METODE

PENELITIAN
DALAM
PSIKOLOGI
1.
How
psychologist
answer question?
 “
“Scientific method is multistep
technique of gathering information and
answering question so that errors and
biases are minimized”

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 “
“ Metode ilmiah adalah suatu teknik
yang memiliki beragam langkah untuk
dapat mengumpulkan informasi dan
menjawab suatu pertanyaan sehingga
dapat mengurangi tingkat kesalahan
serta pemahaman ganda (bias)”

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 6 tahapan metode ilmiah
1 • Review The Literatur
2
• Formulate a hypothesis
3 • Design the study
4 • Collect the data
5 • Draw conclusion
6 • Report The finding
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Advantages

▪ Specific & Precise

▪ Empirical Process that ultimately reducese
error by making the research finding
available to others who can replicate and
critique them

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2.
Type of
Scientific
Methode
Descriptive Research

Correlational Research

Experimental Research

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DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

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3 Type of Descriptive Research

Naturalistic
Survey Case Study
Observation

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Survey
Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali informasi
dengan mengajukan pertanyaan berdasarkan daftar
pertanyaan ttg suatu subjek kepada banyak orang (scr
langsung, via telp, via internet

Advantages Disadvantages
Cepat & efisien Bagaimana pertanyaan
Mampu mengidentifikasi itu ditulis
& mengevaluasi suatu Siapa yang mengajukan
program pertanyaan

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Naturalistic Observation
Suatu metode penelitian yang menggali informasi
dengan menggunakan pengamatan perilaku dalam
setting yang alamiah tanpa melakukan kontrol atau
perubahan pada lingkungan

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Menjelaskan kondisi 1. Bias dari faktor pengamat
secara apa 2. Lama, usaha yang besar,
adanya(tanpa rekayasa) terkadang membutuhkan
2. Cocok untuk penelitian pelatihan sebelumnya
yang terkait perilaku 3. Minim kontrol
manusia
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Case Study
Metode penelitian untuk menganalisis lebih dalam
mengenai perasaan,pemikiran, keyakinan, atau perilaku
seseorang
Advantages Disadvantages
Mendapat informasi yang Terkadang sulit akurat
lebih detail penyeba dan salah interpretasi
terjadinya suatu perilaku bagi subjek (testimonial,
Lebih memahami tumbuh personal belief & self
kembang, dan fulfilling prophecy)
mengevaluasi perilaku Social desirability bias
yang akan muncul
nantinya
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3.
Cultural diversity
:
Use of “Placebo”
Placebo Effect
Placebo "Is some intervention such Contoh
as going on operation, thats
resembles medical therapy but in fact,
Garlic
has no medical effect”
mengobati flu
burung

Tiger Bones
Placebo Effect
mengobati malaria,
Is change in the patient’s illness thats is
membuat panjang
attributeable to an imagined treatment
umur
rather than to a medical treatment .

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CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH

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 Correlation
“Is an association or
relationship between the
occurrence of two or more
event”

“ merupakan dua atau

lebih suatu kejadian yang
saling berhubungan”

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 Correlation Coefficient
“is a number that indicate
the strength of a
relationship between two
or more events; the closer
the number is to -1.00
or + 1.00, the greater is
the strength of the
relationship”

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 A perfect positive correlation coefficient of +1.00
means thats increasing in one events is “always
matched” by an equal increase in a second event

A positive correlation coefficient from +0.01 to +0.99 indicates

thats as one event tends to increase, the second event tends
to, but does not always increase.

A zero correlation 0.00 indicates that there is no

relationship betweem the occurance of the event and
the occurance of the second event

A negative correlation coefficient from -0.01 to -0.99

indicates thats as one event tends to increase, the
second event tends to, but not always decrease

A perfect negative correlation coefficient of -1.00

means thats decrease in one events is “always
matched” by an equal decrease in a second event
Correlation Research
Advantages Disadvantages
Correlation can provide Correlation can not
clues to the actual indicate cause and
casual relationship effect
Help predict behavior

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EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

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An experiment is a
method for identifying
cause and effect
relatinship by following a
set of rules and
guidelines that minimize Place your screenshot here

the possibility of error,

bias and chance of
occurrences.

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SEVEN RULES CONDUCTING AN EXPERIMENT

1. Ask

2. Identify

3. Choose

4. Assign

5. Manipulate

6. Measure

7. Analyze
You can insert graphs from Google Sheets

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RULES EXPERIMENT
Rule 1. Ask Rule 2. Identify Rule 3. Choose
Begin with one or Identify the treatment Choose participant
more specific question → variable for experiment
that are change into
specific hypothesis.
Hypothesis is an Variable Independent A population
educated guess about
Variable dependent A sample
some phenomenon
and is stated in Random Selection
precise, concreate
language to rule out
confusion or error in
the meaning of its term

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RULES EXPERIMENT
Rule 4. Rule 5. Rule 6. Rule 7.
Assign Manipulate Measure Analyze
Randomly Researchers Able to Statistical
assign manipulate the measure how procedure
participant to independent the IV affect
diffrent group variable by those behavior
administering
The teh treatment
experimental to the
group experimental
The control group
grup A double blind
procedure
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Experimental Research

Advantages Disadvantages
Correlation can explain Experimenter bias
cause and effect Cannot used to study
Reduce the likelihood of certain research
extraneous variable question to due ethical
influencing the DV concerns
Can be used to examine
variable pricisely

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Ethical in Research (Kalat, 2017)
Ethical Concern in Human Ethical Concern in Non
Human

▪ Used “informed ▪ Many controversies

consent” before ▪ Supervised by
conducting the Comittee of Animal
research research and
▪ Research at college Experiment
must first be first be
approved by
Institutional Review
Board (IRB)
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Thanks!

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