Santalum album is a small tropical tree of the Santalaceae family, the most commonly known source of sandalwood.

This species has been utilised, cultivated and traded for many years, some cultures placing great significance on its fragrant and medicinal qualities. Sometimes sandalwood often called like sandalwood.

Sandalwood comes from the term in the language sanscrit latin language called Santalum album L. including the family Santalaceae. Actually there are two types of sandalwood or red sandalwood Pterocarpus santalinus and white or sandalwood Santalum album L. Red sandalwood, less fragrant and not good quality because it is less important for trade. Cendana live in this type of Funan and India. Meanwhile, white sandalwood have high quality because aromanya and contain a fragrant oil. White sandalwood growing area in the islands of East Nusa Tenggara islands of Flores, Sumba, Solor, Adonara, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor, Timor, Rote and Sabu. In the past two important islands of sandalwood island is the island of Timor and Sumba. Because as a major sandalwood in the past, the island Sumba Island is called Sandelwood or sandalwood island. But unfortunately sandalwood is increasingly rare because of human ulah such as theft of sandalwood and regulations that are less partisan people.

Sandalwood that grows wherever the land is growing in the country and in the community property must be by the people. If sandalwood akan mati fined. However, the results of sandalwood most of the incoming cash to the government.

Cendana biological characteristics

Sandalwood classified Santalaceae family, Ordo Lorantha. Sandalwood is a plant parasite and a half to obtain food through the wet nurse of the tree root that is connected through haustori. Elements of the substance taken from the only wet nurse tree elements N, P and amino element. Through this haustori food absorbed through

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RE ION NAME: Candana (Minangkabau) Tindana, Sindana ( ayak); Candana (Sunda); Candana, Candani (Java); Candhana, Candhana lakek (Madura); Candana (BeIitung); Ai Nitu; Fund (Sumbawa); Wood Or ( FIores); Sundana (Sangir); Sondana (North Sulawesi); Ayu luhi ( orontalo); Candana (Makasar); nituk Ai (Bread); Hau meni, Ai kamelin (Timor); Kamenir (Wetar); Maoni (Kisar) NAME FOREI N: Santali Lignum; Kayu Cendana. Santali Oleum; Minyak

Cendana. Santali Oleum; Sandalwood Oil.

Ta onomy of Santalum album

Scientific classification Kingdom ivision Class Order Family enus Species : Plantae : Magnoliophyta : Magnoliopsida : Santalales : Santalaceae : Santalum : Santalum album

Nomenclature
Sandalwood The nomenclature for other 'sandalwoods' and the ta onomy of the genus are derived from this species historical and widespread use. Many languages contain a word that describes this specific plant. S. album is included in the family Santalaceae, which is placed in the order Santalales, and is commonly known as White or East Indian Sandalwood. It is the type species of the genus Santalum, nominated by Linnaeus in the first botanical description; this was published in Species Plantarum in 7 with

the note "Habitat in India". The species name, Santalum ovatum, used by Robert Brown in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae ( 8 ) was described as a synonym of this species by Ale heartwood. The species was the first to be known as Sandalwood, although it is often appended with a description of a region. Other species in the genus Santalum, such as the Australian S. spicatum, are distinguished by a regional name. eorge in 984. The epithet album refers to the 'white' of the

Habitat
S. album occurs in coastal dry forests at sealevel and dunes or cliff tops up to 7 m.

It normally grows in sandy or stony red soils, but a wide range of soil types are inhabited. This habitat has a temperature range from between and mm. to 8C and annual rainfall

Uses

Young sapling of cendana S. album has been the primary source of sandalwood and the derived oil. These often hold an important place within the societies of its naturalised distribution range. The high value of the plant has led to attempts at cultivation, this has increased the distribution range of the plant. The ISO Standard for the accepted characteristics of this essential oil is ISO 8: . The long maturation period and difficulty in

cultivation have been restrictive to e tensive planting within the range. Harvest of the tree involves several curing and processing stages, also adding to the commercial value. These wood and oil have high demand and are an important trade item in the regions of: Australia Utilisation of all the Australian Santalum species in has been e tensive; Santalum spicatum was e tensively harvested and e ported from Western Australia during colonisation, this was used as a less e pensive alternative to this species. Commercial Indian Sandalwood plantations are now in full operations in Kununurra, Western Australia. Hawaii A primary e port in Hawaiian societies. India The use of S. album in India is noted in their literature for over two thousand years. It has use as wood and oil in religious practices. It also features as a construction material in temples and elsewhere. The Indian government has banned the e port of the species to reduce the threat by over-harvesting. In the southern Indian state of Karnataka, all trees of greater than a specified girth are the property of the state. Cutting of trees, even on private property, is regulated by the Forest epartment. The infamous forest bandit eerappan

was involved in the illegal felling of sandalwood trees from forests. South Pacific Societies throughout the south pacific has made use of 'sandalwood'. Sri Lanka An e tensive history of use. The harvesting of sandalwood is preferred to be of trees that are advanced in age. Saleable wood can, however, be of trees as young as seven years. The entire plant is removed rather than cut to the base, as in coppiced species. The e tensive removal of S. album over the past century led to increased vulnerability to e tinction. Utili ation: PURPOSE

Wood:
y y y y

Antiseptic urine channel. Dysentery. Diarrhea. Enteritis.

Leaf:
y

Asthma.

Bark / roots Skin:

y

Menstruation is not regular.

Ingredients and dosage Dysentery Ingredients:

y y y y

Sandalwood bark

gram grams gram grams

Leaves Patikan China Gambier is few Water ml

Ways of making: Made infus.

How to use: drink times a day, morning and afternoon, every time I drank Duration of treatment: repeated for 4 days. Enteritis Ingredients:
y y

ml.

Wood Sandalwood (powder) Boiling water ml

tea spoon

Ways of making: stir with hot water How to use: drink times a day, morning and afternoon, every time I drank Duration of treatment: repeated for 4 days. Asthma Ingredients:
y y

ml.

Wood Sandalwood (powder) Tanjung young leaves

scientific some blade

Ways of making: young leaves Tanjung cutted then dried. Once added a little dry powder Sandalwood, and cigarettes are made. How to use: suck like cigarettes.

Composition of Santalum album

Wood: Oil atsiri, Hars, and samak substances. Oil: Santalol (seskuiterpenalkohol), santalen (seskuiterpena), santen, santenon, santalal, santalon, and isovalerilaldehida

Classification:
Based on the usage of wood Cendana divided into four quality classes as follows:
y y

First Quality with the quality of P Quality Second quality with D

Quality Third with quality Q

Quality of the Fourth with a quality M

Term Raw Material Cendana wood should be taken from the Sandalwood tree is already cooked tebang marked with: . Gubal Thickness of less than . cm, can be seen with the tree before ditebang drilling . cm deep. drill is used drill riap. . Cendana Diameter timber at least ground. cm at a height of cm above the