ABBREVIATIONS

AS. Anglo-Saxon A. Arabic dim. diminutive F. French Ger. German G. Greek L. Latin NL. New Latin OF. Old French pl. plural

COMMONLY USED PREFIXES

Prefix Meaning Example a-, anG. lacking, without asexual, without sex abL. away from abduction, lead away adL. to, toward adduction, lead towards afL. to, toward afferent, bring towards amphiG. on both sides, double amphiarthrosis, two joints androG. a male androgen, male producing anteL. forward, before antebrachium, forearm antiG. against, reverse, opposed to antihelix, reverse coil apoG. from apocrine, secreting from autoG. autos, self autonomic, self governing basiL. pertaining to the base basiocciput, occipital base biL. twice, double bicipital, two heads brachyG. short brachycephaly, short head cephaloG. head cephalometry, head measure circumL. around, about circumduction, lead around chondroG. chondras, cartilage chondrocyte, cartilage cell Commonly Used Prefixes co-, com-, con- L. together, with constrictor, draw together deL. away from, down deglutition, swallow down diG. double, twice diaplegia, both sides di-, diaG. through, between diaphragm, wall between disL. apart, away disarticulate, joint apart e-, ecto-, exG. on outer side ectoderm, outer layer extraL. extra, outside extradural, outside the dura em-, enG. in, on embolism, wedge inside en-, endoG. within endocardium, within heart epiG. upon, over epicardium, over heart euG. the better of alternates eugenics, better generation exoG. outside exophthalmos, bulging eye extraL. outside extracellular, outside the cell gastroG. gaster, stomach, belly gastrocolic reflex, stomach-colon reflex helicoG. twisted helicotrema, twisted hole hemiG. half hemisphere, half a sphere holoG. whole holocrine, whole secretion homoG. one and the same homologous hyperG. over, above, excessive hypertrophy, over growth hypoG. under, deficient,below hypothalamus, below the thalamus im-, inL. not immature, not mature infraL. below infraorbital, below orbit

Anatomical Terms and their Derivation interL. between intervertebral, between the vertebrae intraL. inside, within intramuscular, within muscle introL. within, into introspection, look inside isoG. equal isometric, equal measure macroG. big, large macrocyte, large cell megaG. great megalocyte, large cell metaG. change, after metacarpal, after the carpus (wrist) mes-, mesoG. middle mesogastrium microG. small microscope, looking small myoG. mys, muscle combining form of muscle neuroG. neuron, nerve combining form of nerve (tendon, see aponeurosis) omniL. omnis, all omnipotent, all powerful omphaloG. combining form (omphalos) signifying the navel ooG. oon, egg oocyte, egg cell orthoG. orthos, straight, direct orthograde, straight walking osteoG. osteon, bone osteocyte, bone cell paraG. by the side of paravertebral, beside the vertebrae periG. around peritoneum, stretched around postL. after, behind postaxial, behind the axis prae-, preL. before prenatal, before birth proG. before, for pronephros, before kidney Commonly Used Prefixes reL. again, back reflect, turn back retroL. backward, behind retroperitoneal, behind the peritoneum semiL. half semimembranosus, half membranous subL. under subclavius, under clavicle supraL. above supraspinatous, above spine sym-, synG. together, with symphysis, synostosis transL. across transpyloric, across pylorus ultraL. in excess, beyond ultrasonic, beyond (audible) sounds

COMMONLY USED SUFFIXES

Suffix Meaning Example -algia -coele -ectomy -form -graph -itis -logy -oid -opia -pathy -rhoea -scopy -tomy -uria G. algos, pain neuralgia, nerve pain G. koilia, hollow blastocoele, hollow cell ball G. ek-tome, cutting out appendicectomy L. forma, shape fusiform, spindle shaped G. graphein, to write radiograph G. suffix indicating inflammation conjunctivitis G. logos, treatise, word, study of pathology G. eidos, form, resemblance mastoid, breast shaped G. opsis, sight diplopia, double vision G. pathos, suffering sympathy G. rhein, to flow diarrhoea G. skopein, to view endoscopy G. temnein, to cut hysterectomy G. ouron, urine haematuria, blood in urine

A line - abbreviation for arterial line, a very thin and small hollow tube that is placed in an artery. Allows second to second monitoring of blood pressure and allows nurses to draw blood for testing. Can be placed in wrist, groin or ankle. ABD - abbreviation for army battle dressing. These bandages are often seen in documentary footage of injured soldiers as the white fluffy bandages taped onto head wounds. ABG abbreviation for arterial blood gas, a small sample of blood removed from an artery and analyzed in the lab. Provides information on the amount of oxygen in the blood and how well the lungs and kidneys are working. ACS abbreviation for American College of Surgeons, a professional group requiring boardcertification and attainment of other practice parameters for entry. adhesions scar tissue that forms between loops of bowel after surgery performed in the abdominal cavity. adenocarcinoma a type of malignancy where the cancerous cell is columnar in shape. a fib slang for atrial fibrillation, an irregular beating of the top chambers of the heart or atria. appendectomy surgical removal of the appendix. atrium one of two chambers in the heart that receives blood. The right atrium receives blood from the vena cava before pumping it to the right ventricle and the left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary arteries before pumping it to the left ventricle. atrophy wasting away or shrinkage of a body part or tissue. ATLS abbreviation for Advanced Traum Life Support, a formal program of requirements to standardize and improve trauma care by hospitals and physicians. bariatric surgery area of surgery that describes procedures performed to cause weight loss bifid this means a body part or tissue has cleft into two parts or branches. bile substance made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder and secreted into the duodenum when a person eats. It aids in digestion of fats. blepharoplasty surgery on the eyelids; usual meaning is for a cosmetic improvement. blood gas see ABG above. bradycardia a slow heartbeat. In adults this means a rate of less than 60 beats per minute.

bursa sac-like structure filled with thick fluid that prevents certain tissues from rubbing against each other. c diff abbreviation for Clostridium difficile infection, a serious and potentially life-threatening overgrowth of bacteria in the colon, usually caused by antibiotic use. carcinoma another word for cancer. cardiac another word for heart. cecum the very last two inches of the small bowel and the transistion area between the ileum (see below) and the first part of the colon (see below). In normal anatomy it lies in the right lower part of the abdominal cavity. cholecystectomy surgical removal of the gallbladder. Used to be performed with the open technique using an incision of about six inches under the right rib cage. Now most commonly performed using laparoscopic technique (see entry below). colectomy surgical removal of all or a part of the colon. colon the large bowel. craniotomy surgical opening made in the skull to allow access to the brain. creatinine a waste product made by the body and passed out of the body in the urine. The normal value is less than 1.0. CRNA abbreviation for certified registered nurse anesthetist. CT abbreviation for computed tomography distal describes position of body part that is farther from the center. Example: the proximal leg is the calf. duodenum the first part of the small bowel. EGD abbreviation for endoscopic gastroduodenosopy (placement of scope into esophagus and stomach). erythrocyte another word for red blood cell. ET tube abbreviation for endotracheal tube, or the proverbial breathing tube extubate removal of the hollow breathing tube from the mouth or nose and windpipe. Usually means the patient is capable of breathing on their own.

femur the large bone running from the knee to the hip. Also called the thigh bone. fibrosis scar tissue. fibula the smaller outside bone of the two bones of the lower leg. It runs from just under the knee to the ankle. Foley catheter - hollow plastic tube placed into the bladder to drain urine. forceps large, tweezer-like surgical instruments used for grasping tissue. gastric another word for stomach. genicular relating to the knee. Ex. the genicular arteries are the many small arteries surrounding the knee. hepatic another term for liver. IM abbreviation for intramuscular; some medications are given IM via a needle and syringe. IV abbreviation for intravenous; medications and fluids are typically given this way to inpatients. IVC abbreviation for inferior vena cava. JP abbreviation Jackson Pratt drain; used to remove fluid or blood after surgery; has a suction bulb that can be emptied by the patient or nursing staff. Lasik a specific surgical procedure for vision correction. MRSA abbreviation for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. orthopedic pertaining to the bone; examples of orthopedic surgeries are hip and knee replacements and spine surgery. OT abbreviation for occupational therapy. PA abbreviation for acronym for physician assistant. perioperative the time just before and/or just after surgery. po abbreviation for per os, meaning by mouth. PT abbreviation for physical therapy. renal another term for kidney.

scut term used by medical professionals (particularly medical students and residents) for the busy work of providing health care; looking up lab test results, removing drains, calling referring doctors. Swan used as either a noun or a verb. As a noun it refers to a Swan-Ganz catheter which is a long plastic catheter placed through the subclavian or jugular vein into the right atrium, into the right ventricle, and out the pulmonary artery into the lung vasculature. As a verb it means to place the Swan-Ganz catheter. trach slang for tracheostomy or a breathing tube placed surgically into the trachea that exits the skin of the neck. urologist a physician who specializes in disorders of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, penis, urethra, and scrotum. USMLE acronym for the United States Medical Licensing Exam. There are three parts that every medical student who trains in the US must pass steps 1, 2, and 3. VAP abbreviation for ventilator associated pnemonia vtach ventricular tachycardia, a life-threatening heart rhythm where the ventricles (lower heart chambers) contract without stimulus from the atria (upper heart chambers). VRE abbreviation for vancomycin resistant enterococcus. whack slang term for surgery.
TAH: Total Abdominal Hysterectomy TVH: Total Vaginal Hysterectomy LAVH: Lapascopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy BKA: Below the Knee Amputation AKA: Above the Knee Amputation LEEP: Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure FESS: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft D and C: Dilatation and Currettage ORIF: Open Reduction Internal Fixation

T and A: get your mind out of the gutter!! This stands for Tonsils and Adenoids
A AA - amino acid AAA - abdominal aortic aneurysm AAL - anterior axillary line A>B - air conduction greater than bone conduction ABBI - advanced breast biopsy instrument ABC - aneurysmal bone cyst ABD - abdomen ABG - arterial blood gas ABI - ankle to brachial index ABP - androgen binding protein Abx - antibiotics ac - ante cibum (before meals) AC - abdominal cicumference AC - adriamycin, cyclophosphamide ACA - anterior cerebral artery ACBE - air contrast barium enema ACE - angiotensin-converting enzyme ACLS - advanced cardiac life support ACT - activated clotting time ACTH - adrenocorticotrophic hormne ADA - American Diabetes Association ADA - American Dental Association ADA - American Dietetic Association ADCC - antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ADH - antidiuretic hormone ADHD - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADI - acceptable daily intake ADL - activities of daily living ADR - adverse drug reaction AED - automated external defibrillators AES - adult emergency service AF - afebrile AF - acid-fast AF - anterior fontanel AF - aortofemoral AF - atrial fibrillation AFB - acid-fast bacillus AFI - amniotic fluid index AFP - alpha fetoprotein AH - auditory hallucination AHG - antihemophilic globulin AI - aortic insufficiency

AIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIHA - autoimmune hemolytic anemia AIS - abbreviated injury scale AKA - above the knee amputation AKA - also known as al - left ear ALA - aminolevulinic acid ALL - acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALOC - alternate level of care ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS - advanced life support ALT - alanine transaminase AMA - anti-mitochondrial antibodies AMA - against medical advice AMA - American Medical Association AMA - advanced maternal age AMI - acute myocardial infarction AMI - anterior myocardial infarction AML - acute myeloblastic leukemia AMN - adrenomyeloneuropathy AMP - ampicillin AMS - altered mental status ANA - anti-nuclear antibodies ANC - absolute neutrophil count ANCA - antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ANP - atrial natriuretic peptide A&O - alert and oriented AOB - alcohol on breath AOM - acute otitis media AP - anteroposterior AP - angina pectoris AP - acid phosphatase APA - antiphospholipid antibody APC - atrial premature contraction APD - afferent pupillary defect APR - abdominal perineal resection APR - anterior posterior repair APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time APUD - amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation ARDS - adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF - acute renal failure ARF - acute rheumatic fever AROM - artificial rupture of membrane ART - anti-retroviral therapy ART - assisted reproductive technologly AS - aortic stenosis ASA - acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) ASAP - as soon as possible ASCAD - atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

ASCAD - atherosclerotic cerebal artery disease ASCUS - atypical squamous cells of unknown significance ASD - atrial septal defect ASHD - atherosclerotic heart disease ASD - antisocial personality disorder ASO - anti-streptolysin O ASP - antisocial personality AST - aspartate aminotransferase AT - atraumatic AT - ataxia-telangiectasia ATLS - advanced trauma life support ATN - acute tubular necrosis ATP - adenosine triphosphate au - both ears AV - atrioventricular AV - arteriovenous AV - aortic valve AVF - arginine vasopressin AVM - arteriovenous malformation AVN - atrioventricular node AVR - aortic valve replacement AVRT - atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia A&W - alive and well AXR - abdominal x-ray AZT - zidovudine B B1 - Billroth 1 gastroduodenostomy B2 - Billroth 2 gastrojejunostomy BAD - bipolar affective disorder BAL - blood alcohol level BB - bundle branch BBB - blood brain barrier BBB - bundle branch block BBT - basal body temperature BC - blood culture BC - birth control BCG - Bacille Calmette-Gurein (tuberculosis vaccine) BCx - blood culture BE - barium enema BE - bacterial endocarditis BFP - biological false positive BIB - brought in by BIBA - brought in by ambulance bid - bis in dies (twice a day) BKA - below the knee amputation BLS - basic life support BM - bowel movement BM - black male

BMD - bone mass density BMI - body mass index BMR - basic metabolic rate BMT - bone marrow transplant BP - blood pressure BPD - biparietal diameter BPP - biophysical profile BPH - benign prostatic hypertrophy BRB - bright red blood BRBPR - bright red blood per rectum BS - bowel sounds BS - breath sounds BSA - body surface area BSO - bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy BTL - bilateral tubal ligation BUFA - baby up for adoption BUN - blood urea nitrogen BW - black woman BW - birth weight Bx - biopsy C c - cum (with) Ca - calcium CA - cancer CAB - carotid artery bruit CABG - coronary artery bypass graft CAD - coronary artery disease CAE - carotid endartectomy? CAGE - cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye-opener CAH - chronic active hepatitis CAH - congenital adrenal hyperplasia CAH - command auditory hallucination CAO - chronic airway obstruction CAP - community acquired pneumonia CAD - chest, abdomen, pelvis CAT - computed axial tomography CBC - complete blood count CBD - common bile duct CBF - cerebral blood flow CC - chief complaint CCB - calcium channel blocker C/C/C - clubbing, cyanosis, edema CC - chief complaint CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CEA - carcinoembryonic antigen CF - caucasian female CF - cystic fibrosis C/F - chills, fever

CF - citrovorum factor (leucovorin) CFT - complement fixation testing CFTR - cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator CGD - chronic granulomatous disease CHD - congenital heart disease CHF - congestive heart failure CIN - cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease CK - creatine kinase CLL - chronic lymphocytic leukemia CM - case manager CMF - cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil CML - chronic myeloid leukemia CMT - cervical motion tenderness CMV - cytomegalovirus CN - cranial nerve CNS - central nervous system CO - cardiac output c/o - compains of COLD - chronic obstructive lung disease COMT - catechol-O- methyltransferase COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP - chest pain CP - cerebral palsy CPAP - continuous positive airway pressure CPC - clinicopathologic conference CPCR - cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation CPD - cephalopelvic disproportion CPI chronic uteralplacental insufficiency CPK - creatine phosphokinase CPP - cerebral perfusion pressure CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation CRF - chronic renal failure CRH - corticotropin releasing hormone CRI - chronic renal insufficiency CRL - crown rump length CRS - corticotropin-releasing hormone C/S - Cesarean section C&S - culture and sensitivity CSF - cerebrospinal fluid CSF - colony stimulating factor CST - contraction stress test CSW - case social worker CT - computed tomography CTA - clear to auscultation CTZ - chemoreceptor trigger zone CUPS - cancer of unknown primary site CV - cardiovascular CVA - cerebral vascular accident

CVA - costovertebral angle CVOD - corporal veno-occlusive dysfunctioN CVS - chorionic villus sampling c/w - consistant with CW - caucasian woman CVP - central venous pressure CVS - chorionic villous sampling CXR - chest x-ray CYA - cover your ass CYE - charcoal yeast extract D D5W - 5% dextrose in water D5WNS - 5% dextrose in normal saline D50W - 50% dextrose in water DA - developmental age DA - dopamine DAG - diacyl glycerol DAP - Draw-a-Person Test DAP - diaminopimelic acid DAT - dementia of the Alzheimer type DAW - dispense as written D/C - discontinue DC - discharge D&C - dilation and curettage DCIS - ductal carcinoma in situ DDAVP - diamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin DDC - dideoxycytidine DDI - deoxyadenosine Ddx - differential diagnosis D&E - dilation and evacuation DEB - diepoxybutane DES - diethylstilbestrol DEXA - dual emission x-ray aborption DFS - disease free survival DH - dermatits herpetiformis DHEA - dehydroepiandrosterone DHEAS - dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate DHT - dihydrotestosterone DI - diabetes insipidus DIC - disseminated intravascular coagulation DICC - dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography DIT - diiodotyrosine DKA - diabetic ketoacidosis DM - diabetes mellitus DMD - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy DMPA - depo-provera DMSA - dimercaptosuccinic acid DNA - deoxyribose nucleic acid

DNKA - did not keep appointment DNR - do not resuscitate DO - disorder DOA - dead on arrival DOA - date of admission DOB - date of birth DOE - dyspnea on exertion DOT - directly observed therapy DP - dorsalis pedalis DPI - dry powder inhaler DPL - diagnostic peritoneal lavage DPT - diptheria, pertussis, tetanus DSA - digital subtraction angiography DSD - detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders DST - dexamethasone suppression test DT - delirium tremens DTaP - diptheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis DTP - diptheria, tetanus, pertussis (vaccine) DTR - deep tendon reflex DUB - dysfunctional uterine bleeding DV - domestic violence DVT - deep venous thrombosis Dx - diagnosis E EBI - exercise induced bronchospasm EBL - estimated blood loss EBV - Epstein-Barr virus EC - eye contact ECASA - enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid ECC - emergency cardiac care ECF - extracellular fluid ECG - electrocardiogram ECMO - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECR - endocavitary radiation ECT - electroconvulsive therapy ECV - external cephalic version ED50 - effective dose in 50% population EDC - estimated date of confinement EDD - estimated delivery date EDP - emotionally disturbed person EDTA - ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEG - electroencephalogram EF - ejection fraction EFW - estimated fetal weight EGA - estimated gestational age EGC - early gastric cancer EGD - esophagogastroduodenoscopy

EGF - epidermal growth factor EHBA - extrahepatic biliary atresia EHEC - enterohemorrhagic e. coli EIEC - enteroinvasive e. coli EKG - electrocardiogram ELISA - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMD - electromechanical dissociation EMG - electronyogram EMS - emergency medical services EOMI - extraocular muscles intact EPEC - enteropathogenic e. coli EPP - end plate potential EPS - extrapyramidal syndrome EPS - expressed prostatic secretions EPS - exophthalmos-producing substance ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERP - effective refractory period ERV - expiratory reserve volume ESL - English as second language ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESS - empty sella syndrome EST - exercise stress test ESRD - end stage renal disease ESWT - extracorporeal shock wave therapy ETC - electron transport chain ETEC - enterotoxic e. coli EtOH - ethanol (alcohol) EVS - endovaginal sonography EW - emergency ward F F - father F - female FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis FAS - fetal alcohol syndrome FB - foreign body F/C - fever, chills FDA - Food and Drug Administration FEF - forced expiratory flow FEN - fluids, electrolytes, nutrition FEV - forced expiratory volume FFP - fresh frozen plasma FH - family history FH - fundal height FHR - fetal heart rate FL - femur length FM - fetal movement FNA - fine needle aspiration FNF - finger to nose

FNH - follicular nodular hyperplasia? FOB - father of baby FOBT - fecal occult blood testing FRC - functional residual capacity FROM - free range of motion FS - finger stick FSE - fetal scalp electrode FSH - follicle stimulating hormone FT - full term FTP - failure to progress FTT - failure to thrive F/U - follow up FU - fluorouracil FUO - fever of unknown origin FVC - forced vital capacity G G6PD - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase GA - gestational age GABA - gamma-amino butyric acid GAD - generalized anxiety disorder GAF - global assessment of function GBM - glioblastoma multiforme GBS - Guillain-Barr syndrome GC - gonococcal GCS - Glasgow Coma scale GDM - gestational diabetes mellitus GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease GETA - general endotracheal anesthesia GIFT - gamete intrafallopian transfer GFR - glomerular filtration rate GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase GMC - generalized medical condition GnRH - gonadotropine releasing hormone GH - growth hormone GHRH - growth hormone releasing hormone GI - gastrointestinal GIST - gastrointestinal stromal tumor GLT - glucose loading test GSW - gun shot wound GTD - gestational trophoblastic disease GTP - guanosine triphosphate GTT - glucose tolerance test GU - genitourinary H HA - headache HA - hemolytic anemia HAV - hepatitis A virus

HBV - hepatitis B virus Hb - hemoglobin HC - head circumference hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin hCS - human chorionic somatomammootropin hct - hematocrit HCTZ - hydrochlorothiazide HCV - hepatitis C virus HDL - high density lipoprotein HDV - hepatitis D virus HEENT - head, eyes, ears, nose, throat HEPA - high efficiency particulate air HEV - hepatitis E virus HIAA - 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid HIB - hemophilus influenzae type B HIDA - hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid HIV - human immunodeficiency virus HKS - heel knee shin HLA - human leukocyte antigen hMG - human menopausal gonadotropin HMO - health maintenance organization HNPCC - hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer HP - hospital police HPA - hypothalamic suppression test HPI - history of present illness hPL - human placental lactogen HPV - human papillomavirus HR - heart rate HRCT - high resolution computed tomography HRT - hormone replacement therapy HSG - hysterosalpingogram HSV - herpes simplex virus HTLV - human T-cell leukemia virus HTN - hypertension HUS - hemolytic uremic syndrome HVA - homovanillic acid I IA - intraarterial IBD - inflammatory bowel disease IBS - inflammatory bowel syndrome IBW - ideal body weight IC - inspiratory capacity IC - immunocompromised ICA - internal carotid artery ICD-9 - International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision ICH - intracerebral hemorrhage ICM - intensive case manager ICP - intracranial pressure

ICU - intensive care unit I&D - incision and drainage ID - infectious diseases IDDM - insulin dependent diabetis mellitus IFN - interferon IGF - insulin-like growth factor IHSS - idiopathic hypertropric subacute stenosis IL - interleukin IM - intramuscular IMA - internal mammary artery IMA - inferior mesenteric artery IMV - inferior mesenteric vein IMV - intermittent mandatory ventilation INH - isoniazid INO - internuclear opthalmoplegia INR - international normalized ratio I&O - ins and outs IOC - intraoperative cholangiogram ION - ischemic optic neuropathy IOR - ideas of reference IP - inpatient IPF - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPPB - intermittent positive pressure breathing IPV - inactivated polio vaccine IQ - intelligence quotient IRV - inspiratory reserve volume ISS - insulin sliding scale ISS - injury severity score ITP - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura IUD - intrauterine device IUFD - intrauterine fetal death IUGR - intrauterine growth restriction IUI - intrauterine insemination IUP - intrauterine pregnancy IUPC - intrauterine pressure catheter IV - intravenous IVC - inferior vena cava IVCD - intraventricular conduction delay IVDSA - intravenous digital subtraction angiography IVDU - intravenous drug use IVF - intravenuous fluids IVF - in vitro fertilization IVH - intraventricular hemorrhage IVIG - intravenous immune globulin IVP - intravenous pyelogram IVP - intravenous push J JCV - JC virus

JGA - juxtaglumerular apparatus JP - Jackson-Pratt (tube) JRA - juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JVD - jugular venous distension K KS - Kaposi sarcoma KUB - kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray) L LA - left atrium LAAM - L-a-acetylmethadol LAHB - left anterior hemiblock LAD - lymphadenopathy LAD - left anterior descending LAD - leukocyte adhesion deficiency LAP - leukocyte alkaline phosphatase LAFB - left anterior fascicular block LAR - low anterior resection LBBB - left bundle branch block LBP - lower back pain LBW - low birth weight LCIS - lobular carcinoma in situ LCME - Liaison Committee on Medical Education LD50 - lethal dose in 50% population LDH - lactase dehydrogenase LDL - low density lipoprotein LDR - labor and delivery room LE - lower extremity LE - leukocyte esterase LES - lower esophageal sphincter LEV - levamisole LFD - low fat diet LFT - liver function test LGA - large for gestational age LGV - lymphogranuloma venereum LH - luteinizing hormone LIH - left inguinal hernia LLL - left lower lobe LLQ - left lower quadrant LMP - last menstural period LOA - left occiput anterior LOC - loss of conciousness LOC - level of conciousness LOF - loss of fluid LOP - left occiput posterior LOS - length of stay LOT - left occiput transverse LP - lumbar puncture

LPFB - left posterior fascicular block LPHB - left posterior hemiblock LR - lactated Ringer's LSB - left sternal border LSD - lysergic acid diethylamide LSO - left salpingo-oophrectomy LTX - leukotrienes LUL - left upper lobe LUQ - left upper quadrant LV - left ventricle LVH - left ventricular hypertrophy M M - mother M - male MABP - mean arterial blood pressure MAC - mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex MAC - minimum alveolar concentration MAI - mycobacterium avium intracellulare MAOI - monoamine oxidase inhibitor MAP - mean arterial pressure MAS - meconium aspiration syndrome MAT - multifocal atrial tachycardia MBC - minimal bacteriocidal concentration MCA - middle cerebral artery MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCL - mid clavicular line MCO - managed care organization MCTD - mixed connective tissue disease MCV - mean corpuscular volume MD - Medicinae Doctor MD - muscular dystrophy MDD - maximum daily dose MDD - major depressive disorder MDE - major depressive episode MDI - metered dose inhaler MEA - multiple endocrine adenomatosis MEC - mininum effective concentration MEFR - maximal expiratory flow rate MEN - multiple endocrine neoplasia MHC - major histocompatibility complex MHPG - 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylglycol MI - myocardial infarction MI - mitral insufficiency MIC - minimal inhibitory concentration MIF - mllerian inhibiting factor MIT - monoiodotyrosine MLD - metachromatic leukodystrophy

M&M - morbidity and mortality MMEFR - maximal mid-expiratory flow rate MMFR - maximal mid-expiratory flow rate MMM - moist mucous membrane MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMR - measles, mumps, rubella (vaccine) MOPD - mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine, prednisone MR - mental retardation MRA - magnetic resonance angiography MRCP - magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRDD - maximum recommended daily dose MRG - murmurs, rubs, and gallops MRI - magnetic resonance imaging MRM - modified radical mastectomy MRPN - medical resident progress note MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRT - medical review team MRT - magnetic resonance tomography MS - multiple sclerosis MS - mental status MS - mitral stenosis MS - morphine sulfate MSAFP - maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein MSD - mean sac diameter MSE - mental status examination MSG - monosodium glutamate MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone MSO4 - morphine sulfate MV - mitral valve MVA - motor vehicle accident MVI - multivitamin MVP - mitral valve prolapse MVR - mitral valve replacement MVV - max voluntary ventilation N NAD - no acute distress NAD - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NBT - nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test NC - normo-cephalic NC - no change NC - nasal canula NCI - National Cancer Institute ND - non-distended NDI - nephrogenic diabetes insipidus NE - norepinephrine NEC - necroting enterocolitis NGT - nasogastric tube NHL - non-Hodgkins lymphoma

NIDDM - non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NIF - negative inspiratory force NIH - National Institutes of Health NKDA - no known drug allergies NM - neuromuscular NMS - neuroleptic malignant syndrome NOS - not otherwise specified NPH - neutral protamine Hagedorn (regular insulin) NPO - nil per os (nothing by mouth) NPV - negative predictive value NS - normal saline NSAID - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSR - normal sinus rhythm NST - nonstress test NSVD - normal spontaneous vaginal delivery NT - non-tender NTD - neural tube defect NTD - nothing to do NTG - nitroglycerine N/V - nausea, vomiting NVD - normal vaginal delivery O OA - occiput anterior OAA - oxaloacetic acid OCD - obsessive compulsive disorder OCG - oral cholecystography OCP - oral contraceptive pills OCT - oxytocin challenge test ODD - oppositional defiant disorder OGTT - oral glucose tolerance test ON - optic neuritis OOB - out of bed OP - occiput posterior OPD - outpatient department OPV - oral polio vaccine ORIF - open reduction & internal fixation OS - overall survival OSA - obstructive sleep apnea OTC - over the counter P PA - posteroanterior PA - physician's assistant PA - pulmonary artery PA - patient PAC - premature atrial contraction PAH - p-aminohippuric acid PAP - pulmonary artery pressure

PAT - pulseless atrial tachycardia PBC - primary biliary cirrhosis PBP - penicillin binding protein PCA - patient controlled anesthesia PCA - posterior cerebral artery PCB - polychlorinated biphenyls PCN - penicillin PCO - polycystic ovaries PCOS - polycystic ovarian syndrome PCP - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia PCP - phencyclidine PCP - primary care physician PCR - polymerase chain reaction PCTA - percutaneous transluminal angioplasty PCWP - pulmonary capillary wedge pressure PD - peritoneal dialysis PD - Parkinson's Disease PDA - patent ductus arteriosus PDGF - platelet derived growth factor PE - pulmonary embolism PE - physical exam PEA - pulseless electrical activity PEF - peak expiratory flow PEEP - positive end expiratory pressure PEG - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy PEG - polyethylene glycol PERRLA - pupils equal in size, round and reactive to light and accomodation PES - pediactric emergency service PET - positron emission tomography PFT - pulmunary function test PG - prostaglandin PICC - peripherally inserted central catheter PID - pelvic inflammatory disease PICU - pediactric ICU PIF - prolactin inhibiting factor PIH - pregnancy induced hypertension PKD - polycystic kidney disease PKU - phenylketonuria Plt - platelet PMA - psychomotor agitation PMD - primary medical doctor PMH - past medical history PMI - point of maximal impulse PML - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PMP - post menopausal PMR - psychomotor retardation PMR - proportionate mortality rate PMS - premenstrual syndrome PND - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

PNET - primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNS - peripheral nervous system PNV - pre-natal vitamins PO - per os (by mouth) PO - parole officer POC - products of conception POD - post operative day POEM - patient oriented evidence that matters PPD - purified protein derivative (tuberculosis test) PPD - pack per day PPN - peripheral parenteral nutrition PPROM - preterm premature rupture of membrane PPV - positive pressure ventilation PPV - positive predictive value PR - per rectum PRBC - packed red blood cells PRN - as necessary PROM - prolonged rupture of membrane PSA - prostate serum antigen PSA - polysubstance abuse PSE - Present State Examination PSH - past surgical history PSS - progressive systemic sclerosis PSTT - placental site trophoblastic tumor PSUD - polysubstance use disorder PSVT - paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia PT - prothrombin time PT - physical therapy PT - patient PT - posterier tibialis PTA - prior to admission PTA - percutaneous transluminal angioplasty PTC - percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram PTCA - percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTFE - polytetrafluoroethylene PTH - parathyroid hormone PTL - preterm labor PTSD - post-traumatic stress disorder PTT - partial prothrombin time PTU - propylthiouracil PTX - pneumothorax PUBS - percutaneous umbilical blood sampling PUD - peptic ulcer disease PVC - premature ventral contraction PVR - pulmonary vascular resistance PVR - pulse volume recording PVS - persistent vegetative state PVT - pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Q qd - once a day qh - once every hour qhs - once every day at night qid - four times a day QNS - quantity not sufficient qod - every other day R RA - right atrium RA - rheumatoid arthritis RA - room air RAD - reactive airway disease RAIU - radioactive iodine uptake RAM - rapid alternating movements RBBB - right bundle branch block RBC - red blood cell RCA - right coronary artery RDI - recommended daily intake RDS - respiratory distress syndrome RDW - red blood cell distribution of width REE - resting energy expenditure REM - rapid eye movements RF - risk factor r/g/m - rubs, gallops, murmurs RHD - rheumatic heart disease RID - radial immunodiffusion RIH - right inguinal hernia RIMA - reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A RISS - regular insulin sliding scale RLL - right lower lobe RLQ - right lower quadrant RN - registered nurse ROA - right occiput anterior ROM - rupture of membrane ROP - right occiput posterior ROS - review of symptoms ROT - right occiput transverse RPF - renal plasma flow RPR - rapid plasma reagin (syphilis test) RR - respiratory rate RRP - relative refractory period RRR - regular rate and rhythm RSB - right sternal border RSO - right salpingo-oophrectomy RSV - respiratory syncytial virus RTA - renal tubular acidosis RTC - return to clinic RTF - residential treatment facility

RTS - revised trauma score RUL - right upper lobe RUQ - right upper quadrant RV - right ventricle RV - residual volume RVH - right ventricular hypertrophy Rx - treatment RXN - reaction S SA - sinoatrial SA - suicide attempt SAB - spontaneous abortion SAD - schizoaffective disorder SAD - seasonal affective disorder SAH - subarachnoid hemorrhage SAM - S-adenosylhomocysteine SBE - subacute bacterial endocarditis SBO - small bowel obstruction SBP - spontaneous bacterial peritonitis SBS - shaken baby syndrome SC - subcutaneous SCID - severe combined immunodeficiency disease SCT - Sentence Completion Test SD - standard deviation SDA - same day admission SEM - systolic ejection murmur SES - socio-economic status SFNA -stereotactic fine needle aspiration SGA - small for gestational age SGOT - serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase SI - suicidal ideations SIADH - syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone SICU - surgical ICU SIDS - sudden infant death syndrome SIL - squamous intraepithelial lesions SL - sublingual SLNTG - sublingual nitroglycerin SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus SMA6 - sequential multiple analyzer series 6 (electrolyte panel) SMA - superior mesenteric artery SMA - spinal muscle atrophy SMR - sexual maturity rating SMV - superior mesenteric vein SMX - sulfamethoxazole SNF - skilled nursing facility SOB - shortness of breath SP - suprapubic S/P - status post

SPA - sperm penetration assay SPECT - single photon emission computed tomography SPEP - serum protein electrophoresis SQ - subcutaneous SR - sustained release SROM - spontaneous rupture of membrane SS - social security SSE - sterile speculum examination SSE - subacute spongiform encephalopathy SSLF - sacral spinous ligament fixation SSPE - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis SSS - sick sinus syndrome SSS - scalded skin syndrome SST - somatostatin STD - sexually transmitted disease STSG - split thickness skin graft SUZI - subzonal insertion SV - stroke volume SVC - superior vena cava SVE - sterile vaginal examination SVR - systemic vascular resistance SVT - supraventricular tachycardia SW - social work SWL - shock wave lithotripsy Sx - symptom T TAH - total abdominal hysterectomy TAHBSO - total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TAPVR - total anomalous pulmonary venous return TAS - transabdominal sonography TAT - Thematic Aperception Test TB - tuberculosis TBI - traumatic brain injury TBG - thyroid binding globulin TBW - total body water T&C - type and cross (blood) TC - thought content TC - therapeutic community TCA - tricyclic antidepressant TCBS - thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose TCH - tetrahydrocannabinol TCP - transcutaneous pacing TD - tardive dyskinesia TD50 - toxic dose in 50% population TDF - testes-determining factor TEE - transesophageal echocardiogram TEM - transanal endoscopic microsurgery TFT - thyroid function test

TGA - transient global amnesia TGA - transposition of the great arteries TGV - transposition of the great vessels THC - transhepatic cholangiogram THC - tetrahydrocannabinol TI - therapeutic index TIA - transient ischemic attack TIBC - transferrin iron-binding capacity tid - three times a day TIG - tetanus immunoglobulin TIPS - transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt tiw - three times a week TLC - total lung capacity Tm - maximal temperature TM - tympanic membrane TME - total mesorectal excision TMP - trimethoprim TNF - tumor necrosis factor TNM - tumor, node, metastasis TOA - tubo-ovarian abcess TOC - tubo-ovarian complex TOL - trial of labor TOS - thoracic outlet syndrome TP - thought process tPA - tissue plasminogen activator TPN - total parenteral nutrition TPR - total peripheral resistance T&R - treated & released TRAM - transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (flap) TRH - thyrotropin releasing hormone T&S - type and screen (blood) TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone TSS - toxic shock syndrome TSST - toxic shock syndrome toxin TT - thrombin time TTE - transthoracic echocardiogram TTN - transient tachypnea of the newborn TTP - thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate TURBT - transurethral resection of bladder tumor TV - tidal volume TXA2 - thromboxane A2 U UA - urinalysis UC - ulcerative colitis UE - upper extremity UO - urine output UPJ - ureteral pelvic junction

URI - upper respiratory infection US - ultrasound USOH - usual state of health UTI - urinary tract infection UTO - unable to obtain V VA - ventriculoatrial VATS - video-assisted thoracoscopy VB - vaginal bleeding VBAC - vaginal birth after caesarean section VC - vital capacity VCUG - voiding cystourethrogram VDRL - Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (syphilis test) VF - ventricular fibrillation VH - vaginal hysterectomy VH - hallucination VIN - vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia VIP - vasoactive intestional peptide VIP - voluntary interruption of pregnancy VLDL - very low density lipoproteins VMA - vanillylmandelic acid VNS - visiting nurse service VPC - ventricular premature contraction VRS - volume reduction surgery VS - vital signs VSD - ventricular septal defect VSS - vital signs stable VT - ventricular tachycardia VZV - varicella zoster virus W WAIS-R - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised WAGR - Wilm's tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformation, mental retardation WAS - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome WB - whole blood WBC - white blood cell WCST - Wisconsin Card Sort Test WD - well developed W/D - withdrawal WF - white female WIC - walk in clinic WISC-R - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Revised WM - white male WN - well nourished WNL - within normal limits WPPSI - Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence WPW - Wolf-Parkinson-White w/r/r - wheezing, ronchi, rales

XYZ XRT -external radiation therapy XST - extra strength tylenol ZE - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome