Question Part I Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are amongfavou rite desserts served during

special occasions such asbirthday parties, Hari Raya , weddings and etc. Cakes aretreasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also inthe art of cake baking and cake decorating. Find out howmathematics is used in cake baking and cake decorating andwrite about your findings. Answer: Geometry To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estima te volume of cake to be produced Calculus (differentiation) To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking, to estimate min. or max.amoun t of cream needed for decorating, to estimate min. or max. size of cake produced . Progressions To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proport ional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to estim ate total amount of cream for decoration.

Part II Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of ro und cake as shownin Diagram 1 for the Teachers Daycelebration. (Diagram 11) 1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800 , and the height of the cake is to be 7.0cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cak e ordered by your school. = 3.142] [Use Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.14 2)( ) x 7 (3.142) = ( ) 863.872 = ( ) = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm 2)The cake will be bak ed in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cmin width and 45 .0 cm in height. a)If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using diff erent values of heights,hcm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the ba king tray to beused,d cm. Tabulate your answers

Answer: First, form the formulafor d in terms of h by using the above formula fo r volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h

= = d d= Height,h (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Diameter,d(cm) 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 68.56 63.49 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18 (b)Based on the values in your table, (i)state the range of heights that isNOTsu itable for the cakes andexplain your answers. Answer: h< 7cm is NOT suitable, be cause the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Further more, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive.

(ii)suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Givereason s for your answer. Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the ove n, and the size is suitable for easy handling. (c) (i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation betweenhand d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you haveformed. [You may draw y our graph with the aid of computersoftware.] Answer: 19000 = (3.142)( )h 19000/(3.142)h = = d d= d= log d = log d = Log h Log d

log h + log 155.53 0 2.19 1 1.69 2 1.19 3 0.69 4 0.19

(ii) (a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5 cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. Answer: h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm (b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use yourgraph to estimate the height of the cake obtained. Answer: d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm 3)Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream . The thicknessof the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about1cm (a)Es timate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using thedimensio ns that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm Amount of f resh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface Vol. of c ream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream = (3.142)( = 237 5 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(54.99/2)( 8) x 1 = 1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 3757.23 c m (b)Suggestthreeother shapes for cake, that will have the same height andvolume as those suggested in 2(b)(ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream tobe used on each of the cakes. Answer: ) x 1

1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid) 19000 = base area x height base area = length x width = 2375 By trial and improv ement, 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8) Therefore, volum e of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of fro nt/back side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2( 8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 3935 cm 2 Triangle-shaped base 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375 length x wid th = 4750 By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Sla nt length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23 Therefore, amount of cream = Area of recta ngular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/ri ght side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 4346.68 cm 3 Pentagon-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triang les in a pentagon therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width By tr ial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, amount o f cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 3135 cm (c)Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the leastamount of fresh cream to be used? Answer: Pentagon -shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used. Part III Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amoun t of fresh cream todecorate. Use at least two different methods including Calcul us.State whether you would choose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reason s for youranswers. Answer: Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh ( 1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2) From (1): h = Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3.142)r + 2 (3.142)r( V = (3.142)r + ( ) ) (3) V = (3.142)r + 38000r-1

( ) = 2(3.142)r ( ) ) -->> minimum value, therefore =0 0 = 2(3.142)r ( = 2(3.142)r = r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3): h= h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm Method 2: Quadrati c Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142 )[ (r + ) ( ) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0

= (3.142)[ (r + h) h ] = (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates m n. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h) Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104 h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22) r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2 r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions b ecause its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore le ss attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily.

FURTHER EXPLORATION Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake fo r Merdeka Day celebration, asshown in Diagram 2. The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cake is10 % less than the radius of the second cake and so on.(a) Find the volume of the f irst, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparingall these values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern?Explain and ela borate on the number patterns. Answer: height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of la rgest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake radius of 3rd c ake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599 a = 31, r = V = (3.142)rh Radius of 1st cake = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Radius o f 2nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 14674.585 Radius of 3rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 11886.414 Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = 9627.99 5 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, a = 18116.772, ratio, r = T2/T1 = T 3 /T2 = = 0.81 (b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculate the ma ximumnumber of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer using oth ermethods. Answer:

Sn =

Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 57000 =

1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n og0.81 0.40221 = n n=

n = 4.322 therefore, n 4

REFLECTION In the making of this project, I have spent countless hours doing thi s project.I realized that this subject is a compulsory to me. Without it, I cant fulfill my big dreams and wishes. I used to hate Additional Mathematics It always makes me wonder why this subject is so difficult I always tried to love every par t of it It always an absolute obstacle for me Throughout day and night I sacrificed my precious time to have fun From.. Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday And even the weekend that I always looking forward to 1 28ve 980 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (Cover the top part of the phrase 1 28ve 980 From now on, I will do my best on eve ry second that I will learn Additional Mathematics.