Artificial intelligence (AI) may be defined as the branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent

behavior. - Luger

SCJ4553 COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim, Phd http://kpnet.fsksm.utm.my/sitizaiton

Items
What is artificial intelligence History of AI What is computational intelligence

What does artificial intelligence mean?

Programming a computer to successfully perform tasks that are thought to require intelligence
Playing chess Proving theorems Translating Malay into English Walking across a room Recognizing a familiar face Understanding directions

Ali always scores 100% in all his tests. He is ________ boy. A. a clever B. an intelligent C. a lucky

Other possible AI definitions

AI is a collection of hard problems which can be solved by humans and other living things, but for which we dont have good algorithms for solving. e. g., understanding spoken natural language, medical diagnosis, learning, self-adaptation, reasoning, chess playing, proving math theories, etc. Other Definition : a program that Acts like human (Turing test) Thinks like human (human-like patterns of thinking steps) Acts or thinks rationally (logically, correctly) Some problems used to be thought of as AI but are now considered not.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

The use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular (Boden) The study of intelligence independent of its embodiment in humans, animals or machines (McCarthy) The pursuit of metaphysics by other means (Longuet-Higgins) -it can be identified as the study of any of the
most fundamental concepts and beliefs about the basic nature of reality

AI is the study of how to do things which at the moment people do better (Rich & Knight) AI is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men. (Minsky)

History of AI

Definition: Computational Intelligence

A methodology involving computing that exhibits an ability to learn and/or to deal with new situations, such that the system is perceived to possess one or more attributes of reason, such as generalization, discovery, association and abstraction (Russel et al, 1998).

Scope of CI
practical adaptation concepts, paradigms, algorithms and implementations that enable or facilitate appropriate actions (intelligent behavior) in complex and changing environments.

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CI in Computer Science

A universally accepted definition of CI is hard to give. There is a broad consensus CI in Computer Science: Fuzzy, Neuro and Evolutionary computing also DNN computing.

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Good candidates for CI

Fuzzy, imprecise or imperfect data No available mathematical algorithm Optimal solution unknown Rapid prototyping required Only domain experts available Robust system required More recently: DNA Computing Quantum Computing
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Recent Developments

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The Importance of CI
Solve the problems in realistic situation ( not ideal) such as fuzzy, imperfect or incomplete, only domain experts available. Complementary approaches with mathematical based algorithm solutions Encourage new technology development especially in Quantum and DNA computing.

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CI : Techniques & Applications

Genetic Algorithm Neural Network Fuzzy Logic Rough Set
Case-based Reasoning Constraints-based Reasoning Hidden Marcov Model Support Vector Machine Hybrid Algorithm

Searching Forecasting Classification Scheduling Visualization Modelling and Simulation Pattern Recognition Data Mining

Class Group Presentation

Address research problem Explore literatures Discuss works and finding Write a paper and present it (formal way)