(Mensy) P 1 of 8 Hints from Exam Cram NCLEX-PN

Question Sodium: Potassium: Calcium: Chloride: Magnesium: Phosphorus: RBC: WBC: Platelet.: Hgb: HC03: C02: Pa02: Sa02: Glucose: Specific gravity: BUN: Serum creatinine: LDH: CPK: Uric acid:

Answer 135-145 mEq/L 3.5-5.5 mEq/L 8.5-10.9 mg/L 95-105 mEq/L 1.5-2.5 mEq/L 2.5-4.5 mg/dL 4.5-5.0 million 5,000-10,000 200,000-400,000 12-16 gms women; 14-18 gms men 24-26 mEq/L 35-45 mEq/L 80%-100% > 95% 70-110 mg/dL 1.010-1.030 7-22 mg/dL 0.6-1.35 mg/dL (< 2 in older adults) 100-190 U/L 21-232 U/L 3.5-7.5 mg/dL

(Mensy) P 2 of 8 Triglyceride: Total cholesterol: Bilirubin: Protein: Albumin: Digoxin: Lithium: Dilantin: Theophylline: Heart rate: Respiratory rate: Blood pressure: Temperature: FHR: FHR Variability: Contractions: normal frequency Contractions normal duration Contractions intensity Amniotic fluid: APGAR meaning APGAR scoring done at APGAR scoring: AVA: 40-50 mg/dL 130-200 mg/dL < 1.0 mg/dL 6.2-8.1 g/dL 3.4-5.0 g/dL 0.5-2.0 ng/ml 0.8-1.5 mEq/L 10-20 mcg/dL 10-20 mcg/dL 80-100 12-20 110-120 (systolic); 60-90 (diastolic) 98.6 120-160 BPM 6-10 BPM. 2-5 minutes apart < 90 sec. < 100 mm/hg. 500-1200 ml (nitrozine urine-litmus paper green/amniotic fluidlitmus paper blue). A = appearanceP = pulses, G = grimace, A = activity, R = reflexes 1 and 5 minutes 0 for absent, 1 for decreased, and 2 for strongly positive The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein (Arteries carry

(Mensy) P 3 of 8 deoxygenated blood. The vein carries oxygenated blood.) B stands for brain (decreases the incidence of neural tube defects); the client should begin taking B9 three months prior to becoming pregnant.

FAB 9 Folic acid = B9

Decelerations are _______________findings on the abnormal fetal monitoring strip. Decelerations are classified as Earky, Variable and Late Begin prior to the peak of the contraction and end by the end of the contraction. They are caused by head compression. There is no need for intervention if the variability is within normal range (that is, there is a rapid return to the baseline fetal hear Are noted as V-shaped on the monitoring strip. Variable decelerations can occur anytime during monitoring of the fetus. They are caused by cord compression. The intervention is to change the mother's position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; ap Occur after the peak of the contraction and mirror the contraction in length and intensity. These are caused by uteroplacentalinsuffiency. The intervention is to change the mother's position; if pitocin is infusing, stop the infusion; apply oxygen;, and A combination of diseases including toxoplasmosis, rubella (German measles), cytomegalovirus, herpes, and syphyllia. Pregnant nurses should not be assigned to care for the client with toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus. 1. Stop pitocin if infusing. 2. Turn the client on the left side. 3. Administer oxygen. 4. If hypovolemia is present, push IV fluids. 10-12 sec. (control). vitamin K. 30-45 sec. (control). protamine sulfate. 1 1/2-2 times the control.

Early decelerations

Variable decelerations

Late decelerations

TORCHS syndrome in the neonate

STOP-This is the treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia: Coumadin (sodium warfarin) PT: The antidote for Coumadin is Heparin/Lovenox/Dalteparin PTT: The antidote for Heparin is Therapeutic level: It is important to maintain a bleeding time that is slightly prolonged so that

(Mensy) P 4 of 8 clotting will not occur; therefore, the bleeding time with mediication should be: The control (for anticoagulants) is Rule of nines for calculating TBSA for burns the premedication bleeding time. Head = 9% ; Arms = 18% (9% each) ; Back = 18% ; Legs = 36% (18% each) ; Genitalia = 1% Females avoid eye contact with males; touch is accepted if done by same-sex healthcare providers; most decisions are made by males; Muslims (Sunni) refuse organ donation; most Arabs do not eat pork; they avoid icy drinks when sick or hot/cold drinks toget They avoid direct eye contact; feet are considered dirty (the feet should be touched last during assessment); males make most of the decisions; they usually refuse organ donation; they generally do not prefer cold drinks, believe in the "hot-cold" theory They sustain eye contact; blood and organ donation is generally refused; they might refuse circumcision; may prefer care from the tribal shaman rather than using western medicine. They might avoid direct eye contact with authorities; they might refuse organ donation; most are very emotional during bereavement; believe in the "hot-cold" theory of illness. No blood products should be used No beef or items containing gelatin Special dietary restrictions, use of kosher foods High calorie, high carbohydrate, low protein, low potassium, low sodium, and fluid restricted to intake = output + 500 ml Low purine; omit poultry ("cold chicken") medication for acute episodes: Colchicine; maintenance medication: Zyloprim Low fat (less than 30% of calories should be from fat) in respiratory acid/base disorders the pH is opposite to the other components. For example, in respiratory acidosis, the pH is below normal and the C02 is elevated, as is the HC03 (respiratory opposite). In metabolic disorders, the components

Arab American cultural attributes

Asian American cultural attributes

Native American cultural attributes

Mexican American cultural attributes

Jehovah's Witness Hindu Jewish Renal diet

Gout diet Heart healthy diet

ROME (respiratory opposite/metabolic equal) is a quick way of remembering that:

(Mensy) P 5 of 8 of the lab pH down, C02 up, and HC03 up: pH down, C02 down, and HC03 down: pH up, C02 down, and HC03 down: pH up, C02 up, and HC03 up : Addison's and Cushing's are diseases of the __________________ system involving either overproduction or inadequate production of cortisol. Treatment for the client with Addison's: Treatment for the client with Cushing's: Treatment for spider bites/bleeding Treatment for sickle cell crises respiratory acidosis metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis

endocrine

increase sodium intake; medications include cortisone preparations. restrict sodium; observe for signs of infection. RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevate extremity) HHOP (heat, hydration, oxygen, pain medications)

Five Ps of fractures and compartment syndrome These are symptoms of fractures and compartment Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Polar (cold) syndrome: Hip fractures commonly: Femur fractures are at risk for: Profile of gallbladder disease Delegate sterile skills such as dressing changes to the: hemorrhage fat emboli Fair, fat, forty, five pregnancies, flatulent (actually gallbladder disease can occur in all ages and both sexes) RN or LPN.

Where nonskilled care is required, you can delegate nursing assistant. the stable client to the: Choose the most critical client to assign to the______such as the client who has recently returned from chest surgery.

RN

(Mensy) P 6 of 8 Clients who are being discharged should have final assessments done by the: The PN, like the RN, can monitor clients with For room assignments, do not coassign the postoperative client with clients who have: Remember the ___________________ when answering questions choices that ask who would you see first. For hospital triage, care for the client with a ________________ or__________________ first. For disaster triage, choose to triage first those clients who can: The ___ and the __________ institute seclusion protection. The ____ or the _________ nurse can pronounces client dead. RN IV therapy, insert urinary catheters and feeding tubes, apply restraints, discontinue IVs, drains, and sutures. vomiting, diarrhea, open wounds, or chest tube drainage.

A, B, Cs (airway, breathing, circulation)

life-threatening illness or injury

be saved with the least use of resources.

RN, Physician

MD, hospice Benazepril (Lotensin), lisinopril (Zestril), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), moexipril (Univas), quinapril (Acupril), ramipril (Altace) Acebutolol (Monitan, Rhotral, Sectral), atenolol (Tenormin, ApoAtenol, Nova-Atenol), esmolol (Brevibloc), metaprolol (Alupent, Metaproterenol), propanolol (Inderal) Gentamicin (Garamycin, Alcomicin, Genoptic), kanamycin (Kantrex), neomycin (Mycifradin), streptomycin (Streptomycin), tobramycin (Tobrex, Nebcin), amikacin (Amikin) Clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepox-ide (Librium), lorazepam (Ativan), flurazepam (Dalmane) Chlopromazine (Thorazine), prochlorperazine (Compazine), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), promethazine (Phenergan), hydroxyzine (Vistaril), fluphenazine (Prolixin) Prednisolone (Delta-Cortef, Prednisol, Prednisolone), prednisone (Apo-Prednisone, Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone, Panasol-S),

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting agents:

Beta adrenergic blockers:

Anti-infective drugs:

Benzodiazepine drugs:

Phenothiazine drugs:

Glucocorticoid drugs:

(Mensy) P 7 of 8 betametha-sone (Celestone, Selestoject, Betnesol), dexamethasone (Decadron, Deronil, Dexon, Mymethasone, Dalalone), cortisone (Co Acyclovir (Zovirax), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), indinavir (Crixivan), abacavir (Ziagen), cidofovir (Vistide), ganciclovir (Cytovene, Vitrasert) Atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvas-tatin (Zocar), rosuvastatin (Crestor) Valsartan (Diovan), candesartan (Altacand), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis) Celecoxib (Celebrex), valdecoxib (Bextra) Cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), rantidine (Zantac) Esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantopra-zole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AciPhex) Heparin sodium (Hepalean), enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox), dalteparin sodium (Fragmin) Research use only (example LSD) Requires a written prescription (example Ritalin) Requires a new prescription after six months or five refills (example codeine) Requires a new prescription after six months (example Darvon) Dispensed as any other prescription or without prescription if state law allows (example antitussives) Reduce hydrochloric acid in the stomach Increase red blood cell production Decrease oral secretions Prevent clot formation

Antivirals:

Cholesterol-lowering drugs:

Angiotensin receptor blocker drugs: Cox 2 enzyme blocker drugs: Histamine 2 antagonist drugs:

Proton pump inhibitors:

Anticoagulant drugs: Schedule I drugs Schedule II drugs Schedule III drugs Schedule IV drugs Schedule V drugs Antacids Antianemics Anticholenergics Anticoagulants

(Mensy) P 8 of 8 Anticonvulsants Antidiarrheals Antihistamines Antihypertensives Anti-infectives Bronchodilators Diuretics Laxatives Miotics Mydriatics Narcotics/analgesics Used for management of seizures/bipolar disorder Decrease gastric motility and reduce water in bowel Block the release of histamine Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow Used for the treatment of infections Dilate large air passages in asthma/lung disease Decrease water/sodium from the Loop of Henle Promote the passage of stool Constrict the pupils Dilate the pupils Relieve moderate to severe pain litigation in which one person asserts that an injury, which may be physical, emotional, or financial, occurred as a consequence of another's actions or failure to act. harm that results because a person did not act reasonably prefessional negligence character attacked and uttered in the presence of others act in which there is a threat or attempt to do bodily harm unauthorized physical contact

tort

negligence malpractice slander assault battery