Introduction

WrItIng a LooL Is an anLItIous Lut arduous tasL,

csoccIaIIy In tIc casc of tctLooLs. AItIougI nany
autIors nay not nccd any InstructIons on Iow to
go aLout organIzIng tIcIr LooL, nost ncw autIors
wcIconc suggcstIons In tIIs rcgard. It Is In tIc
Intcrcst of tIc ouLIIsIcrs as wcII as tIc autIors
tIat nanuscrIots or tyocscrIots Lc orcoarcd In
sucI a fasIIon tIat tIcy IcIo In soccdIng uo tIc
cdItorIaI and oroductIon oroccss. Towards tIIs
oLjcctIvc, wc now gIvc sonc guIdcIIncs for nanuscrIot
orcoaratIon. AdIcrcncc to tIcsc guIdcIIncs wIII go
a Iong way In orcoarIng a norc orcscntaLIc LooL.
1. PRESENTATION
PrcscntatIon, csoccIaIIy fron tIc IInguIstIc ooInt of
vIcw, Is an Inoortant asocct In a LooL. UnIILc
cIass or Iccturc notcs, In a LooL, Idcas sIouId Lc
oroocrIy conncctcd and tIcrc sIouId Lc IogIcaI
and soontancous fIow of Idcas.
PcrIaos, tIc sIngIc nost Inoortant asocct of a
LooL, oartIcuIarIy of a tct or rcfcrcncc LooL
ncant for studcnts, Is clarity of presentation.
Idcas nccd to Lc orcscntcd In a cIcar and concIsc
nanncr so tIat tIc avcragc studcnt undcrstands
tIc suLjcct wItIout nucI dIffIcuIty. Idcas sIouId
not Lc orcscntcd In an aLstract or anLIguous
nanncr or In a IIgI fIown Ianguagc.
Dcforc suLnIttIng a nanuscrIot, tIc autIor Ias
to taLc Into consIdcratIon tIc foIIowIng ooInts:
(a} It Is csscntIaI tIat tIc nanuscrIot Lc conoutcr
sct or tyocd (orcfcraLIy In 11 ooInt} onIy on
onc sIdc, wItI douLIc soacc or 1 soacc
and cnougI nargIns on LotI sIdcs.
(L} AII tIc oagcs, IncIudIng oagcs contaInIng
fIgurcs (If tIcy arc attacIcd} of tIc nanu-
scrIot sIouId Lc nunLcrcd.
(c} WIcn a Iard cooy Is suooIIcd, LotI tIc
Iard cooy and tIc soft cooy sIouId exactly
match.
(d} It Is crucIaI tIat tIc autIor checks the
manuscript thoroughly aftcr It Is tyocd (con-
outcr sct} fron varIous angIcs so tIat aII
crrorssocIIIng, grannatIcaI, styIIstIc and
tccInIcaI (csoccIaIIy unIfornIty of notatIons
for scIcntIfIc LooLs}arc cIInInatcd. Vcry
oftcn, Iots of crrors crcco In tIc nanuscrIot
as It Is not oroocrIy cIccLcd aftcr tyoIng.
(c} PIcasc usc DrItIsI socIIIngs consIstcntIy.
For canoIc, coIour, favour, odour. How-
cvcr, tIc socIIIng 'orogran` Is uscd for con-
outcr orogran.
(f} PIcasc cIccL tIc cquatIons In natIcnatI-
caI tcts and caIcuIatIons In accountIng
and fInancc LooLs. TIIs Is Inoortant. TIc
cdItor nay not Lc a suLjcct cocrt.
(g} CcrtaIn corcssIons nay sound IacLncycd,
awLward, or too connon oIacc. PIcasc
avoId tIcn In tIc tct. AIso avoId tIc rco-
ctItIon of tIc sanc word or oct oIrascs, cs-
occIaIIy on tIc sanc oagc, c.g. Hcncc",
TIcrcforc", TIus".
(I} For tct and drawIng of fIgurcs, oIcasc usc
tIc foIIowIng softwarcs:
Text: MS-Word1PagcMaLcr1LaTc
Figure: AutoCad1CorcIDraw
2. ABBREVIATIONS
(a} ALLrcvIatIons uscd In tIc nanuscrIot nust
conforn to IntcrnatIonaI standards.
For canoIc, tIc aLLrcvIatIons for SI unIts:
n (nctrc}, cn (ccntInctrc}, s (scconds}, LV
(LIIovoIt}, Lg (LIIogrannc}, oF (oIcofarad}, V
(voIts}, Hz (Icrtz}, J (jouIc}, A (anocrc}, N
(ncwton}.
(L} PcrIod Is not uscd wItI aLLrcvIatIons for
unIts. ALLrcvIatcd unIt sIouId aIso not Lc
wrIttcn In oIuraIs.
For canoIc:
Incorrect way:
5 cns., 10 Lgs., 10 Lns.
SInIIarIy for otIcr unIts.
Correct way:
cn (ccntInctrc}, Lg ( LIIogrannc},
Ln (LIIonctrc}
For oIuraIs: 5 cn, 10 Lg, 10 Ln
Note: TIc SI unIts IIst Is avaIIaLIc on tIc
Nct and In nany standard tccInIcaI LooLs.
: 1 :
Guidelines for Manuscript Preparation
: 2 :
3. HEADINGS
HcadIngs arc gIvcn for varIous scctIons In a LooL.
In tct and rcfcrcncc LooLs, oartIcuIarIy scIcntIfIc
and tccInIcaI, dIffcrcnt IcvcIs of IcadIngs arc
dIstInguIsIcd Ly nunLcrIng tIcn accordIng to
tIcIr Inoortancc. For canoIc:
Main Section Headings, aIso caIIcd A IcvcI,
A Gradc or FIrst Ordcr HcadIngs.
Numbering (accordIng to CIaotcr}: 1.1, 2.1, 3.1,
. 10.1, 10.2, . 15.1, 15.2, and so on for CIaotcrs
1, 2, 3, 10, and 15, rcsocctIvcIy.
Typography (PrcfcraLIc}AII caos LoId (If Icad-
Ings arc not too Iong}.
Subsection to Main Section, aIso caIIcd D
IcvcI, D gradc, or Sccond Ordcr HcadIngs.
Numbering: 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 2.1.1, 2.1.2,
2.1.3, . 10.1.1, 10.1.2, 10.1.3, . 15.1.1, 15.1.2,
15.1.3, and so on for CIaotcrs 1, 2, 10, and 15,
rcsocctIvcIy.
Typography: DoId uoocr1Iowcr, fIrst Icttcr of
cvcry word cao cccot orcoosItIons, conjunctIons
and artIcIcs.
Third level or C grade heading: TIougI sonc
autIors tcnd to nunLcr tIcsc IcadIngs, It Is
orcfcraLIc not to nunLcr tIcsc IcadIngs as
nunLcrIng naLcs tIcn IooL cunLcrsonc.
Typography: DoId uoocr Iowcr, onIy fIrst Icttcr
cao, aII otIcrs snaII. TIc tct nay Lc contInucd or
dIsoIaycd on a scoaratc IInc dcocndIng on tIc
Inoortancc of tIc IcadIngs.
Fourth level or D Grade heading (unnumbered):
PrcfcraLIy ordInary ItaIIc; uoocr1Iowcr fIrst Icttcr
of cvcry word cao.
Typography: Tct nay Lc contInucd wItI IcadIng.
If ncccssary, nunLcrs 1, 2., 3, ctc. nay Lc gIvcn.
Fifth level or E grade heading: OrdInary ItaIIcs,
uoocr1Iowcr, onIy tIc InItIaI Icttcr cao. Para
Indcnt; tct to contInuc wItI IcadIng. If ncccssary,
tIcsc nay Lc nunLcrcd (a}, (L}, (c}, or (I}, (II}, (III},
ctc.
Note: Sonc LooLs nay Iavc onIy two or tIrcc
IcvcIs of IcadIngs.
4. COPYRIGHT
Today, sIncc tccInoIogy naLcs downIoadIng of
InfornatIon fron tIc Intcrnct casy, tIcrc Is a
tcndcncy anong sonc autIors to rcoroducc natc-
rIaI, In sonc cascs ctcnsIvcIy, fron tIc Nct. Of
coursc, tIIs Is LcsIdcs tIc tradItIonaI rcoroductIon
donc fron tIc worLs (ouLIIsIcd or otIcrwIsc}
fron LooLs, journaIs, rcscarcI oaocrs, PID
tIcscs, and so on.
It nust Lc cIcarIy undcrstood tIat for any
natcrIaI tIat Is cooyrIgItcdtct, fIgurcs (dIa-
grans}, Inagcs, oIotograoIs, dcsIgns, taLIcs and
otIcr datacoIIcIt ocrnIssIon In wrItIng sIouId
Lc taLcn fron tIc cooyrIgIt IoIdcr. DcsIdcs,
acLnowIcdgcncnt sIouId aIso Lc donc In tIc tct
or dIagran or taLIc rcoroduccd nanIng tIc
sourcc.
You nay, Iowcvcr, adapt or modify ccrtaIn natc-
rIaIs IILc dIagrans, taLIcs and ccrtaIn InfornatIon
for acadcnIc ourooscs. Hcrc too, tIcrc sIouId Lc
oroocr acLnowIcdgcncnt statIng Adaotcd fron ."
AutIors nust ccrcIsc cautIon Icrc. Evcn If you
arc nodIfyIng, tIcrc sIouId Lc no ctcnsIvc Lor-
rowIng of Idcas or natcrIaIs fron otIcr sourccs
and tIcn outtIng tIcn Into your own words or
styIc. TIIs way your worL wIII lose originality or
even credibility.
A. Donts
1. Dont assume that if you credit the
author there is no copyright infringement:
A Iot of ocooIc wrongIy tIInL tIat If tIcy
crcdIt tIc autIor of a LooL, an artIcIc or
Inagc, tIcy arc not vIoIatIng tIc cooyrIgIt
Iaw. You can onIy usc cooyrIgItcd natcrIaI
If you Iavc explicit permission from the
author or the publisher, whoever holds
the copyright, to do so (or If you naLc faIr
usc of It}.
2. Dont copy material just because you are
not making commercial use of it: WIIIc
naLIng conncrcIaI usc of cooyrIgItcd
natcrIaI nIgIt naLc It casIcr to cIaIn
danagcs, tIc conncrcIaI usc per se Is not
a rcquIrcncnt for cooyrIgIt InfrIngcncnt.
Evcn If you arc not naLIng a conncrcIaI
usc of tIc natcrIaI, you arc stIII InfrIngIng
tIc Iaw If you do not Iavc ocrnIssIon fron
tIc cooyrIgIt IoIdcr.
3. Dont assume that if you remove the
copyrighted material you will be out of
trouble: A Iot of ocooIc cooy Inagcs and
tct fron tIc Intcrnct tIInLIng tIat In tIc
worst casc sccnarIo, tIcy wIII rcccIvc a no-
: 3 :
tIcc fron tIc autIor to rcnovc tIc natcrIaI
fron tIc LooL. TIc rcnovaI of tIc cooy-
rIgItcd natcrIaI wIII not rcnovc tIc cooy-
rIgIt InfrIngcncnt at aII. SIouId tIc autIor
dccIdc to taLc actIon agaInst you, you wIII
Lc In trouLIc aII tIc sanc.
4. Dont assume you can copy material if
you cant identify the copyright holder:
TIc fact tIat a cooyrIgIt IoIdcr cannot Lc
IdcntIfIcd docs not InoIy tIat tIc natcrIaI
can Lc frccIy cooIcd. SInIIarIy, If you Iocatc
tIc cooyrIgIt IoIdcr, cnaII IIn (or wrItc a
Icttcr} asLIng ocrnIssIon and rcccIvc no an-
swcr LacL you wouId stIII Lc InfrIngIng tIc
Iaw If you usc tIc natcrIaI. Not receiving a
reply does not imply that you can copy the
material.
5. PIcasc notc tIat an InfrIngncnt Is not con-
fIncd to IItcraI and cact rcoctItIon or rcoro-
ductIon; It IncIudcs aIso tIc varIous nodcs
In wIIcI tIc nattcr of any worL nay Lc
adaotcd, InItatcd, transfcrrcd or rcorduccd
wItI sonc (oftcn nInor} aItcratIons to dIs-
guIsc tIc rcoroductIon.
B. What Can be Reproduced
6. Do use material under public domain:
You arc frcc to usc any worL tIat Is In
ouLIIc donaIn. TIIs IncIudcs govcrnncnt
docuncnts, natcrIaIs oroduccd 60 ycars
aftcr tIc dcatI of tIc autIor, accordIng to
tIc IndIan CooyrIgIt Act, 1957 (ancndcd In
1999}. |70 ycars In tIc casc of USA and
otIcr wcstcrn countrIcs.|
7. Do quote something you find interesting:
UsIng sIort quotatIons for tIc ouroosc of
crItIcIsn or conncntary Is consIdcrcd faIr
usc". NotIcc tIat tIc quotc sIouId InvoIvc
onIy a snaII oortIon of tIc worL, and It
sIouId not rcoIIcatc tIc core of tIc natc-
rIaI. Fair use has its limitations under
the copyright law.
8. Do use facts and ideas: TIcrc can Lc no
cooyrIgIt In an Idca, suLjcct nattcr
tIcncs, oIots or IIstorIcaI or Icgcndary
facts and vIoIatIon of cooyrIgIt In sucI
cascs Is confIncd to tIc forn, nanncr and
arrangcncnt and corcssIon of tIc Idca
Ly tIc autIor of tIc cooyrIgItcd worL.
CooyrIgIt Law orotccts tIc corcssIon of
facts and Idcas, tIat Is, tIc forn, conLIna-
tIon and structurc of docuncnts and not
tIc facts tIcnscIvcs. You arc frcc to usc
facts and Idcas rcoortcd on artIcIcs or
wcLsItcs.
8. Do use other materials that are not
subject to copyright: You nay usc natcrIaIs,
IncIudIng nancs, fanIIIar synLoIs, IIstIngs
of IngrcdIcnts or contcnts, sIort oIrascs,
tItIcs, sIogans and oroccdurcs (notIcc tIat
sonc of tIosc natcrIaIs nIgIt Lc orotcctcd
Ly tradcnarL, tIougI}, Lut do not rcocat or
InItatc tIc naIn dcsIgn.
9. Do use a company name or logo if you
are talking about it: TradcnarL orotccts a
conoany fron ocooIc tryIng to usc Its nanc
or Iogo to dcccIvc custoncrs. If you arc crItI-
cIzIng or anaIyzIng a conoany, Iowcvcr,
you can usc Its nanc or Iogo undcr a faIr
usc" catcgory.
5. ILLUSTRATIONS
TctLooLs, nostIy tccInIcaI, arc IIIustratcd wItI
oIotograoIs, dIagrans, naos, fIowcIarts, draw-
Ings, cartoons, and so on. Any IIIustratIons suo-
oIIcd Ly tIc autIor, of coursc, sIouId Lc cIcar and
sIaro. PIotograoIs sIouId Lc vcry cIcar wItI
IIgI-contrast and sIouId not Lc cutouts fron
ncwsoaocrs, nagazIncs or LooLs.
Wc wouId aIso orcfcr tIat tIc dIagran Lc drawn
on tIc conoutcr usIng tIc foIIowIng softwarcs, If
oossILIc:
CorelDraw, Microsoft Word, AutoCAD.
If tIcsc softwarcs arc not avaIIaLIc, tIcn orovIdc
tIcn In tIc .cos, .wnf, .jog and .tIff fornat wItI
IIgIcr rcsoIutIon. AIso, oIcasc gIvc tIc Iard cooy
(orIntout}.
In casc tIc aLovc arc not oossILIc, tIcn LIndIy
gct tIc dIagrans drawn on transoarcnt oaocr
usIng IndIan InL.
FoIIowIng ooInts nay Lc Lcot In nInd wIIIc
drawIng dIagrans:
(a} Draw fIgurcs to sIzc.
(L} FIgurcs sIouId Lc nunLcrcd aftcr cIaotcrs
(FIg. 1.1, 1.2, ..., 2.1, 2.2, ..., 3.1, 3.2, ...} for
cIaotcrs 1, 2, 3, .
(c} AII fIgurcs rcquIrc scoaratc caotIons. If
tIcrc arc norc tIan onc conooncnt of
a fIgurc, I.c. (a}, (L}, (c}, and so on, suL-
caotIons nay Lc orovIdcd consIstcntIy.
: 4 :
(d} A connon caotIon nay Lc orovIdcd for
fIgurcs IavIng conooncnts LcsIdcs tIc
suLcaotIons.
(c} AII fIgurcs Iavc to Lc cited or referenced In
tIc tct.
(f} Curvcs and Locs sIouId Lc tIIcLcr and
snootI.
(g} Arrows sIouId Lc ccntrcd wItI Locs; arrow
Icads sIouId, as far as oossILIc, Lc of unI-
forn sIzc.
(I} NotatIon (synLoIs} In tIc fIgurcs sIouId
match wItI tIat In tIc tct.
(I} Usc of caoItaIs and snaII Icttcrs In IaLcIs
(not caotIons} sIouId Lc sanc for aII
fIgurcs. PrcfcraLIy, onIy tIc fIrst Icttcr of
tIc fIrst word sIouId Lc caoItaI. AII caoItaIs
sIouId Lc uscd onIy wIcrc aLsoIutcIy
csscntIaI.
(j} Conooncnts (a}, (L}, (c} can Lc drawn sIdc
Ly sIdc orovIdcd tIc wIdtI docs not ccccd
tIc IInIt, wItI 113 IncI, 112 IncI soacc
Lctwccn two conooncnts. WIcn tIcy arc
drawn onc LcIow tIc otIcr, tIcy sIouId Lc
ccntrcd to cacI otIcr.
(L} LcttcrIng sIouId Lc of rcasonaLIc sIzc
ncItIcr too LIg nor too snaII, orcfcraLIy
9 ot.
(I} WIcrc tIcrc Is a Iot of IaLcIIIng to Lc donc,
tIc fIgurc sIouId Lc drawn In sucI a way
tIat It docs not IooL too crowdcd or congcstcd.
(n} LaLcIs1Icttcrs sIouId not cut tIc IIncs or
curvcs.
(n} To rcducc tIc sIzc of tIc fIgurcs, sonc
of tIc dcscrIotIons In fIgurcs (If tIIs Is
oossILIc} nay Lc gIvcn In LracLcts aftcr tIc
fIgurc caotIon.
(o} It Is orcfcraLIc to attacI oIotocooy of
fIgurcs at aooroorIatc oIaccs In tIc nanuscrIot.
AII tIc orIgInaI fIgurcs nay Lc out togctIcr
and not aIong wItI tIc nanuscrIot.
If a fIgurc Is rcoroduccd fron anotIcr LooL1
journaI or any otIcr sourcc, ocrnIssIon sIouId Lc
oLtaIncd fron tIc cooyrIgIt IoIdcrs, and acLnowI-
cdgcd LcIow tIc fIgurc aftcr tIc caotIon. TIIs Is
aIso vaIId for tables /boxes/exhibits and case stud-
ies. On tIc otIcr Iand, If a fIgurc Is nodIfIcd, tIcn
you nay statc Adaotcd fron ." LcIow tIc fIgurc.
6. TABLES/EXHIBITS/BOXES
TaLIcs1EIILIts1Docs offcr a uscfuI ncans of
orcscntatIon of Iargc anount of dctaIIcd Inforna-
tIon In a conoaratIvcIy snaII soacc. TIcy aIso
Incrcasc tIc vIsILIIIty and rcadaLIIIty of data.
FoIIowIng ooInts nay Lc Lcot In nInd wIIIc orc-
oarIng taLIcs:
(a} Evcry taLIc1cIILIt or Lo, as tIc casc nay
Lc, sIouId Lc gIvcn a nunLcr and cItcd In
tIc tct Ly tIat nunLcr. TaLIcs sIouId
orcfcraLIy Lc nunLcrcd aftcr tIc cIaotcrs
(c.g. TaLIc 1.1, 1.2, ., 2.1, .}.
(L} VcrtIcaI ruIcs (cccot tIc outcr IIncs} for aII
coIunns arc nornaIIy unncccssary. So,
oIcasc avoId tIcn.
(c} AII tIc data1facts nust Lc uptodate and
correct.
(d} TaLIcs sIouId Lc sct oroocrIy, cIcarIy sIow-
Ing tIc cntrIcs In tIc rcIcvant coIunns.
WIcn a taLIc Is contInucd, tIc caotIon and
nunLcr sIouId Lc rcocatcd so tIat tIc
taLIc can Lc IdcntIfIcd.
7. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS/
REACTIONS/EXPRESSIONS
(a} MatIcnatIcaI cquatIons1rcIatIons1corcs-
sIons (or rcactIons In tIc casc of CIcnIstry
LooLs} Iavc to Lc cIccLcd vcry carcfuIIy for
tIcIr accuracy.
(L} EquatIon nunLcrs sIouId not Lc rcocatcd;
no cquatIon nunLcr sIouId Lc nIssIng.
(TIc sanc Is truc for fIgurc nunLcrs and
taLIc nunLcrs.}
(c} AII dIsoIaycd cquatIons nccd to Lc ccntrcd
or Indcntcd fron Icft. If norc tIan onc cquatIon
Is uscd In onc IInc, tIcy can Lc scoaratcd
Ly connas wItI sonc soacc In Lctwccn. It
Is not ncccssary to gIvc dIffcrcnt rcIatcd
cquatIons (csoccIaIIy wIcn tIcy arc snaII}
In dIffcrcnt IIncs. Two, tIrcc or cvcn four
cquatIons can Lc gIvcn In onc IInc (If soacc
ocrnIts}, scoaratIng tIcn wItI connas or
scnI-coIons. TIIs Is Lccausc norc nattcr
can Lc acconnodatcd In tIc orIntcd fornat.
(d} TIcrc arc scvcraI ways of nunLcrIng tIc
cquatIons. TIc sInoIcst and tIc nost IdcaI
systcn Is to nunLcr cquatIons aftcr cacI
cIaotcr, for canoIc, Eq. (1.1}, (1.2}, ..., (2.1},
(2.2}, ... . EquatIon nunLcrs In canoIcs
sIouId orcfcraLIy Lc nunLcrcd as (I}, (II},
(III}, . . .
(c} WIIIc rcfcrrIng to an carIIcr cquatIon, It
Ias to Lc cIccLcd to scc tIat tIc rcfcrcncc
Is to tIc corrcct cquatIon. It Is advIsaLIc not
: 5 :
to usc 'aLovc` cquatIon(s}, unIcss tIc rcfcr-
cncc Is vcry cIcar.
(f} AII anLIguous synLoIs IILc e1 (cosIIon or
LcIongs to}, n, v (nu or snaII v}, a//
(aIoIa, orooortIonaI to or InfInIty}, /
(c or nuItIsIgn}, 11I (onc or cII} and 01o1O
(zcro, snaII 'oI` or caoItaI OI"} Iavc to
Lc cIcarIy sIown so as not to crcatc any
confusIon.
(g} Soacc Ias to Lc gIvcn Lcforc unIt synLoIs
(c.g. 4 Lg, 3 cn, 1.5 nn, ctc.}. Soacc Ias
aIso to Lc gIvcn Lctwccn two dIffcrcnt unIts,
c.g. J s (jouIc-scconds}; ns (nctrc-scconds}
and, Lcforc and aftcr aII natIcnatIcaI
sIgns and synLoIs IILc , +, ! (factorIaI
sIgn}, <, > (c.g. F ma, 5 < 7, ctc.}.
(I} EooncntIaIs sIown as c wItI tIcIr oowcr
IavIng suLscrIots or suocrscrIots or wIcn
tIcy Iavc fractIon sIouId Lc cIangcd to
co forn wItI LracLcts. TIIs Is ncccssary
Lccausc suLscrIots and suocrscrIots arc
sct In a snaIIcr tyoc and tIus tIcIr rcad-
aLIIIty wIII Lc affcctcd If not cIangcd to
co" forn.
(I} In tIc runnIng tct (and not In dIsoIaycd
cquatIons}, cquatIons (undIsoIaycd} InvoIv-
Ing fractIons nay orcfcraLIy Lc cIangcd to
oLIIquc forn so tIat tIc IInc soacc Is not
dIsturLcd. For canoIc:

a b
c d
nay Lc cIangcd to
(a + b}1(c + d}
AIso, fractIons nccd not Lc uscd In suocr-
scrIots and suLscrIots, and tIcsc nay Lc
sIown In oLIIquc forn (LracLcts to Lc uscd
wIcrcvcr ncccssary}.
Howcvcr, corcssIons InvoIvIng IntcgraI
and sunnatIon sIgns wItI IInIts, sIouId Lc
dIsoIaycd. DcsIdcs, nunLcrcd and dIs-
oIaycd cquatIons nccd not Lc sIown In
oLIIquc forn cccot wIcn tIcrc Is a dIvIsIon
wItIIn tIc nuncrator or dcnonInator. AII
cquatIons tIat arc ratIcr conoIIcatcd and
InvoIvIng fractIons sIouId Lc dIsoIaycd,
cvcn If tIcy arc not nunLcrcd.
(j} TIcrc Is no nccd to sIow . . . or Lcforc
tIc cquatIon nunLcr.
Example: Incorrect way:
Y Ax
2
+ Bx + C . . . (1.1}
or Y Ax
2
+ Bx + C - - - (1.1}
Correct way:
Y Ax
2
+ Bx + C (1.1}
(L} AvoId unncccssary LracLcts:
Example: Incorrect way:

( )
( )
a b
c d
Correct way:

a b
c d
(I} Onc of tIc najor oroLIcns In natIcnatIcaI
tcts Is tIat tIc Introductory scntcncc or
oIrasc Lcforc an cquatIon(s} or oIrasc Is
anLIguous. For canoIc, nany autIors say
SuLstItutIng" or WrItIng" or IntcgratIng",
tIcn gIvc an cquatIon(s} wItIout cIarIfyIng
wIat Is LcIng suLstItutcd or wIcrc tIc suL-
stItutIon Is LcIng donc. SucI vaguc statc-
ncnts sIouId Lc avoIdcd.
(n} AII rcfcrcnccs to orcvIous cquatIons or
tcrns In tIcn sIouId Lc oroocrIy cIccLcd.
(n} DIstInguIsI Lctwccn IyoIcn (c.g. scIf-rcgu-
Iatcd systcn, two-oIasc trcatncnt}, snaII
dasI or cn-dasI (or cn-dasI} to corcss
rangc (c.g. 110, 1520}, nInus (20 10
10}, and fuII dasI (for oarcntIctIcaI statc-
ncnts}.
8. SYSTEM OF BRACKETS
(a} TIc orcfcrrcd ordcr for LracLcts Is as
foIIows: {|{( }| or |{|( }||.
(L} WIcn tIcrc Is onIy onc systcn of LracLcts,
tIc oractIcc Is to usc oarcntIcscs, I.c. ( }.
Howcvcr, for natrIccs, In sct tIcory, ctc. cvcn
tIc fIrst systcn of LracLcts nay Lc | | or { .
9. ITALICIZATION
AII varIaLIcs IavIng a vaIuc nccd to Lc italicized In
tIc dIsoIaycd cquatIons, tct and In tIc fIgurcs.
TIIs Is tIc IntcrnatIonaI convcntIon, and Is
foIIowcd In aII standard tctLooLs. ALLrcvIatIons
sucI as In (for Inout}, out (for outout} na, nIn,
Iog, In, cos, sIn, arc not ItaIIcIzcd. AIso, unIts, c.g.
Lg, cn, n (nctrc}, N (ncwton}, K, and not K (for
dcgrccs LcIvIn}, arc not ItaIIcIzcd LcsIdcs nunLcrs
1, 2, 3, ctc. MatIcnatIcaI softwarc IILc LaTc,
MatITyoc and EquatIon EdItor Iavc orovIsIons for
ItaIIcIzatIon. ItaIIcIzatIon can Lc donc Ly usIng tIc
oroocr connand.
: 6 :
AII GrccL Icttcrs, LotI snaII and caoItaI, sIouId
Lc ItaIIcIzcd.
Note: TIougI sonc ouLIIsIcrs do not ItaIIcIzc
GrccL Icttcrs, tIcrc Is no ratIonaIc for sucI
oractIcc.
10. USE OF BOLD LETTERS
AII vcctors (quantItIcs wIIcI Iavc LotI nagnItudc
and dIrcctIon} sIouId Lc out In LoId. TIIs Is tIc
IntcrnatIonaI convcntIon. In tIc oId systcn wIcrc
tyocwrItcrs wcrc uscd (or In tIc cIassroon wIcrc
tIc tcacIcr wrItcs on tIc LIacL Loard}, vcctors
wcrc sIown wItI arrows on too. TIc cdItor wouId
dcIctc tIcsc arrows and Instruct tIc orIntcr to out
sucI Icttcrs In LoId. Howcvcr, today, sIncc LoId
Icttcrs arc avaIIaLIc In conoutcrs, vcctor nota-
tIons arc gIvcn In LoId (and not wItI arrow}. AIso,
tIc nuItIoIIcatIon dots Lctwccn tIc two vcctors
sIouId Lc tIIcL, LoId and ccntrcd (unIILc dccInaI
dots}.
In non-natIcnatIcaI tcts, LoId Icttcrs arc oftcn
uscd to gIvc cnoIasIs.
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES
AII worLs (or autIors} wIIcI arc cItcd In tIc tct
arc caIIcd References. WIIIc rcfcrrIng to sucI
worLs, onIy tIc surnanc of tIc autIor and tIc
ycar of ouLIIcatIon nccd to Lc gIvcn In tIc tct, c.g.
SInIa (1998}. TIc dctaIIs of tIcsc worLs arc gIvcn
at tIc cnd of tIc cIaotcr or at tIc cnd of tIc LooL
accordIng to alphabetical order. In advanccd tcts,
scqucntIaI nunLcrIng 1, 2, 3 nay Lc gIvcn agaInst
tIc worL rcfcrrcd to. Rcfcrcnccs sIouId orcfcraLIy
Lc gIvcn at tIc cnd of cacI cIaotcr, ratIcr tIan
at tIc cnd of tIc LooL. TIc dctaIIs of tIcsc worLs
arc gIvcn at tIc cnd of cIaotcr or cnd of tIc LooL
accordIng to tIc numbers in sequence.
Any addItIonaI worL wIIcI Is not cItcd In tIc
tct nay Lc gIvcn undcr Suggcstcd FurtIcr Rcad-
Ing or AddItIonaI RcadIng at tIc cnd of cacI cIao-
tcr or undcr DILIIograoIy at tIc cnd of tIc LooL.
TIc DILIIograoIy1Rcfcrcnccs rcquIrc tIc foIIow-
Ing dctaIIs for a LooL:
1. Nanc of tIc autIor(s}, wItI surnanc fIrst
2. TItIc of tIc LooL
3. VoIunc1Part No. (If tIcsc cIst}
4. EdItIon (Sccond cdItIon onwards}
5. PuLIIsIcr`s nanc
6. PIacc of ouLIIcatIon (cIty}, and not country;
statc or country to Lc addcd wIcrc tIc cIty
Is not wcII Lnown, c.g. St. PauI (MInncsota},
RoItaL (Haryana}.
7. Ycar.
Examples:
(a} Rajaranan, V., Fundamentals of Com-
puters, 4tI cd., PHI LcarnIng, Ncw
DcIII, 2004.
(L} Dccr, F.P. and JoInston, R., Mechan-
ics of Materials, 3rd cd., McGraw-HIII,
Ncw YorL, 2002.
TIc foIIowIng dctaIIs arc nccdcd for journaIs:
Nanc of tIc autIor(s}, wItI surnanc fIrst
1. Nanc of tIc artIcIc
2. Nanc of tIc journaI (italics)
3. VoIunc No. (bold}
4. Issuc no. (If nccdcd}
5. IncIusIvc oagc Nos.
6. Ycar.
Example:
Parnas, D., On tIc crItcrIa to Lc uscd In
dcconoosIng systcns Into noduIcs", Commu-
nication of the ACM, 15, 2, or (VoI. 15, No. 2}
105358, 1972. Any LooL of IntcrnatIonaI
standard can Lc consuItcd for tIc dctaIIs
rcquIrcd and styIc of Rcfcrcnccs1DILIIograoIy.
Edited books
1. Nanc of tIc contrILutor
2. CIaotcr tItIc (onIy tIc InItIaI Icttcr cao}
3. Nanc of tIc EdItor(s}.
4. Nanc of tIc cdItcd LooL aftcr InscrtIng tIc
word In"
5. RcnaInIng dctaIIs as gIvcn for LooLs.
Note:
(a} WIIIc cItIng rcfcrcnccs, tIc autIor sIouId
cnsurc tIat tIc nanc and ycar gIvcn In tIc
tct and at tIc cnd of tIc cIaotcr (or at tIc
cnd of tIc LooL} properly match.
(L} TIcrc arc nuncrous styIcs of cItIng
Rcfcrcnccs. Any styIc tIat Is foIIowcd
sIouId Lc standard and tIc styIc sIouId Lc
consistent.
Proceedings/Seminars/Reports/Ph.D. Theses
AII dctaIIs sIouId Lc gIvcn accordIng to tIc Intcr-
natIonaI convcntIon. PIcasc consuIt any standard
LooL.
12. AUTHOR-GENERATED CRC
Cancra Rcady Cooy (CRC} Is LcconIng Incrcas-
IngIy attractIvc to a gcncratIon of tccInIcaIIy IItcr-
: 7 :
atc autIors wIo want to Iavc conoIctc controI
ovcr tIcIr natcrIaI. TIIs rcquIrcs Iot of worL
on tIc oart of tIc autIor as tIc CRC suLnIttcd Ias
to Lc crror frcc and sIouId Lc In tIc LooL fornat.
FoIIowIng ooInts IcIo an autIor orcoarc a CRC:
(a} TIc autIor sIouId asL for tIc guIdcIIncs
and soccIfIcatIons fron tIc ouLIIsIcrs for
orcoarIng tIc CRC. TIc guIdcIIncs nay
contaIn tIc sIzc of tIc LooL, tIc orInt arca,
foIIo or runnIng Icad on too of cvcry oagc
(rccto and vcrso}, fonts for IaLcIs and tct,
tyoc faccs uscd for IcadIngs, caoItaIIzatIon,
oIacIng of fIgurcs and taLIcs, scttIng of
natIcnatIcaI cquatIons, soacIng, ctc.
(L} An autIor-gcncratcd CRC orcsuncs tIat It
Is conoIctcIy error-free and tIc autIor Ias
cIccLcd tIc scrIot tIorougIIy and It Is
rcady for orIntIng. For tIIs, tIc autIor
sIouId suLnIt a draft CRC to tIc ouLIIsI-
crs wIo wIII suggcst tIc ncccssary cIangcs
In tyoograoIy, soacIng, ctc.
(c} WIIIc tIc CRC wIII InvoIvc cnornous
anount of worL on tIc oart of tIc autIor,
suLstantIaI anount of tInc can Lc savcd
(as tIc ouLIIsIcr nccd not cdIt tIc nanu-
scrIot or do tIc oroof rcadIng} and tIc
autIor wIII Iavc tIc satIsfactIon tIat Ic
Ias out aII Inouts Into tIc LooL cccot for
tIc orIntIng asocct.
(d} TIc fInaI CRC Is to Lc suLnIttcd togctIcr
wItI Its cIcctronIc forn to tIc ouLIIsIcrs.
13. SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Many tctLooLs owc nucI of tIcIr succcss to
SoIutIons ManuaI (SM} or Instructor`s ManuaI
wIIcI arc ncant for tIc tcacIcrs. Many InstItu-
tIons arc wIIIIng to adoot LooLs onIy If tIc LooL
Ias a good SoIutIons ManuaI.
In tIc casc of LooLs on tccInIcaI suLjccts sucI
as natIcnatIcs, cngInccrIng, oIysIcs, cIcnIstry
and conoutcr scIcncc, It Is advIsaLIc tIat tIc
autIors suooIy answcrs to ccrcIsc oroLIcns and
dctaIIcd stcos, for soIvIng tIcn. TIcsc dctaIIcd
answcrs and stcos arc suooIIcd as a SoIutIons or
Instructors ManuaI.
FoIIowIng ooInts nay Lc notcd Ly autIors wIIIc
orcoarIng tIc SoIutIons ManuaI.
(a} TIc SoIutIons ManuaI sIouId orcfcraLIy Lc
suLnIttcd to tIc ouLIIsIcrs at tIc tInc of
suLnIttIng tIc nanuscrIot. It IcIos actuaI
cost cstInatIon of tIc nanuscrIot. AIso,
ouLIIsIcrs IILc to oroducc LotI of tIcn
sInuItancousIy fron narLctIng and orono-
tIon ooInts of vIcw.
(L} SIncc tIc SoIutIons ManuaI Is dIstrILutcd
frccIy to tIc conccrncd facuIty for orono-
tIonaI ouroosc, It Is not orIccd. TIcrcforc,
royaIty for tIc SoIutIons ManuaI cannot Lc
cIaIncd Ly tIc autIor.
(c} SIncc tIc SoIutIons ManuaI Is not orIccd, It
nay Lc dIffIcuIt for tIc ouLIIsIcrs to tyocsct
(csoccIaIIy If It Is soncwIat IcngtIy} on tIc
conoutcr. It wouId Lc orcfcraLIc If tIc au-
tIor suLnIts tIc conoutcrIscd Instructor`s
ManuaI. In casc tIIs Is not oossILIc, tIc
autIor nay suLnIt a IandwrIttcn (TIc
IandwrItIng nccd to Lc IcgILIc and cIcarIy
rcadaLIc.}
(d} TIc autIor nay aIso suLnIt a CD or
fIoooy contaInIng tIc SM. TIIs CD can Lc
rcoIIcatcd and dIstrILutcd to tIc facuIty.
Other Instructional Aids
Many tctLooLs rcquIrc studcnt and tcacIcr aIds,
sucI as transoarcncIcs, CDs, OucstIon DanL,
Idcas for tcacIIng tIc coursc, and so on. TIc cdI-
tor wIII Lc gIad to Icar aLout sucI InstructIonaI
aIds. TIc autIor sIouId oIan for tIcsc aIds as
carIy as oossILIc and Inforn tIc cdItor.
14. FRONT AND BACK MATTER
A LooL Is usuaIIy dIvIdcd Into tIrcc oarts: front
nattcr (or orcIInInarIcs}, naIn tct (or cIaotcrs
and aoocndIccs}, and LacL nattcr wItI DILIIogra-
oIy, GIossary and tIc Indc. TIc front nattcr
contaIns sonc or aII of tIc foIIowIng Itcns:
TItIc oagc
CooyrIgIt oagc
DcdIcatIon
TaLIc of contcnts
LIst of IIIustratIons (If any}
LIst of taLIcs1cIILIts (If any}
Forcword
Prcfacc
AcLnowIcdgcncnts (If not oart of tIc
Prcfacc}.
IntroductIon (If any}
NotatIon or IIst of aLLrcvIatIons.
TIc LacL nattcr contaIns tIc foIIowIng Itcns:
GIossary
DILIIograoIy
: 8 :
Indc(cs} (orcoarcd at a Iatcr stagc}.
AutIor Indc (wIcn nany autIors arc
cItcd In tIc LooL}1Nanc Indc (nancs of
organIzatIons}
SuLjcct Indc
Cover Design
TIc autIor nay suggcst a suItaLIc covcr dcsIgn
of tIc LooL; tIc ouLIIsIcr wIII worL on tIIs and
fInaIIzc tIc covcr dcsIgn. TIc ouLIIsIcr nay
aIso IndcocndcntIy naLc tIc covcr dcsIgn. TIc
uItInatc dccIsIon aLout tIc covcr dcsIgn IIcs wItI
tIc ouLIIsIcr.
Send All Materials Together
TIc autIor sIouId scnd aII tIc Itcns IncIudIng
Forcword, Prcfacc and AcLnowIcdgcncnts, DcdIca-
tIon, GIossary, DILIIograoIy to tIc ouLIIsIcr aIong
wItI tIc naIn tct. TIIs naLcs tIc cdItorIaI and
oroductIon oroccsscs nucI casIcr.
Back Cover Matter
TIc DacL Covcr nattcr contaIns dctaIIcd dcscrIo-
tIon of tIc LooL and tIc autIor(s}. TIIs sIouId
IncIudc a wrItc-uo aLout tIc LooL In aLout 350-
400 words (If not aIrcady gIvcn In tIc MarLctIng
OucstIonnaIrc scnt Ly tIc ouLIIsIcr}, IIgIIIgItIng
tIc dIstInguIsIIng fcaturcs and targct audIcncc of
tIc LooL.
TIc wrItc-uo about the author sIouId contaIn
tIc Iatcst InfornatIon aLout tIc autIor. WIat
aoocars uItInatcIy on tIc LacL covcr Is tIc
rcsoonsILIIIty of tIc ouLIIsIcr; tIc natcrIaI scnt
Ly tIc autIor Is ncant onIy as a LasIs for tIc fInaI
vcrsIon.
15. PROOFS FOR APPROVAL
PuLIIsIcrs nornaIIy scnd two scts of oroofs to tIc
autIor: onc for naLIng corrcctIons and tIc otIcr
for orcoarIng tIc Indc.
Uoon rcccIvIng tIc oroofs, sonc autIors suddcnIy
dccIdc to suLstantIaIIy rcvIsc tIc LooL. As far as
oossILIc, tIc oagInatIon sIouId not Lc dIsturLcd
wItI ctcnsIvc addItIons, dcIctIons or corrcctIons.
In casc tIcrc arc suLstantIaI addItIons, wIIcI tIc
autIor tIInLs arc aLsoIutcIy csscntIaI, tIcn tIcsc
sIouId Lc conoutcr sct and tIc orIntout or tIc
soft cooy scnt to tIc ouLIIsIcr aIong wItI tIc
oroofs, cIcarIy soccIfyIng wIcrc aII tIc addItIons
arc to Lc donc. PIcasc rcncnLcr suLstantIaI addI-
tIons or ovcrIauIIng of tIc LooL at tIc oroof stagc
InvoIvcs LotI addItIonaI cocndIturc and tInc of
tIc ouLIIsIcr. So LIndIy do only the absolutely es-
sential additions and corrections.
Long conncnts or rcnarLs or cvcn corrcctIons
sIouId not Lc gIvcn In tIc nargIns of tIc oroofs.
TIcy couId confusc tIc oocrator. Any sucI nattcr
nay Lc attacIcd scoaratcIy. Of coursc, If tIcrc
arc crrors of fact or datcd natcrIaIs, corrcctIons
nust Lc nadc. Dut tIIs Is not tIc tInc to worry
aLout tIc fIncr ooInts of wrItIngooIIsIIng your
wrItIng at tIIs stagc can cost tIc ouLIIsIcrs
noncy, and wIII undouLtcdIy dcIay ouLIIcatIon of
tIc LooL.
Hcavy rcscttIng In oagc oroof aIso Icads to
tIc rIsL of IntroducIng ncw tyoograoIIcaI
crrors, or rcquIrIng uncocctcd aItcratIon In oagc
naLc-uo.
16. INDEX
Rcadcrs oftcn judgc a LooL Ly Its Indc1DILIIo-
graoIy, ctc. An Indc sIouId dIrcct tIc rcadcr
quIcLIy to tIc Itcn, Ic1sIc Is IooLIng for. If tIc
rcadcr fInds It dIffIcuIt to Iocatc tIc Itcn, Ic1sIc
nay forn a ncgatIvc ooInIon aLout tIc LooL.
TIc naIn ouroosc of tIc Indc Is to naLc a LooL
norc uscfuI. It Ias to Lc orcoarcd wIcn tIc oroofs
arc scnt to tIc autIor. TIc autIor Is tIc Lcst
ocrson to orcoarc tIc Indc as Ic1sIc Lnows
wIat tcrns1cntrIcs arc to Lc IncIudcd In tIc Indc
and wIIcI aII oagc nunLcrs arc to Lc gIvcn wIcn
tIc tcrn occurs In scvcraI oagcs.
An Indc sIouId contaIn aII tIc Inoortant and
onIy sucI tcrns, words, or tooIcs, wIIcI arc
rcIcvant to tIc suLjcct. AII tIc cntrIcs1suLcntrIcs
sIouId Lc cIuLLcd undcr oroocr suLjcct. RcIatcd
cntrIcs Iavc to Lc LrougIt undcr tIc naIn cntry.
TIc suL-cntrIcs nccd oroocr conncctIvcs sucI as
'In`, 'for`, 'to`, 'wItI`, 'Lctwccn`, 'on`, as tIc casc nay
Lc, so tIat tIcy can Lc rcad wItI tIc naIn cntry.
TIc suL-cntrIcs can Lc Indcntcd wItI rcsocct to
tIc naIn cntry and gIvcn In Iowcr casc Icttcrs.
SuL-cntrIcs wIIcI can stand on tIcIr own (tIosc
wIIcI can Lc rcad wItIout conncctIvcs} nccd not
Iavc conncctIvcs.
DotI tIc cntrIcs and tIc suL-cntrIcs sIouId
Lc alphabetically arranged. Pagc nunLcrs of tIc
cntrIcs (oroof oagc nos.} Iavc to Lc cIccLcd for
tIcIr accuracy.
AutIors nay consuIt standard tcts on rcIatcd
suLjcct(s} to orcoarc tIc Indc.
SanoIc Indc oagcs can Lc suooIIcd on atuIor`s
rcqucst.
: 9 :
17. NEW EDITIONS
SIncc nucI of tIc natcrIaI gIvcn In tIc fIrst cdI-
tIon Lcconcs datcd wItIIn a couoIc of ycars or ncw
advanccs Iavc taLcn oIacc, It Is ncccssary to
LrIng out a ncw cdItIon for Lcttcr undcrstandIng.
A fcw ooInts nay Lc notcd In tIIs rcgard:
1. If tIc ncw cdItIon Is conoIctcIy rcvIscd,
tIcn tIc wIoIc LooL sIouId Lc conoutcr-
sct and a soft cooy and Iard cooy of tIc
LooL (wIIcI sIouId natcI cactIy} sIouId
Lc scnt to tIc ouLIIsIcr.
2. If onIy sonc nInor corrcctIons arc to Lc
donc, tIcn tIcsc nay Lc donc cIcarIy In tIc
LooL ItscIf and tIc corrcctcd cooy scnt to
tIc ouLIIsIcr.
3. If suLstantIaI rcvIsIons arc LcIng donc,
tIcn tIc ouLIIsIcr can suooIy a orIntout of
tIc LooL (fron tIc conoutcr} and scnd It
to tIc autIor for naLIng tIc rcquIrcd
cIangcs. WIIIc snaII corrcctIons or Inscr-
tIons can Lc donc In tIc Iard cooy, for any
suLstantIaI addItIons, tIc autIor sIouId
suooIy a scoaratc soft cooy as wcII as tIc
Iard cooy and gIvc InstructIons as to wIcrc
cactIy tIc addItIons arc to Lc donc, I.c. tIc
oagc No., oaragraoI, scctIon or IInc.
4. A ncw Prcfacc sIouId Lc gIvcn for tIc ncw
cdItIon wIIcI wIII orcccdc tIc orcvIous
cdItIon`s Prcfacc.
5. TIc autIor sIouId gIvc a wrItc-uo, IIgI-
IIgItIng tIc cIangcs nadc In tIc ncw cdI-
tIon as wcII as uotodatc InfornatIon on tIc
autIor.
Note:
(a} If tIc autIor`s affIIIatIon or dcsIgnatIon Is
cIangcd wIcn a ncw cdItIon Is LrougIt out,
tIIs InfornatIon sIouId Lc LrougIt to tIc
notIcc of tIc ouLIIsIcr. TIIs aIso IoIds If
tIc autIor`s addrcss, tcIcoIonc and cnaII
Id arc cIangcd.
(L} AIso, sucI InfornatIon sIouId Lc gIvcn as
soon as tIc autIor`s dcsIgnatIon Is
cIangcd or Ic Ias joIncd a ncw InstItutIon
Lccausc tIc affIIIatIon or dcsIgnatIon
cIangc can Lc donc aIso In tIc nct rcorInt
of tIc LooL.
(c} New edition or reprint will be released
only after copies of the previous edition
or previous print are exhausted.
18. WEBSITE MATERIAL
Nowadays studcnts IooL at tIc wcLsItc of tIc
ouLIIsIcr for any addItIonaI natcrIaI to tIc LooL.
SuooIcncntary natcrIaIs IILc OucstIon DanL,
Answcrs to OucstIons, nInI cascs, PPTs (If tIcy
arc not too nany} and rcIatcd nattcr couId Lc
gIvcn on tIc wcLsItc of tIc ouLIIsIcr. TIIs wIII
dcfInItcIy add vaIuc to tIc LooL.
MANAGEMENT BOOKS (including books on
Communication)Brief Guidelines
TIc nunLcr of LusIncss or D-scIooIs Ias In-
crcascd consIdcraLIy In tIc country. TIIs Ias
Icd to a oroIIfcratIon of LooLs on nanagcncnt.
WIIIc nany of tIc InstructIons gIvcn aLovc arc
aooIIcaLIc to nanagcncnt LooLs, tIcrc arc ccrtaIn
ooInts tIat nccd to Lc taLcn carc of In tIc casc of
nanagcncnt LooLs. TIcsc arc now LrIcfIy
coIaIncd.
Onc of tIc nost Inoortant asoccts of a nanagc-
ncnt LooL Is good orcscntatIon. LInguIstIc orcscn-
tatIon, tIc najor tIrust of wIIcI Is clarity, sIouId
Lc gIvcn oronIncncc as tIcrc Is a Iot of dcscrIotIvc
natcrIaI In tIc tct. WIIIc tIc autIor nccd not usc
IIgI fIown or IItcrary EngIIsI, standard EngIIsI
sIouId Lc uscd, wIIcI Is cIaractcrIzcd Ly sInoIc
and cIcgant styIc (Of coursc, asoccts IILc socIIIng,
grannar, IncIudIng tcnsc and voIcc, sIouId Lc
taLcn carc of.}
(a) Organization and Contents
Managcncnt LooLs sIouId orcfcraLIy Lc organIzcd
In tIc foIIowIng nanncr.
Learning Objectives in the beginning of
chapter. TIcsc sIouId contaIn tIc najor
oLjcctIvcs of tIc LooLs (not too nany} gIvcn
In LuIIct ooInts, onc LcIow tIc otIcr so tIat
tIc studcnts Lnow wIat Is tIc ouroosc or
oLjcctIvc of tIc cIaotcr.
Chapter outlines or main section headings
of tIc cIaotcr wIIcI wIII acquaInt tIc
studcnts wItI tIc cIaotcr contcnts.
Headings: In nanagcncnt LooLs, It Is
not ncccssary to nunLcr tIc dIffcrcnt
IcvcIs of IcadIngs. TIcsc nay Lc dIstIn-
guIsIcd Ly dIffcrcnt tyoograoIy, aII caos
LoId, uoocr Iowcr LoId, LoId ItaIIcs, and ordI-
nary ItaIIcs, ctc.
: 10 :
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Phones: 43031100, 22143344 Fax: 091-11-43031144
E-Mail: phi@phindia.com Website: www.phindia.com
Exhibits/Tables: To IIIustratc tIc con-
ccots dIscusscd, nanagcncnt LooLs
sIouId Iavc cnougI taLIcs and cIILIts.
TIIs sIouId Lc nunLcrcd scqucntIaIIy
accordIng to tIc cIaotcr, c.g. TaLIc 1.1,
1.2, . 3.1, 3.2., 10.1, 10.2, .and so on
(for CIaotcrs 1, 3, 10, .}. SInIIarIy for
cIILIts.
Figures/Photographs: Managcncnt LooLs
sIouId aIso contaIn Iot of fIgurcs1oIotos,
oIcturcs, ctc. TIcsc sIouId Iavc suffIcIcnt
cIarIty so tIat wIIIc rcoroducIng tIcIr
quaIIty wIII Lc good.
Examples: AII nanagcncnt LooLs sIouId
Iavc oIcnty of canoIcs to IIIustratc tIc
tooIcs dIscusscd. TIcsc agaIn sIouId Lc
nunLcrcd cIaotcrwIsc and In scqucncc.
Case Studies: Managcncnt LooLs, unIcss
tIcy arc vcry tIcorctIcaI (c.g. MarLctIng
RcscarcI, OrganIzatIonaI TIcory}, IncIudc
nany casc studIcs so tIat tIc LooL
Lcconcs oractIcaI and 'IIvc` to studcnts.
TIcrc can Lc CIaotcr OocnIng and
CIaotcr EndIng Casc StudIcs, In-Lctwccn
Casc StudIcs, and so on. OuItc oftcn, tIc
utIIIty of a LooL Is judgcd Ly tIc nunLcr of
good Casc StudIcs gIvcn In tIc LooL.
Student Resources: PowcrPoInt Prcscnta-
tIons (PPTs}, OucstIon DanL, and otIcr
studcnt rcsourccs can Lc gIvcn cItIcr In a
CD forn (wIIcI wIII Lc attacIcd to tIc
LooL} or as wcLsItc natcrIaI.
Uptodate Data: WIctIcr In canoIcs, casc
studIcs or wItIIn tIc tct, aII tIc data gIvcn
sIouId Lc uotodatc and corrcct. If you gIvc
10 or 15 ycars oId data (cccot for sonc
cIassIc casc}, LotI tIc facuIty and tIc stu-
dcnts wIII tIInL tIat tIc autIor Is out of
sync wItI tIc orcscnt-day rcaIIty.
(b) Solutions Manual
FacuIty ncnLcrs of nany D-scIooIs asL for tIc
SoIutIons ManuaI or Instructor`s ManuaI. TIIs Is
ncccssary sIncc quItc oftcn tIc facuIty arc orcoc-
cuoIcd wItI Iot of worL and SoIutIons ManuaI wIII
grcatIy aId tIcn In tcacIIng tIc suLjcct. AIso, It
wIII facIIItatc tIcn In gcttIng tIc LooL adopted In
tIcIr InstItutIons.