Our Technology

Across the globe, developments in information, communication and network technologies have created paradigm shifts in the securities market operations. Technology has enabled organisations to build new sources of competitive advantage, bring about innovations in products and services, and to provide for new business opportunities. Stock exchanges all over the world have realised the potential of IT and have moved over to electronic trading systems, which are cheaper, have wider reach and provide a better mechanism for trade and post trade execution.

NSE believes that technology will continue to provide the necessary impetus for the organisation to retain its competitive edge and ensure timeliness and satisfaction in customer service. In recognition of the fact that technology will continue to redefine the shape of the securities industry, NSE stresses on innovation and sustained investment in technology to remain ahead of competition. NSE's IT set-up is the largest by any company in India. It uses satellite communication technology to energise participation from around 200 cities spread all over the country. In the recent past, capacity enhancement measures were taken up in regard to the trading systems so as to effectively meet the requirements of increased users and associated trading loads. With upgradation of trading hardware, NSE today can handle up to 15 million trades per day in Capital Market segment. In order to capitalise on in-house expertise in technology, NSE set up a separate company, NSE Infotech Services Ltd. which provides a platform for taking up all IT related assignments of NSE.

NEAT is a state-of-the-art client server based application. At the server end, all trading information is stored in an in-memory database to achieve minimum response time and maximum system availability for users. The trading server software runs on OpenVOS based fault tolerant STRATUS main frame computer hosted on the Intel Platform while the client software runs on Microsoft Windows Platform. Between the NEAT client and server there is another layer called the Trading Access Point (TAP). TAP facilitates IT Infrastructure consolidation and routes the orders and trades between Client and Server in an optimized protocol.

Each trading member trades on the NSE with other members through a PC located in the trading member's office. The trading members on the various market segments such as CM, F&O, WDM, Currency Derivatives, SLBM, MF and IPO are

linked to the central computer at the NSE through dedicated leased lines and VSAT terminals. The telecommunications network is the backbone of the automated trading system has been upgraded to use the more popular and modern IP Protocol which was using X.25 protocol earlier. NSE is one of the largest interactive VSAT based stock exchanges in the world. Today it supports more than 2500 VSATs and 3000 leased lines across the country. The NSE- network is the largest private wide area network in the country and the first extended C- Band VSAT network in the world. Currently more than 10000 users are trading on the real time-online NSE application.

The Exchange uses powerful UNIX servers, procured from HP for the back office processing. The latest software platforms like ORACLE RDBMS, SQL/ORACLE FORMS Front - Ends, etc. have been used for the Exchange applications. The Exchange currently manages its data centre operations, system and database administration, design and development of in-house systems and design and implementation of telecommunication solutions. There are over 500 server class computer systems which include non-stop fault-tolerant Stratus servers and high end UNIX servers, operational under one roof to support the NSE applications. This coupled with the nationwide VSAT network makes NSE the country's largest Information Technology user.

In an ongoing effort to improve NSE's infrastructure, a corporate network has been implemented, connecting all the offices at Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta and Chennai. This corporate network enables speedy inter-office communications and data and voice connectivity between offices.

NSE has its online presence at www.nseindia.com. The website displays its live stock quotes which are updated online and corporate announcements. The website has been designed to cater to the needs of Investors, Members, Issuers and other market participants.

NSE today allows members to provide internet trading facility to their clients through the use of NOW (NSE on web), a shared web infrastructure.

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National Stock Exchange of India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (January 2011) National Stock Exchange

National Stock Exchange Location of National Stock Exchange in India Type Stock Exchange Location Mumbai, India

Coordinates 19337N 725135E Founded 1992

OwnerNational Stock Exchange of India Limited Key people Ravi Narain (MD) Currency Indian rupee () 1,552

No. of listings MarketCap Indexes

US$1.59 trillion (Dec 2010)[1] S&P CNX Nifty

CNX Nifty Junior S&P CNX 500 Website www.nse-india.com

NSE building at BKC, Mumbai

The National Stock Exchange (NSE) (Hindi: Rashtriya hare Bzar) is a stock exchange located at Mumbai, India. It is the 9th largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization and largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading.[2] NSE has a market capitalization of around US$1.59 trillion and over 1,552 listings as of December 2010.[3] Though a number of other exchanges exist, NSE and the Bombay Stock Exchange are the two most significant stock exchanges in India, and between them are responsible for the vast majority of share transactions. The NSE's key index is the S&P CNX Nifty, known as the NSE NIFTY (National Stock Exchange Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalisation.

NSE is mutually-owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate entities.[4] There are at least 2 foreign investors NYSE Euronext and Goldman Sachs who have taken a stake in the NSE.[5] As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, cover more than 1500 cities across India.[6] NSE is the third largest Stock Exchange in the world in terms of the number of trades in equities.[7] It is the second fastest growing stock exchange in the world with a recorded growth of 16.6%.[8]Contents [hide] 1 Origins 2 Innovations 3 Markets 4 Hours 5 Milestones 6 Indices 7 Exchange Traded Funds on NSE 8 Certifications 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

[edit] Origins

The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading Financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994. The Capital market (Equities) segment of the NSE commenced operations in November 1994, while operations in the Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000. [edit] Innovations

NSE pioneering efforts include: Being the first national, anonymous, electronic limit order book (LOB) exchange to trade securities in India. Since the success of the NSE, existent market and new market structures have followed the "NSE" model. Setting up the first clearing corporation "National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd." in India. NSCCL was a landmark in providing innovation on all spot equity market (and later, derivatives market) trades in India. Co-promoting and setting up of National Securities Depository Limited, first depository in India [9] Setting up of S&P CNX Nifty. NSE pioneered commencement of Internet Trading in February 2000, which led to the wide popularization of the NSE in the broker community. Being the first exchange that, in 1996, proposed exchange traded derivatives, particularly on an equity index, in India. After four years of policy and regulatory debate and formulation, the NSE was permitted to start trading equity derivatives Being the first and the only exchange to trade GOLD ETFs (exchange traded funds) in India. NSE has also launched the NSE-CNBC-TV18 media centre in association with CNBCTV18.

NSE.IT Limited, setup in 1999 , is a 100% subsidiary of the National Stock Exchange of India. A Vertical Specialist Enterprise, NSE.IT offers end-to-end Information Technology (IT) products, solutions and services. NSE (National Stock Exchange) was the first exchange in the world to use satellite communication technology for trading, using a client server based system called National Exchange for Automated Trading (NEAT). For all trades entered into NEAT system, there is uniform response time of less than one second. [edit] Markets

Currently, NSE has the following major segments of the capital market: Equity Futures and Options Retail Debt Market Wholesale Debt Market Currency futures MUTUAL FUND STOCKS LENDING & BORROWING

August 2008 Currency derivatives were introduced in India with the launch of Currency Futures in USD INR by NSE. Currently it has also launched currency futures in EURO, POUND & YEN. Interest Rate Futures was introduced for the first time in India by NSE on 31 August 2009, exactly after one year of the launch of Currency Futures.

NSE became the first stock exchange to get approval for Interest rate futures as recommended by SEBI-RBI committee, on 31 August 2009, a futures contract based on 7% 10 Year GOI bond (NOTIONAL) was launched with quarterly maturities. [10] [edit] Hours

NSE's normal trading sessions are conducted from 9:15 am India Time to 3:30 pm India Time on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and Official Holidays declared by the Exchange (or by the Government of India) in advance.[11] The exchange, in association with BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd.), is thinking of revising its timings from 9.00 am India Time to 5.00 pm India Time.

There were System Testing going on and opinions, suggestions or feedback on the New Proposed Timings are being invited from the brokers across India. And finally on 18 November 2009 regulator decided to drop their ambitious goal of longest Asia Trading Hours due to strong opposition from its members.

On 16 December 2009, NSE announced that it would advance the market opening to 9:00 am from 18 December 2009. So NSE trading hours will be from 9.00 am till 3:30 pm India Time.

However, on 17 December 2009, after strong protests from brokers, the Exchange decided to postpone the change in trading hours till 4 Jan 2010.

NSE new market timing from 4 Jan 2010 is 9:00 am till 3:30 pm India Time. [edit] Milestones November 1992 Incorporation April 1993 Recognition as a stock exchange May 1993 Formulation of business plan June 1994 Wholesale Debt Market segment goes live November 1994 Capital Market (Equities) segment goes live March 1995 Establishment of Investor Grievance Cell April 1995 Establishment of NSCCL, the first Clearing Corporation June 1995 Introduction of centralised insurance cover for all trading members July 1995 Establishment of Investor Protection Fund

October 1995 Became largest stock exchange in the country April 1996 Commencement of clearing and settlement by NSCCL April 1996 Launch of S&P CNX Nifty June 1996 Establishment of Settlement Guarantee Fund November 1996 Setting up of National Securities Depository Limited, first depository in India, co-promoted by NSE November 1996 Best IT Usage award by Computer Society of India December 1996 Commencement of trading/settlement in dematerialised securities December 1996 Dataquest award for Top IT User December 1996 Launch of CNX Nifty Junior February 1997 Regional clearing facility goes live November 1997 Best IT Usage award by Computer Society of India May 1998 Promotion of joint venture, India Index Services & Products Limited (IISL) May 1998 Launch of NSE's Web-site: www.nse.co.in July 1998 Launch of NSE's Certification Programme in Financial Market August 1998 CYBER CORPORATE OF THE YEAR 1998 award February 1999 Launch of Automated Lending and Borrowing Mechanism April 1999 CHIP Web Award by CHIP magazine October 1999 Setting up of NSE.IT January 2000 Launch of NSE Research Initiative February 2000 Commencement of Internet Trading June 2000 Commencement of Derivatives Trading (Index Futures) September 2000 Launch of 'Zero Coupon Yield Curve' November 2000 Launch of Broker Plaza by Dotex International, a joint venture between NSE.IT Ltd. and i-flex Solutions Ltd. December 2000 Commencement of WAP trading June 2001 Commencement of trading in Index Options

July 2001 Commencement of trading in Options on Individual Securities November 2001 Commencement of trading in Futures on Individual Securities December 2001 Launch of NSE VaR for Government Securities January 2002 Launch of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) May 2002 NSE wins the Wharton-Infosys Business Transformation Award in the Organization-wide Transformation category October 2002 Launch of NSE Government Securities Index January 2003 Commencement of trading in Retail Debt Market June 2003 Launch of Interest Rate Futures August 2003 Launch of Futures & options in CNXIT Index June 2004 Launch of STP Interoperability August 2004 Launch of NSEs electronic interface for listed companies March 2005 India Innovation Award by EMPI Business School, New Delhi June 2005 Launch of Futures & options in BANK Nifty Index December 2006 'Derivative Exchange of the Year', by Asia Risk magazine January 2007 Launch of NSE CNBC TV 18 media centre March 2007 NSE, CRISIL announce launch of IndiaBondWatch.com June 2007 NSE launches derivatives on Nifty Junior & CNX 100 October 2007 NSE launches derivatives on Nifty Midcap 50 January 2008 Introduction of Mini Nifty derivative contracts on 1 January 2008 March 2008 Introduction of long term option contracts on S&P CNX Nifty Index April 2008 Launch of India VIX April 2008 Launch of Securities Lending & Borrowing Scheme August 2008 Launch of Currency Derivatives August 2009 Launch of Interest Rate Futures November 2009 Launch of Mutual Fund Service System December 2009 Commencement of settlement of corporate bonds

February 2010 Launch of Currency Futures on additional currency pairs October 2010 Launch of 15-minute special pre-open trading session, a mechanism under which investors can bid for stocks before the market opens. [12] [edit] Indices

Graph of S&P CNX Nifty from January 1997 to March 2011

NSE also set up as index services firm known as India Index Services & Products Limited (IISL) and has launched several stock indices, including:[13] S&P CNX Nifty(Standard & Poor's CRISIL NSE Index) CNX Nifty Junior CNX 100 (= S&P CNX Nifty + CNX Nifty Junior) S&P CNX 500 (= CNX 100 + 400 major players across 72 industries) CNX Midcap (introduced on 18 July 2005 replacing CNX Midcap 200) [edit] Exchange Traded Funds on NSE

NSE has a number of exchange traded funds. These are typically index funds and GOLD ETFs. Some of the popular ETF's available for trading on NSE are: NIFTYBEES - ETF based on NIFTY index Nifty BEES Live quote GoldBees - ETF based on Gold prices. Tracks the price of Gold. Each unit is equivalent to 1 gm of gold and bears the price of 1gm of gold. BankBees - ETF that tracks the CNX Bank Index. [edit] Certifications

NSE also conducts online examination and awards certification, under its programmes of NSE's Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM)[1]. Currently, certifications are available in 19 modules, cover NSE Libraries

In addition to the significant built-in capabilities of Lua, we have written or integrated many extension libraries which make script writing more powerful and convenient. These libraries (sometimes called modules) are compiled if necessary and installed along with Nmap. They have their own directory, nselib, which is installed in the configured Nmap data directory. Scripts need only require the default libraries in order to use them. List of All Libraries

This list is just an overview to give an idea of what libraries are available. Developers will want to consult the complete documentation at http://nmap.org/nsedoc/. afp

This library was written by Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net> to facilitate communication with the Apple AFP Service. It is not feature complete and still missing several functions. asn1

ASN.1 functions. base64

Base64 encoding and decoding. Follows RFC 4648. bin

Pack and unpack binary data. bit

Bitwise operations on integers. brute

The brute library is an attempt to create a common framework for performing password guessing against remote services. citrixxml

This module was written by Patrik Karlsson and facilitates communication with the Citrix XML Service. It is not feature complete and is missing several functions and parameters. comm

Common communication functions for network discovery tasks like banner grabbing and data exchange. creds

The credential class stores found credentials in the Nmap registry cvs

A minimal CVS pserver protocol implementation support authentication only for the time being. datafiles

Read and parse some of Nmap's data files: nmap-protocols, nmap-rpc, nmapservices, and nmap-mac-prefixes. dhcp

Implement a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client.

dns

Simple DNS library supporting packet creation, encoding, decoding, and querying. dnssd

Library for supporting DNS Service Discovery drda

DRDA Library supporting a very limited subset of operations. ftp

FTP functions. giop

GIOP Library supporting a very limited subset of operations http

Implements the HTTP client protocol in a standard form that Nmap scripts can take advantage of. imap

A library implementing a minor subset of the IMAP protocol, currently the CAPABILITY, LOGIN and AUTHENTICATE functions. The library was initially written by Brandon Enright and later extended and converted to OO-form by Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net>

informix

Informix Library supporting a very limited subset of Informix operations ipOps

Utility functions for manipulating and comparing IP addresses. iscsi

An iSCSI library implementing written by Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net> The library currently supports target discovery and login. json

Library methods for handling JSON data. It handles JSON encoding and decoding according to RFC 4627. ldap

Library methods for handling LDAP. listop

Functional-style list operations. match

Buffered network I/O helper functions. mongodb

Library methods for handling MongoDB, creating and parsing packets. msrpc

By making heavy use of the smb library, this library will call various MSRPC functions. The functions used here can be accessed over TCP ports 445 and 139, with an established session. A NULL session (the default) will work for some functions and operating systems (or configurations), but not for others. msrpcperformance

This module is designed to parse the PERF_DATA_BLOCK structure, which is stored in the registry under HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA. By querying this structure, you can get a whole lot of information about what's going on. msrpctypes

This module was written to marshall parameters for Microsoft RPC (MSRPC) calls. The values passed in and out are based on structs defined by the protocol, and documented by Samba developers. For detailed breakdowns of the types, take a look at Samba 4.0's .idl files. mssql

MSSQL Library supporting a very limited subset of operations. mysql

Simple MySQL Library supporting a very limited subset of operations. ncp

A tiny implementation of the Netware Core Protocol (NCP). While NCP was originally a Netware only protocol it's now present on both Linux and Windows platforms running Novell eDirectory. netbios

Creates and parses NetBIOS traffic. The primary use for this is to send NetBIOS name requests. nmap

Interface with Nmap internals. nrpc

A minimalistic library to support Domino RPC nsedebug

Debugging functions for Nmap scripts. omp2

This library was written to ease interaction with OpenVAS Manager servers using OMP (OpenVAS Management Protocol) version 2. openssl

OpenSSL bindings. packet

Facilities for manipulating raw packets. pcre

Perl Compatible Regular Expressions. pgsql

PostgreSQL library supporting both version 2 and version 3 of the protocol. The library currently contains the bare minimum to perform authentication. Authentication is supported with or without SSL enabled and using the plain-text or MD5 authentication mechanisms. pop3

POP3 functions. proxy

Functions for proxy testing. rmi

Library method for communicating over RMI (JRMP + java serialization) rpc

RPC Library supporting a very limited subset of operations. sasl

Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL). shortport

Functions for building short portrules. sip

A SIP library supporting a limited subset of SIP commands and methods smb

Implements functionality related to Server Message Block (SMB, an extension of CIFS) traffic, which is a Windows protocol. smbauth

This module takes care of the authentication used in SMB (LM, NTLM, LMv2, NTLMv2). smtp

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) operations. snmp

SNMP functions. srvloc

A relatively small implementation of the Service Location Protocol. It was initially designed to support requests for discovering Novell NCP servers, but should work for any other service as well. ssh1

Functions for the SSH-1 protocol. This module also contains functions for formatting key fingerprints. ssh2

Functions for the SSH-2 protocol. stdnse

Standard Nmap Scripting Engine functions. This module contains various handy functions that are too small to justify modules of their own. strbuf

String buffer facilities. strict

Strict declared global library. Checks for undeclared global variables during runtime execution. tab

Arrange output into tables. target

Utility functions to add new discovered targets to Nmap scan queue. tftp

Library implementing a minimal TFTP server tns

TNS Library supporting a very limited subset of Oracle operations unpwdb

Username/password database library. upnp

A UPNP library based on code from upnp-info initially written by Thomas Buchanan. The code was factored out from upnp-info and partly re-written by Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net> in order to support multicast requests. url

URI parsing, composition, and relative URL resolution. vnc

The VNC library provides some basic functionality needed in order to communicate with VNC servers, and derivates such as Tight- or Ultra- VNC. wsdd

A library that enables scripts to send Web Service Dynamic Discovery probes and perform some very basic decoding of responses. The library is in no way a full WSDD implementation it's rather the result of some packet captures and some creative coding. Hacking NSE Libraries

A common mistake when editing libraries is to accidentally use a global variable instead of a local one. Different libraries using the same global variable can be the cause of mysterious bugs. Lua's scope assignment is global by default, so this mistake is easy to make.

To help correct this problem, NSE uses a library adapted from the standard Lua distribution called strict.lua. The library will raise a runtime error on any access or modification of a global variable which was undeclared in the file scope. A global variable is considered declared if the library makes an assignment to the global name (even nil) in the file scope. Adding C Modules to Nselib

A few of the modules included in nselib are written in C or C++ rather than Lua. Two examples are bit and pcre. We recommend that modules be written in Lua if possible, but C and C++ may be more appropriate if performance is critical or (as with the pcre and openssl modules) you are linking to an existing C library. This section describes how to write your own compiled extensions to nselib.

The Lua C API is described at length in Programming in Lua, Second Edition, so this is a short summary. C modules consist of functions that follow the protocol of the lua_CFunction type. The functions are registered with Lua and assembled into a library by calling the luaL_register function. A special initialization function provides

the interface between the module and the rest of the NSE code. By convention the initialization function is named in the form luaopen_<module>.

The smallest compiled module that comes with NSE is bit, and one of the most straightforward is openssl. These modules serve as good examples for a beginning module writer. The source code for bit is found in nse_bit.cc and nse_bit.h, while the openssl source is in nse_openssl.cc and nse_openssl.h. Most of the other compiled modules follow this nse_<module name>.cc naming convention.

Reviewing the openssl module shows that one of the functions in nse_openssl.cc is l_md5, which calculates an MD5 digest. Its function prototype is: static int l_md5(lua_State *L);

The prototype shows that l_md5 matches the lua_CFunction type. The function is static because it does not have to be visible to other compiled code. Only an address is required to register it with Lua. Later in the file, l_md5 is entered into an array of type luaL_reg and associated with the name md5: static const struct luaL_reg openssllib[] = { { "md5", l_md5 }, { NULL, NULL } };

This function will now be known as md5 to NSE. Next the library is registered with a call to luaL_register inside the initialization function luaopen_openssl, as shown next. Some lines relating to the registration of OpenSSL BIGNUM types have been omitted: LUALIB_API int luaopen_openssl(lua_State *L) { luaL_register(L, OPENSSLLIBNAME, openssllib); return 1; }

The function luaopen_openssl is the only function in the file that is exposed in nse_openssl.h. OPENSSLLIBNAME is simply the string "openssl".

After a compiled module is written, it must be added to NSE by including it in the list of standard libraries in nse_main.cc. Then the module's source file names must be added to Makefile.in in the appropriate places. For both these tasks you can simply follow the example of the other C modules. For the Windows build, the new source files must be added to the mswin32/nmap.vcproj project file using MS Visual Studio (see the section called Compile from Source Code). NSE Scripts