1 - Fluidsim Pneumatic Circuits - Rev - 2022

MK Desain Sistem Otomasi Proses Berbasis Komputer
Minggu ke-11
Basic Pneumatic Circuitry dan Fluidsim
For control and automation

Dosen : A. Tossin Alamsyah
1 29/11/2022
Review
2 29/11/2022
Fluidsim adalah
 #FLUIDSIM #PNEUMATIK_HYDROLIK
Fluid Simulator (fluid sim) adalah salah satu software
komputer untuk demo simulasi aliran fluida khususnya untuk
aliran angin. Software ini berjalan dalam sistem windows.
Fluid simulation pneumatik ini dikembangkan oleh Festo
Didactic, Jerman.
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Pneumatic adalah..
 Pneumatik (bahasa Yunani: πνευματικός, pneumatikos) berasal dari
kata dasar "pneu" yang berarti udara tekan dan "matik" yang
berarti ilmu atau hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan sesuatu; sehingga arti
lengkap pneumatik adalah ilmu/hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan udara
bertekanan.
 Pneumatik merupakan teori atau pengetahuan tentang udara yang
bergerak, keadaan-keadaan keseimbangan udara dan syarat-syarat
keseimbang-an. Orang pertama yang dikenal dengan pasti telah
menggunakan alat pneumatik adalah orang Yunani bernama Ktesibio.
Dengan demikian istilah pneumatik berasal dari Yunani kuno
yaitu pneuma yang artinya hembusan (tiupan). Bahkan dari ilmu filsafat
atau secara philosophi istilah pneuma dapat diartikan sebagai nyawa.
Dengan kata lain pneumatik berarti mempelajari tentang gerakan angin
(udara) yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan tenaga dan
kecepatan.
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....fluidsim
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Fluidsim + labview
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Manual Pneumatic
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Elektro pneumatic
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Latihan_1
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Contents
 Introduction  Sequential control
 Symbols  Sequence solution
 Circuit layout  5/3 Valves
 Actuator control 2/2 Valve  Poppet/spool logic
 Actuator control 3/2 Valve  Balanced spool logic
 Actuator control 5/2 Valve  Feedback
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Introduction
 This module shows the methods of  A message to pneumatic circuit
application of pneumatic valves and designers:
components for control and  Use proven and reliable design
automation techniques
 The methods of pure pneumatic  Produce circuits and documentation
sequential control are confined to that are clear to read
simple examples  Design for safety
 Do not try to be too clever, the
 The majority of modern systems
circuit will be difficult for others to
are controlled electronically and is read and maintain
the subject of electro-pneumatic
modules
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Symbols
 The standard for fluid power symbols is ISO 1219-1. This is a set of basic shapes
and rules for the construction of fluid power symbols
 Cylinders can be drawn to show their extreme or intermediate positions of
stroke and any length above their width
 Valves show all states in the one symbol. The prevailing state is shown with the
port connections
 Other components are single state symbols
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Symbols single acting actuators
 Single acting, sprung instroked
 Single acting, sprung outstroked
 Single acting, sprung instroked,
magnetic
 Single acting, sprung outstroked,
magnetic
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Symbols double acting actuators
 Double acting, non-cushioned
 Double acting, adjustable cushions
 Double acting, through rod,
adjustable cushions
 Double acting, magnetic, adjustable
cushions
 Double acting, rodless, magnetic,
adjustable cushions
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Symbols rotary actuators
 Semi-rotary double acting
 Rotary motor single direction of
rotation
 Rotary motor bi-directional
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Symbols valves
2
 2/2 Valve push button / spring 12 10
 3/2 Valve push button / spring 1
 3/2 Valve detented lever operated 2

12 10
3 1
2
10
12
3 1
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Symbols valves
2
 3/2 Valve differential pressure 12 10
operated 3 1
4 2
 5/2 Valve push button / spring 14 12
 5/3 Valve double pressure operated 5 1 3

spring centre
4 2
5 1 3
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Symbols valves
 A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This indicates the valve
has 3 main ports and 2 states
 The valve symbol shows both of the states
 Port numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows:
 when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is connected to port 2
 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2
12 10
3 1
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Symbols valves
 A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This indicates the valve
has 3 main ports and 2 states
 The valve symbol shows both of the states
 Port numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows:
 when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is connected to port 2
 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2
12 10
3 1
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Symbols valves
 This example is for a 5/2 valve
 This has 5 main ports and 2 states
 When the valve is operated at the
14 end port 1 is connected to port
4 (also port 2 is connected to port
4 2
3) 14 12
 When reset to the normal state at
the 12 end port 1 is connected to 5 1 3
port 2 (also port 4 is connected to
port 5)
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Symbols valves
 This example is for a 5/2 valve
 This has 5 main ports and 2 states
 When the valve is operated at the
14 end port 1 is connected to port
4 (also port 2 is connected to port
4 2
3) 14 12
 When reset to the normal state at
the 12 end port 1 is connected to 5 1 3
port 2 (also port 4 is connected to
port 5)
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Symbols operators manual
General manual Lever
Push button Pedal
Pull button Treadle
Push/pull button Rotary knob
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Symbols operators mechanical
Plunger Pressure
Spring normally Pilot pressure

as a return
Roller Differential pressure
Uni-direction Detent in 3 positions

or one way trip
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Symbols 5/3 valves
 All valves types shown in the normal position
 Type 1. All ports blocked
 Type 2. Outlets to exhaust
 Type 3. Supply to outlets
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Symbols function components
 Non-return valve
 Flow regulator uni-directional
 Flow regulator bi-directional
 Two pressure ‘AND’
 Shuttle valve ‘OR’ *
 Silencer ISO 1219-1 Old
 Quick exhaust valve with silencer

 Pressure to electric switch
adjustable
* Note: Traditional symbol in

29 extensive use (preferred) 29/11/2022
Symbols air line equipment
 Water separator with automatic
drain
 Filter with manual drain
 Filter with automatic drain
 Filter with automatic drain and
service indicator
 Lubricator
 Pressure regulator with gauge
 F.R.L. filter, regulator, lubricator
simplified symbol
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Circuit layout
 The standard for circuit diagrams is
 Circuits should be drawn
ISO 1219-2
with all actuators at the
 A4 format or A3 folded to A4 height top of the page in order of
for inclusion in a manual with other sequential operation
A4 documentation
 Other components to be
 To be on several sheets if necessary drawn in sequential order
with line identification code from the bottom up and
 Minimum crossing lines from left to right
 Limit valves position of operation by  Circuit should show the
actuators shown by a marker with system with pressure
reference code to symbol applied and ready to start
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Component identification
 The ISO suggested component  Note: the a0 valve symbol is drawn
numbering system is suited for in the operated position because the
large circuits and those drawn on actuator A is instroked
several pages
 For this presentation a simple code
a0 a1
is used
A
 For cylinders: A,B,C etc.
 For associated feedback valves:
alpha-numeric code ‘a0’ for proof
of instroke, ‘a1’ for proof of 2 2
outstroke 12 10 12 10
 For cylinder B: b0 and b1 a0 3 1 a1 3 1
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Example circuit
a0 a1 b0 b1 c0 c1
A B C
Sequence
Run/End
A+
B+
B-
C+
C-
A-
Repeat
Run/End
a0 a1 b1 b0 c1 c0
10 bar max 6 bar

To all inlet ports marked
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Actuator control 2/2 valve
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2/2 Valve actuator control
 A pair of the most basic of all valve
types the 2/2 can be used to control
a single acting cylinder
 The normally closed position of the
valve is produced by the spring
 The operated position is produced
by the push button
2 1
 One valve admits air the other valve 12 10 12 10
exhausts it 1 2
OUT IN
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 The button marked OUT is pushed
to operate the valve
 Air is connected to the cylinder and
it outstrokes
 Air cannot escape to atmosphere
through the valve marked IN as this
is closed
2 1
 The air at atmospheric pressure in 12 10 12 10
the front of the cylinder vents 1 2
through the breather port OUT IN
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 The push button of the valve marked
OUT is released and it returns to a
normal closed position
 Air is now trapped in the system and
provided there are no leaks the
piston rod will stay in the
outstroked position
2 1
 If the load increases beyond the 12 10 12 10
force exerted by the air the piston
1 2
rod will start to move in OUT IN
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 The button marked IN is pushed to
operate the valve
 Air escapes and the piston rod
moves to the instroked position
 The push button must be held
operated until the piston rod is fully
in
2 1
 Atmospheric air will be drawn in to 12 10 12 10
the front of the cylinder through the 1 2
vent port OUT IN
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 If the button marked IN is released
the piston rod will remain in the
instroked position
 Any leaks in the installation can
cause the piston rod to creep
2 1
12 10 12 10
1 2
OUT IN
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 To control the speed of the piston
rod, flow restrictors are placed in
the pipes close to each of the valves.
 Adjustment of the restrictors will
slow down the flow rate thereby
giving independent outstroke and
instroke speed control
2 1
12 10 12 10
1 2
OUT IN
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 By repeated operation of either
button during movement the piston
rod can be moved in small steps for
approximate positioning
 This will only be successful under
slow speeds
2 1
12 10 12 10
1 2
OUT IN
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 With any compressed air system
that intentionally traps air, the
potential hazard of this must be
recognised
 Unintended release or application of
pressure can give rise to unexpected
movement of the piston rod
2 1
 A pressure indicator or gauge must 12 10 12 10
be fitted to warn of the presence of
1 2
pressure OUT IN
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3/2 valve actuator control
 A 3 port valve provides the inlet and
exhaust path and is the normal
choice for the control of a single
acting cylinder
 In the normal position produced by
the spring, the valve is closed 2
12 10
 In the operated position produced
by the push button the valve is open 3 1
 The push button must be held down

for as long as the cylinder is
outstroked
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acting cylinder
12 10

outstroked
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acting cylinder
12 10

outstroked
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 To generally slow the cylinder speed
an adjustable
bi-directional flow regulator or
fixed restrictor can be used
 The flow regulator setting will be a
compromise as the ideal outstroke
speed may not produce the desired
results for the instroke speed
2
12 10
3 1
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 To control the outstroke speed of a
single acting cylinder without
controlling the instroke speed, a
uni-directional flow regulator is
used
 The flow into the cylinder closes the
non return valve and can only pass
through the adjustable restrictor
2
 By adjusting the restrictor the 12 10
outstroke speed of the cylinder can
3 1
be set
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 For independent speed control in
each direction two flow regulators
are required
 Installed in opposite directions to
each other
 Upper regulator controls the
outstroke speed
 Lower regulator controls the
2
instroking speed 12 10
3 1
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acting cylinder
the spring, the valve is closed
by the push button the valve is open
2
 The push button must be held down 12 10
for as long as the cylinder is 3 1
outstroked
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- +
 For a double acting cylinder the
power and exhaust paths are
switched simultaneously
 When the button is pushed the
supply at port 1 is connected to port
4 and the outlet port 2 connected to 4 2
14 12
exhaust port 3. The cylinder moves
plus 5 1 3
 When the button is released port 1
is connected to port 2 and port 4
connected to port 5. Cylinder
minus
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- +
 For a double acting cylinder the
power and exhaust paths are
switched simultaneously
 When the button is pushed the
supply at port 1 is connected to port
4 and the outlet port 2 connected to 4 2
14 12
exhaust port 3. The cylinder moves
plus 5 1 3
 When the button is released port 1
is connected to port 2 and port 4
connected to port 5. Cylinder
minus
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- +
 Independent speed control of the
plus and minus movements
 In most applications speed is
controlled by restricting air out of a
cylinder
 Full power is developed to drive the 4 2
14 12
piston with speed controlled by
restricting the back pressure 5 1 3
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- +
 Independent speed control of the
plus and minus movements
 In most applications speed is
controlled by restricting air out of a
cylinder
 Full power is developed to drive the 4 2
14 12
piston with speed controlled by
restricting the back pressure 5 1 3
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- +
 Valves with a spring return are
mono-stable and need the operator
to be held all the time that the
cylinder is required in the plus
position
 Bi-stable valves will stay in the 4 2
position they were last set 14 12
 The lever valve example illustrated 5 1 3
indicates a detent mechanism. The
lever need not be held once the new
position has been established
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Manual control
- +
 Remote manual control of a double
acting cylinder
 Valve marked + will cause the
cylinder to outstroke or move plus
 Valve marked - will cause the
cylinder to instroke or move minus 4 2
14 12
 The 5/2 double pilot valve is bi-
5 1 3
stable therefore the push button
valves only need to be pulsed
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - 3 1
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Manual control
- +
acting cylinder
14 12
5 1 3
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - 3 1
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Manual control
- +
acting cylinder
14 12
5 1 3
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - 3 1
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Manual control
- +
acting cylinder
14 12
5 1 3
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - 3 1
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Manual control
- +
acting cylinder
14 12
5 1 3
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - 3 1
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Semi-automatic control
 Manual remote start of a double - + a1
acting cylinder with automatic A

return
 Cylinder identified as “A”
 Trip valve operated at the
completion of the plus stroke 4 2
14 12
identified as “a1”
5 1 3
2 2
12 10 12 10
+ 3 1 - a1 3 1
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Fully-automatic control
- + a0 a1
 Continuous automatic cycling from
A roller operated trip valves
 Manual Run and End of the
automatic cycling
 Cylinder will come to rest in the
4 2
14 12 instroked position regardless of
when the valve is put to End
5 1 3
2
 Tags for the roller feedback valves
10 a0 and a1 show their relative
12
Run/End 3 1 positions29/11/202263
2 2
12 10 12 10
a0 3 1 a1 3 1
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Sequential control
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Circuit building blocks
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
Run/End
 These circuits can be considered as building blocks for larger sequential circuits
consisting of two or more cylinders
 Each actuator will have a power valve and two associated feedback valves. The
first actuator to move also has
a Run/End valve
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Repeat pattern sequence
 A repeat pattern sequence is one  The signal starting the first
where the order of the movements movement must pass through the
in the first half of the sequence is Run/End valve
repeated in the second half  Needs only the basic building
 Each actuator may have one Out blocks to solve
and In stroke only in the sequence  Examples of repeat pattern
 There may be any number of sequences:
actuators in the sequence  A+ B+ C+ D+ A- B- C- D-
 A- B+ C- A+ B- C+
 C+ A+ B- C- A- B+
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a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
Run/End
b0 b1 a1 a0
 The two cylinders A and B are to perform a simple repeat pattern sequence as
follows: A+ B+ A- B-
 Apply the rule “The signal given by the completion of each movement will initiate
the next movement”
 In this way the roller valves can be
identified and labelled
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Non-repeat pattern sequence
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
Run/End
a0 b0 a1 b1
 If the rule applied to a repeat pattern sequence is applied to any other sequence
there will be opposed signals on one or more of the 5/2 valves preventing
operation
 This circuit demonstrates the problem
 The sequence is A+ B+ B- A-
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a0 a1 b0 b1 c0 c1
A B C
Run/End
c0 c1 a1 a0 b1 b0
 For three cylinders A, B and C also to perform a simple repeat pattern sequence
as follows: A+ B+ C+ A- B- C-
 Apply the rule “The signal given by the completion of each movement will
initiate the next movement”
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Opposed signals
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
Run/End
a0 b0 a1 b1
 When the valve is set to Run, cylinder A will not move because the 5/2 valve has an
opposed signal, it is still being signalled to hold position by the feedback valve b0
 If A was able to move + a similar problem will occur for the 5/2 valve of B once it
was +
 The sequence is A+ B+ B- A-
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Mechanical solution
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
Run/End
a0 b0 a1 b1
 The problem was caused by valves b0 and a1 being operated at the time the new
opposing instruction is given
 If these two valves were “one way trip” types and over tripped at the last
movement of stroke, only a pulse would
be obtained instead of a continuous signal
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Sequence solution methods
 The main solutions to solving  Shift register circuits are similar to
sequences are: cascade but use one logic valve for
 Cascade (pneumatic) every step
 Shift register (pneumatic)  Electro-pneumatic circuits use
 Electro-pneumatic solenoid valves and electro-
 PLC (Programmable logic mechanical relays
controller)  PLC. The standard solution for
 Cascade circuits provide a standard medium to complex sequential
method of solving any sequence. It systems (except where electrical
uses a minimum of additional logic equipment cannot be used)
hardware (one logic valve per
group of sequential steps)
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Cascade two group
 The A+ B+ B- A- circuit is solved  Because only one group output is
by the two group cascade method available at a time it is not possible
 The sequence is divided at the point to have opposed signals
where B immediately returns  A standard 5/2 double pressure
 The two parts are allocated groups l operated valve is the cascade valve
and ll
 Gp l A+ B+ / Gp ll B- A-
 Two signal supplies are provided Group l Group ll
from a 5/2 valve one is available
4 2
only in group l the other is available 14 12
only in group ll
Select l 5 1 3 Select ll
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Gp l A+ B+ Gp ll B- A-
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade (two group)
a0 a1 b0 b1
A B
b0
a1
Gp l
Gp ll
Sequence
Run/End
a0 b1
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Cascade building blocks
 A two group building block consists
of a lever valve to run and end the
sequence plus the 5/2 double pilot Gp l
operated cascade valve
 For a two group system consisting Gp ll
4 2
of any number of cylinders this 14 12
building block and the cylinder
5 1 3 Sel ll
building blocks are all that is Run/End
2
required to solve the sequence 10
12
3 1
Sel l
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Cascade building blocks
 This three group Gp l
building block
establishes an Run/End
interconnecting pattern
that can be extended to
Gp ll
any number of groups Sel l
Sel ll
Gp lll
Sel lll
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Dual trip building blocks
 When a sequence has a cylinder Send A+
operating twice in one overall
a1 in x
sequence a dual trip building block
may be required for each of the two a1 in y
feedback valves
 The supply will be from different
groups and the output go to A+ in A+ in
different destinations Group x Group y
 Example is for feedback valve a1 of a1
cylinder A when A is sent + both in
Group x and Group y
Note: can often be rationalised to less
than these three components
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Cascade rules
 Establish the correct sequence  Interconnect the blocks as follows:
 The first function in each group is signalled
 Divide the sequence in to groups.
directly by that group supply
Always start a sequence with the
 The last trip valve operated in each group is
Run/End valve selecting group l supplied with main supply air and selects the
e.g. next group
R/E | A+ B+ | B- C+ | C- A-  The remaining trip valves are supplied with
 Select the cylinder building blocks air from their respective groups and initiate
the next function
 Select the cascade building block  The “run/end” valve will control the signal
 Select dual trip building blocks if from the last trip valve to be operated
required
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Three position valves
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5/3 Valve
 5/3 valves have a third mid position  The majority of applications are
 The valve can be tri-stable e.g. a actuator positioning and safety
detented lever operator or mono-
stable e.g. a double air or double 4 2
solenoid with spring centre
14 12
 There are three common 5 1 3
configurations for the mid position:
14 4 2 12
 All ports blocked
 Centre open exhaust
5 1 3
 Centre open pressure
14 4 2 12
5 1 3
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 The valve illustrated has “all ports
blocked” in the mid position
 Whenever the mid position is
selected the pressure conditions in 4 2
the cylinder will be frozen
 This can be used to stop the piston
at part stroke in some positioning 14 12
applications 5 1 3
 Flow regulators mounted close to

the cylinder to minimise creep
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applications 5 1 3

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applications 5 1 3

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applications 5 1 3

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applications 5 1 3

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 This version of a 5/3 valve is “centre
open exhaust”
 The supply at port 1 is isolated and
the cylinder has power exhausted
when this centre position is selected
14 4 2 12
 The version illustrated shows a
mono-stable version double pilot
operated spring centre 5 1 3
 The cylinder will be pre-exhausted

when changing from the mid
position
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 This version of a 5/3 valve is “centre
open pressure”
 The supply at port 1 is connected to
both sides of the cylinder and the
exhaust ports isolated when this
centre position is selected 14 4 2 12
 Can be used to balance pressures in

positioning applications 5 1 3
 The version illustrated is mono-

stable, double solenoid, spring
centre
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Logic functions for poppet and spool
valves
93 29/11/2022
Logic AND
 To obtain the output Z both
plungers X AND Y must be operated Z
and held
2
12 10
 If X only is operated the air will be
Y
blocked at port 1 in valve Y 3 1
 If Y only is operated there will be no
pressure available at port 1
 If either X or Y is released the 12
2
10
output signal Z will be lost X
3 1
94 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
95 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
96 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
97 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
98 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
99 29/11/2022
Logic AND
and held
2
12 10
Y
2
10
3 1
100 29/11/2022
Logic AND
 This method must not be used as a
two handed safety control Z
 It is too easy to abuse. e.g. one of 2
12 10
the buttons could be permanently
Y
fixed down and the system operated 3 1
from the other button only
 Use the purpose designed two
handed safety control unit 2
12 10
X
3 1
101 29/11/2022
Logic OR
 Use of an ‘OR’ function shuttle
valve
Z
 Source X and Y can be remote from
each other and remote from the
destination of Z
 When X or Y is operated the shuttle
valve seal moves across to prevent 12
2
10
the signal Z from being lost through Y
the exhaust of the other valve 3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
102 29/11/2022
Logic OR
valve
Z
destination of Z
2
10
2
12 10
X
3 1
103 29/11/2022
Logic OR
valve
Z
destination of Z
2
10
2
12 10
X
3 1
104 29/11/2022
Logic OR
valve
Z
destination of Z
2
10
2
12 10
X
3 1
105 29/11/2022
Logic OR
valve
Z
destination of Z
2
10
2
12 10
X
3 1
106 29/11/2022
Logic NOT
 A logic NOT applies to the state of
the output when the operating
signal is present (the output is
simply an inversion of the operating
signal) Z
 The valve shown is a normally open 12
2
10
type (inlet port numbered 1) X
1 3
 When the signal X is present there is
NOT output Z
 When X is removed output Z is
given
107 29/11/2022
Logic NOT
signal) Z
2
10
1 3
NOT output Z
given
108 29/11/2022
Logic NOT
signal) Z
2
10
1 3
NOT output Z
given
109 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
 A logic MEMORY allows the output
signal state (ON or OFF) to be
maintained after the input signal has
been removed
Z
 Any bi-stable valve is a logic
MEMORY X
 With this lever detented valve, once 12 10
3 1
the lever has been moved X Y
direction or Y direction it can be
released and will stay in that
position
110 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
 A logic MEMORY allows the output
signal state (ON or OFF) to be
maintained after the signal that set it
has been removed
Z
12 10
X Y
3 1
111 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
 A bi-stable double pilot valve can be
Z
set or reset simply by a pulse (push
and release) on buttons X or Y 12 10
3 1
2
12 10
Y
3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
112 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
Z
3 1
2
12 10
Y
3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
113 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
Z
3 1
2
12 10
Y
3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
114 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
Z
3 1
2
12 10
Y
3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
115 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY
Z
3 1
2
12 10
Y
3 1
2
12 10
X
3 1
116 29/11/2022
Logic MEMORY (latch)
 A popular memory circuit is the
latch
Z
 Will not re-make after pneumatic 1 3
power failure Y
12 10
 A pulse on X operates the pilot / 2
spring valve to give output Z 12 10
 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

normally open valve Y to latch the
operation of Z when X is released 2
12 10
 A pulse on Y breaks the latch and Z X
is exhausted 3 1
117 29/11/2022
latch
Z
power failure Y
12 10

12 10
is exhausted 3 1
118 29/11/2022
latch
Z
power failure Y
12 10

12 10
is exhausted 3 1
119 29/11/2022
latch
Z
power failure Y
12 10

12 10
is exhausted 3 1
120 29/11/2022
latch
Z
power failure Y
12 10

12 10
is exhausted 3 1
121 29/11/2022
Logic arrangements for fully balanced
spool valves
122 29/11/2022
Logic circuits (spool valves)
 NO / NC  5/2 OR
 Selection / Diversion  Single pulse control
 Latch  Air conservation
 OR, AND, NOT  Double flow
 Single pulse maker  Counting
 Slow pressure build
 Pre-select
123 Click the section to advance directly to it 29/11/2022

3/2 NO / NC
 A fully balanced valve allows
pressure on any pot or combination
of ports 12
2
10
 A single valve can be used normally
3 1
open or normally closed
 For normally open the supply
pressure is connected to port 1
 For normally closed the supply 2
12 10
3 1
124 29/11/2022
3/2 NO / NC
 A fully balanced valve allows
pressure on any pot or combination
of ports 12
2
10
 A single valve can be used normally
3 1
open or normally closed
 For normally open the supply
 For normally closed the supply 2
12 10
3 1
125 29/11/2022
3/2 Valve selection / diversion
 Selection of one of two supplies
connected to ports 1 and 3 can be
different pressures 12
2
10
 Diversion of one supply to one of
3 1
two outlets
 If it is required to exhaust the
downstream air a 5/2 valve is
required
3 1
12 10
2
126 29/11/2022
3/2 Valve selection / diversion
 Selection of one of two supplies
connected to ports 1 and 3 can be
different pressures 12
2
10
 Diversion of one supply to one of
3 1
two outlets
 If it is required to exhaust the
downstream air a 5/2 valve is
required
3 1
12 10
2
127 29/11/2022
Latch with controls
Out
 In this version of a latch the push
button valves are connected to 12
2
10
perform ‘OR’ and ‘NOT’ functions
3 1
 The ‘OFF’ valve must be placed last
in the signal chain so that if both 2
ON 12 10
valves are operated together the
‘OFF’ command will dominate over 3 1
the ‘ON’ command
2
OFF 12 10
3 1
128 29/11/2022
OR, AND, NOT
z 2
 A single 3/2 pilot operated spring OR 12 10
return valve can be use for any of
3 1
these logic functions
 x OR y gives output z x y
 x AND y gives output z z
AND 2
12 10
 x gives NOT z
3 1
x y
z 2
NOT 12 10
3 1
x
129 29/11/2022
Single pulse maker
 Converts a prolonged signal x into a
single pulse z z
 Signal z must be removed to allow
2
the valve to reset then x can be 12 10
applied again 3 1
 The duration of the pulse can be
adjusted with the flow regulator
130 29/11/2022
Slow initial pressure build up
 Choose a 3/2 pilot spring valve with
a relatively high operating force e.g.
2
3 to 4 bar 12 10
 When the quick connect coupling is 3 1

made, the output at port 2 is
controlled at the rate of the flow
regulator setting
 When the pressure is high enough to
operate the valve full flow will take
over
131 29/11/2022
Pre-select
 The lever valve can pre-select the
movement of the cylinder OUT or
IN 2
12 10
 The movement will occur the next
time the plunger valve is operated 3 1
 The plunger valve can be released 2

12 10
immediately and subsequently
operated and released any number 3 1
of times
2
10
12
3 1
OUT/IN
pre-select
132 29/11/2022
5/2 OR function
 The valve at position ‘a’ is reversed
connected and supplied from the
valve conventionally connected at
position ‘b’ 4 2
12
 The cylinder can be controlled from a 14
either position ‘a’ ‘OR’ position ‘b’ 5 1 3
4 2
12
b 14
5 1 3
133 29/11/2022
Single pulse control
 Each time the foot operated
valve is pressed the cylinder
will single stroke + and -
alternately 4 2
12
 First foot operation the 14
cylinder moves out 5 1
 Second foot operation the 2 2

12 10 12 10
cylinder moves in
3 1 3 1
 Third….. out and so on
12 2
10
3 1
134 29/11/2022
Air conservation
 Power stroke in the instroke
direction only
 Differential area of the piston gives
an outstroke force when the 4 2
12
pressure is balanced 14
5 1
 Air used to outstroke is equivalent
to a cylinder with only the same
bore as the rod diameter
 Assumes the cylinder is not loaded
on the plus stroke and low friction
135 29/11/2022
Air conservation
 Power stroke in the instroke
direction only
 Differential area of the piston gives
an outstroke force when the 4 2
12
pressure is balanced 14
5 1
 Air used to outstroke is equivalent
to a cylinder with only the same
bore as the rod diameter
 Assumes the cylinder is not loaded
on the plus stroke and low friction
136 29/11/2022
Double flow
 Where a larger 3/2 valve is not
available
 Two flow paths in a 5/2 valve each
with a separate supply can be 4 2
14 12
arranged to give double flow or
supply separate devices 5 1 3
 Ensure the tube size to the cylinder

is large enough to take the double
flow
137 29/11/2022
Double flow
 Where a larger 3/2 valve is not
available
 Two flow paths in a 5/2 valve each
with a separate supply can be 4 2
14 12
arranged to give double flow or
supply separate devices 5 1 3
 Ensure the tube size to the cylinder

is large enough to take the double
flow
138 29/11/2022
Counting
4
 Counting applications are best
achieved with electro-mechanical or
programmable electronic counters
3
 Pneumatic counting circuits use
large numbers of logic valves and
can be slow
 The counting chain shown will 2
count to 4
 Red and blue are non-overlapping
alternate pulses, purple is the reset
1
line
139 29/11/2022
Counting application
a0 a1
 The counting circuit is applied to A
count 4 strokes of a cylinder
 At rest all counting valves are held
reset by the start valve
 Start outstrokes ‘A’
 Alternate signals from ‘a1’ and ‘a0’
progresses operation of the counting
valves up the chain
 On the 4th operation of ‘a1’ the
green signal resets the start valve to Start
stop the cylinder
a1 a0
140 29/11/2022
Feedback methods
141 29/11/2022
Time delay
 A signal is restricted to slow the rate
of pressure build up on a pressure
switch (3/2 differential pressure Output
operated valve)
 When the pressure switch operates 2
12 10
a strong un-restricted output is
given 3 1
 A reservoir provides capacitance to

allow less fine and sensitive settings
on the flow regulator making it easy Signal
to adjust in
142 29/11/2022
Time delay
acting cylinder with a time delay in A

the outstroked position before
automatic return
4 2
14 12
5 1 3
2
12 10
3 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
3 1 a1 3 1
143 29/11/2022
Pressure decay
acting cylinder A
 Uses a low pressure operated valve

connected normally open
 When the back pressure in the front 4 2
of the cylinder falls below 0.1 bar 14 12
the return signal is given 5 1 3
 Connection taken between the
cylinder and flow regulator
2 2
 Useful for pressing work pieces of 12 10 10 12
variable size 3 1 1 3 0.1bar
144 29/11/2022
End
145 29/11/2022
Electro-pneumatic
146 29/11/2022
Elektro pneumatic
147 29/11/2022
Electro-pneumatic
 The majority of systems use  Circuit building block for
electrical/electronic control due to each cylinder
the high degree of sophistication and a0 a1
flexibility
A
 Solenoid valves are used to control
cylinders
 Feedback signals are from reed
switches, sensors and electrical limit 4 2
switches 14 12
 Logic is hard wired or programmed 5 1 3

in to a PLC (programmable logic
controller)
a0 a1
148 29/11/2022

1 - Fluidsim Pneumatic Circuits - Rev - 2022

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1 - Fluidsim Pneumatic Circuits - Rev - 2022

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MK Desain Sistem Otomasi Proses Berbasis Komputer

Basic Pneumatic Circuitry dan Fluidsim

For control and automation

14 Click the section to advance directly to it 29/11/2022

 3/2 Valve push button / spring 1

 3/2 Valve detented lever operated 2

 5/3 Valve double pressure operated 5 1 3

General manual Lever

Push button Pedal

Pull button Treadle

Push/pull button Rotary knob

Spring normally Pilot pressure

Roller Differential pressure

Uni-direction Detent in 3 positions

 Type 1. All ports blocked

 Type 2. Outlets to exhaust

 Type 3. Supply to outlets

 Quick exhaust valve with silencer

* Note: Traditional symbol in

 For cylinder B: b0 and b1 a0 3 1 a1 3 1

10 bar max 6 bar

 The push button must be held down

 The push button must be held down

 The push button must be held down

acting cylinder with automatic A

 Flow regulators mounted close to

 Flow regulators mounted close to

 Flow regulators mounted close to

 Flow regulators mounted close to

 Flow regulators mounted close to

 The cylinder will be pre-exhausted

 Can be used to balance pressures in

 The version illustrated is mono-

spring valve to give output Z 12 10

 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

spring valve to give output Z 12 10

 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

spring valve to give output Z 12 10

 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

spring valve to give output Z 12 10

 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

spring valve to give output Z 12 10

 A feedback from Z runs through the 3 1

123 Click the section to advance directly to it 29/11/2022

 When the quick connect coupling is 3 1

 The plunger valve can be released 2

either position ‘a’ ‘OR’ position ‘b’ 5 1 3

cylinder moves out 5 1

 Second foot operation the 2 2

 Ensure the tube size to the cylinder

 Ensure the tube size to the cylinder

 A reservoir provides capacitance to

acting cylinder with a time delay in A

 Uses a low pressure operated valve

 Logic is hard wired or programmed 5 1 3

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