LABORATORY TEST

HEMATOLOGGY
RBCS 4.6 - 6.0 million/mm3 men 4.0 - 5.0 million/mm3 women Critical Value - 10% decrease is anemia Count of the number of circulation RBC's in 1 mm of peripheral venous blood, part of the complete blood count, produced by erythroid elements in the bone marrow, life of RBC 120 days WBCS

INCREASE  Low oxygen tension in the blood  Congenital heart disease  Cor pulmonale  Pulmonary fibrosis  COPD  Polycythemia vera  Dehydration (such as from severe 
diarrhea) Renal (kidney) disease with high erythropoietin production

DECREASE  Blood loss  Anemia (various types)  Hemorrhage  Bone marrow failure (for example, from     
radiation, toxin, fibrosis, tumor) Erythropoietin deficiency (secondary to renal disease) Hemolysis (RBC destruction) Leukemia Multiple myeloma Malnutrition (nutritional deficiencies of iron, folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6)

(leukocytosis)  Infectious diseases

(leukopenia)  Bone marrow failure (for example, due to

   
HEMATOCRIT Normal Values 40% - 54% men 36% - 46% women Critical Values <15% or >60% >60% = blood clot formation danger

Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis or allergy) Leukemia Severe emotional or physical stress Tissue damage (SUCH AS burns) Anemia (various types) Blood loss (hemorrhage)

    

infection, tumor or fibrosis) Presence of cytotoxic substance Autoimmune/collagen-vascular diseases (such as lupus erythematosus) Disease of the liver or spleen Radiation exposure Dehydration  Burns General Interventions for Anemias

       

 

Bone marrow failure (for example, due to radiation, toxin, fibrosis, tumor)  Hemolysis (RBC destruction) related  to transfusion reaction Leukemia Malnutrition or specific nutritional deficiency Multiple myeloma

Diarrhea Polycythemia vera Low oxygen tension (smoking, congenital heart disease, living at high altitudes)

Assess patient for fatigue, pallor, dyspnea on exertion, tachycardia, HA-head ache For Fe Deficiency Anemia - High Fe diet & Fe supplement tablets

HEMOGLOBIN

Rheumatoid arthritis dehydration, COPD, congenital heart disease

 

Anemia (various types) Blood loss

Decreased Value Blood transfusion Hbg<8g/dl, or Hct<24 Monitor patient for fatigue, paleness, tachycardia & bleeding Increased Value With dehydration, Rehydrate with IV fluids Check S&S of Dehydration - thirst, poor skin turgor, dry mucous

Plt. Platelets N: 150,000 - 400,000/mm3 CV: <50,000 or > 1 million/mm3 Platelets -part of the hemostatic mechanism is platelet aggregation (clumping), platelets initiate coagulation, life of a platelet 7-9 days, essential for blood clotting

Untreated cancer - leukemia, colon cancer, & lymphoma; polycythemia vera=high plt. & high RBC

<100/mm3 have thrombocytopenia, <20,000 have spontaneous bleeding, hemorrhage, leukemia, DIC (diseminated intravascular coagulation), infection, post chemotherapy, ESLD

membranes, tachycardia, hypotension, low urinary output Decreased Values At risk for bleeding Apply pressure to venipuncture sites for at least 5 mins. No IM injections, only use and elctric razor Check body orifices for bleeding, guaic stool Increased Values: For the Doctor to treat the disease process.