H
(b) There are no resultant external forces acting on the system;
therefore, L and
G
H are conserved.
: L
A A B B
m v m v L + = 2.5 1.0 8.75
A B
v v + =
(1)

:
G
H
B B B A A A G
l m v l m v H =
( )( ) ( )( )
5 2
0.210 1.0 0.210 2.5 0.525
7 7
B A
v v =
0.15 0.15 0.525
B A
v v =
(2)

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, 1.5 m/s, 5 m/s
A B
v v = =
1.500 m/s
A
= v
5.00 m/s
B
= v




For steady flow
1 2
Q Q Q + = (1)
Assume that the fluid speed is constant.
1 2
sin cos , , v v v = = = v i j v i v i
Let Pj be the force that plate C exerts on the fluid.

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
m P t m m + = + v j v v

( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
m m
m
P
t t t

= +

j v v v
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
sin cos
dm dm dm
v v v v
dt dt dt

= +

i i i j
( )
1 2
sin cos Q v Q v Qv = + i i i j
i:
1 2 2 1
0 sin sin Q v Q v Qv Q Q Q = + = (2)
j: cos P Qv = (3)
Data:
2 4
62.4
1.93789 lb s /ft , 90 ft/s
32.2
v
g
= = = =
3 3 3 3
1 2
26 gal/min 57.932 10 ft /s, 130 gal/min 289.66 10 ft /s Q Q

= = = =



From (1),
3 3
347.59 10 ft /s Q

=
(a) From (2),
2 1
sin 0.66667 41.810
Q Q
Q

= = =
41.8 =
From (3), ( )
( )
( )
3
1.93789 347.59 10 90 cos 41.810 45.2 lb. P

= =
(b) Force that stream exerts on plate C:
45.2 lb P = j




Calculation of or .
m dm
t dt

( ) ( )
m
m A l Av t Av
t

= = =

3 2
2 2 2
62.4 lb/ft 1.5 in
60 ft/s 1.21118 lb s/ft
32.2 ft/s 144 in /ft
dm
Av
dt
= = =
Apply the principle of impulse-momentum.

moments about D: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
12 16 10 4
12 12 12 12
A B
m v C t W t m v

+ =

( ) 16 10 4 12
B A
m
C W v v
t
= +

( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 10 10 1.21118 4 60 12 60 481.37 = + =

30.085 lb C = 30.1 lb = C
A x B
m v D t m v + =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 1.21118 60 60 0
x B A B A
m dm
D v v v v
t dt
= = = =

0
x
D =

y components: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 0
y
C t D t W t + + =
( ) 10 30.085 40.085 lb
y
D W C = = = 40.1 lb = D




Calculation of
dm
dt
at a section in the airstream:

( ) m A l Av t = =

m dm
Av
t dt

= =

(a) ( ) Thrust
B A
dm
dt
= v v where
B
v is the velocity just downstream
of propeller and
A
v is the velocity far upstream. Assume
A
v

is
negligible.

( )
2 2
Thrust
4
Av v D v

= =

( ) ( )
2
2 2
3600 1.21 2 3.801
4
v v

= =

30.774m/s v =

30.8 m/s v =

(b) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
2 30.774
4 4
dm
Q Av D v
dt

= = = =

3
96.7 m /s Q =
(c) Kinetic energy of mass : m
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
T m v A l v Av t v = = =

3 2 3
1 1
2 2 4
T dT
Av D v
t dt

= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
3
1
1.21 2 30.774 55.4 10 N m/s
2 4

= =

55.4 kW
dT
dt
=




From Eq. (14.44) of the text book, the thrust is
( )( )
3 2 3
10 kg/s 3600 m/s 36 10 kg m/s 36 10 N
dm
P u
dt
= = = =
F ma =
P mg ma =
P
a g
m
= (1)
(a) At the start of firing,
2
0
960 kg, 9.81 m/s m m g = = =
From (1),
3
2
36 10
9.81 27.69 m/s
960
a

= =
2
27.7 m/s = a
(b) As the last particle of fuel is consumed,
960 800 160 kg, m = = ( )
2
9.81 m/s assumed g =
From (1),
3
2
36 10
9.81 215.19 m/s
160
a

= =
2
215 m/s = a

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