AAK – Fats closer to mothers milk
AAK – The preferred partner in fats for Infant Nutrition
Products tailored for your needs
AAK offers a complete range of oils and fats
for infant nutrition. As examples can be
mentioned: InFat – the highly refined
fat used in infant nutrition in order
to reduce constipation as one of
many advantages. The Akonino
range consists of blends with
a specific fatty acid profile
tailored to the customer
needs.
Infant Nutrition
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Quality and Food safety
AAK’s quality comprises the entire product
chain – from raw material to finished prod-
uct. All of AAK’s production units are certi-
fied according to international standard’s.
Our approach to food safety is proactive
and preventive and covers the whole supply
chain. A detailed HACCP plan is in operation
in our plants. We have defined our internal
standard of contaminants, which in many
cases goes beyond legal requirements for
potential hazardous contaminants.
Breast milk – the golden standard
The composition of breast milk is such that
it supplies the energy and components nec-
essary for growth and development of the
baby. The main components are: lactose,
fats and proteins. In addition to this it is a
source of minor components that are es-
sential for the healthy development of the
baby.
The fatty acid composition of breast milk
is influenced by a number of factors. It
changes during the breastfeeding period,
but it also depends on the time of day and
the eating habits of the mother. A typical
fatty acid composition can be found on
page 2
ß-palmitate
The triglyceride molecule of breast milk fat
has a specific composition (the same in hu-
mans all over the world), with a saturated
palmitic fatty acid (C16:0) in the central,
(sn-2 or ß) position and mainly unsaturated
fatty acids (C18:1) in the outer (sn-1,3 or α)
positions in the triglyceride. A glyceride with
palmitic fatty acid in the ß position is called
ß-palmitate.
The benefits of this triglycerid is explained
more in detail on page 5-6.
Fats in Infant Nutrition
Energy
Essential fatty acids
ß-palmitate
Akonino – tailor made blends – AAK takes responsibility

Breast milk – the reference
The reference for infant formula is breast
milk. An important aim is therefore to mimic
the fat composition of human breast milk.
To achieve this, a number of different oils
needs to be blended.
Specified fat composition
A tailor made blend for an infant formula
may comprise up to five components of
specified proportions, in order to come as
close as possible to the fat composition in
breast milk.
Different oils contribute with different
fatty acids providing the total composition
to be in line with the specification. AAK can
provide a wide range of oils to fulfill any re-
quirement on composition.
level of 1-2 % of linolenic acid (18:3) and
part of the linoleic (18:2).
In most cases at least one more liquid oil
is needed to provide the desired levels of
linoleic and oleic acid.
Akonino range
Most Akonino products are tailor made in
cooperation with the customer, some ex-
amples of standard products are described
below.
Akonino NS is a typical example of a
blend for a standard infant formula, with
Fatty acid composition of some typical Akonino products
Fatty acid Breast
profile (%) milk Akonino NS
a composition very close to that of breast
milk. In this blend the linolenic acid is sup-
plied by rapeseed oil. Akonino NR is a simi-
lar blend where the linolenic acid comes
from soyabean oil instead.
Akonino SC is a blend comprising MCT
oils, which are used in special formulas
for preterm infants. MCT oils are based on
short chain fatty acids (C8, C10) and as
such are appreciated as an efficient source
of energy.
Akonino NR Akonino SC InFat 194D

Saturated fat from palm and laurics C8 0.6 0.5 2.2 30 0.8
Palm oil provides palmitic acid, which is the
predominant saturated fatty acid. To reach C10 1 0.5 1.8 20 0.8
the level of 20-25 % found in breast milk,
40-50 % palm oil or palm olein is required. C12 6.2 6 14.7 4.5 11
To get even closer to breast milk, palm oil
should be replaced by InFat, the product C14 7.8 2.5 5.9 1.5 4
described in pages 5-6.
In addition, coconut or palmkernel oil is C16 25 23 22.5 4.2 19
needed to provide the shorter-chain fatty
C18:0 8.7 3 3.7 1.4 4
acids.

C18:1 35.0 42 29.5 14.5 40

Essential fatty acids
Furthermore, the formula needs to contain
C18:2 11.0 19 15.6 19.5 18
sufficient essential fatty acids. 10-20 %
rapeseed or soyabean oil delivers the target
C18:3 1.2 2 1.5 2.8 2

Infant Nutrition
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Akonino – tailor made blends – AAK takes responsibility

Guaranteed specification
After agreeing on a specification for the
complete blend, AAK will take the responsi-
bility to ensure that the specification is met
for each delivery. This saves the extra work
for the producer, who has to optimize the
composition depending on variations in the
raw materials. When buying a tailor made
Akonino blend, this optimization is handled
by AAK.

Application of Akonino
There is a strong regulation, regarding in-
fant formulae. As this is the only processed
food satisfying the needs of a growing baby.
It varies between different countries hereby
illustrated by part of the EC regulation.

Infant formulae can be dived in a number

of different segments, for example:
Starter formulae for the age of
0 to 6 months
Follow up formulae for the age of
5 to 12 months

The formulae is composed in different ways

in order to best suit the growing baby.

Illustration of the composition of different

formulas:

Starter Follow up
formula formula

Fat 24 % 20 % EC-directive

According to the EC directive 2006/141/EC fats for use in both starter and
Protein 11 % 11 %
follow up formulas have to comply with the following points:
Fat content of reconstituted product between 1.05 and 1.4 g/100 kJ
Carbohydrates 50 % 56 %
For allergenic reason the use of sesame and cottonseed oil is not allowed
The sum of Lauric acid (C12) and Myristic acid (C14): maximum 20 %
Akoninos are designed to fulfill the EC leg-
islation and can thereby be applied to the Content of α-linolenic acid: minimal 12 mg/100kJ
formula in the concentration of 24 % in a Linoleic acid: between 70-285 mg/100 kJ
starter formula and 20 % in a follow on for- Ratio between linoleic and α-linolenic: minimal 5 and maximal 15
mula. Trans fatty acids: maximum 3 % of total fat content
Erucic acid: maximum 1 % of total fat content

Infant Nutrition
4
InFat – closer to mother’s milk

Nothing can completely replace the

unique properties of mother’s milk, as it
contains everything a growing baby needs.
However, there are occasions when moth-
ers cannot breastfed, which is why alter-
natives are provided by the infant formula
industry. Advanced Lipids, a joint venture
between AAK and Enzymotec, supplies
optimal oil compositions mimicking the
composition of mother’s milk fat.

The main challenge for infant formula pro-

ducers is to develop a formula as close as
possible to the gold standard of mother’s
milk.
Over the years proteins, carbohydrates,
minerals, vitamins and probiotics have
been fine tuned and added to current in-
fant formula. It has been known for some
time that a specific fat is required to mimic
mother’s milk fat, but until recently only
limited amounts were commercially avail-
able. With the opening of a new dedicated
production facility at AAK in Sweden, InFat
can be supplied in significant quantities
and a growing number of customers are
appreciating the benefits of a composition
close to mother’s milk fat, with high quality
and affordable price.
Mother’s milk composition
Around 50 % of the calories in human
breast milk are supplied to the baby as fat.
Human milk fat has a specific composition
(the same in humans all over the world),
with a saturated palmitic fatty acid (C16:0)
in the central position and mainly unsatu-
rated fatty acids (C18:1) in the outer posi-
tions in the triglyceride (see Figure 1).
InFat composition
Supply of InFat
A structured triglyceride resembling moth-
InFat can be tailored to individual customer
er’s milk fat is obtained through a unique
requirements, with all products in the range
enzymatic process in which the triglycerides
containing a high level of sn-2 palmitic
from a vegetable – typically palm-based
acid.
– fat are rearranged (see Figure 1). InFat
In most cases the fine tuning of the fatty
is based purely on vegetable oils. Clinical
acid composition, sn-2 palmitic and antioxi-
studies show that when structured triglycer-
dants is done in cooperation with the cus-
ides are introduced in infant formula, both
tomer.
energy and calcium uptake, and reduced
InFat is currently used around the world,
constipation, are similar to those of mother’s
but mainly in Europe and Asia.
milk, compared to standard vegetable fat
Application of InFat
Figure 1. The InFat Solution InFat is applied as the major fat in the infant
milk formula, ie around 24 % is added into
Traditional
Mother’s milk fat
infant milk fat a starter formula, see page 4.
and InFat
As InFat can be tailored to different cus-
P O sn-1
tomer needs there is always an Infat prod-
O Enzymatic process P sn-2 (ß) uct suitable for Your needs!

Standard fat for infant formula P O sn-3

In standard infant formula, vegetable fat

has been used to fulfil the need for fat.
However, in vegetable fat the palmitic acid
Clinical studies in preterm and term infants, as well as preclinical animal model
is predominantly located in the outer posi- studies, show that beta-palmitate results in:
tions in the triglyceride and the unsaturated
Reduced stool hardness
fatty acids in the central position – the very
opposite to mother’s milk fat. Reduced calcium soaps formation
This is believed to be why infant formu- Increased calcium absorption
la-fed infants tend to show problems with Larger skeletal mineral deposition
energy and calcium uptake and increased Reduced excretion of saturated fatty (mainly palmitic) acids
constipation.

Infant Nutrition
5
InFat in new clinical study, presented at ESPGHAN

Advanced Lipids presented a poster at the ESPGHAN Meeting in Sorrento May 2011

New clinical studies
In 2010, new clinical studies demonstrating
the effect of InFat in term babies had been
concluded by Enzymotec.
Preliminary results were presented at the
ESPGHAN annual meeting (The European
Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepa-
togology and Nutrition) end of May 2011.
The clinical study is right now under pre-
review before it will be published in scien-
tific journals.
You will hear more about the outcome of
the clinical study when it is officially pub-
lished.
Advanced Lipids has already started
more clinical studies based on InFat, so you
can expect more interesting new findings in
the coming years.

Advanced Lipids
Combining Enzymotec and AAK strengths
Advanced Lipids is a joint venture be-
tween Enzymotec, a global biotech com-
pany that develops and manufactures lip-
id-based bio-functional and nutraceutical
ingredients; and AAK, the world’s leading
producer of vegetable fats and oils for the
infant formula industry. Advanced Lipids
provides a unique service package to our
customers, thru combining Enzymotec’s
clinical R&D and expertise in lipid tech-
nologies with AAK’s international strength
in food safety, production and logistics.
Enzymotec
Delivering Lipids
+ Worldwide expert in lipids + Worldwide expert in lipids
technology technology
+ Global leader in fats for infant + Proven capabilities in supplying
nutrition innovative lipidbased, biofunctio-
nal ingredients and final products
+ Global supplier of tailor-made
oils for infant formula producers + High standard clinical trials
+ State of the art production + Global business development
facilities
+ Intellectual property
+ High level of product quality
and food safety + Regulatory expertise

Advanced Lipids continuously invests in InFat Production Facility factory designed for continuous operation,
InFat clinical research and owns several The InFat production plant is located in the equipped with the latest technology for the
patents and patents pending in the area of AAK facility in Karlshamn, Sweden. The enzymatic production of structured triglyc-
infant nutrition. plant is a state of the art fully automated erides of the type found in mother’s milk.

AAK – Wherever you are For more information:

Our head office is in Malmö, Sweden, and we have production facilities in Denmark, Mexico, Infant.nutrition@aak.com
the Netherlands, Great Britain, Sweden, Uruguay and USA. So no matter where you are in the Telephone: +46 454 82000
world, you’re within reach of AAK, the first choice for value-added vegetable oil solutions.