TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING UTILITIES 2

HVAC SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:

ROBIE ROSE R. ROYO

PRESENTED TO:

SIR NATHANIEL BALBERO

INSTRUCTOR

DATE: AUGUST 12, 2010

S.Y. 2010- 2011

HEATING
IS SIGNIFICANT IN MAINTAINING ROOM TEMPERATURE ESPECIALLY DURING COLD WEATHER CONDITIONS BOILER, HEAT PUMP, AND RADIATOR MAKE UP THE HEATING SYSTEM

DEFINITION
BOILER-is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications. HEAT PUMPS- is a machine or device that moves heat from one location (the 'source') at a lower temperature to another location (the 'sink' or 'heat sink') at a higher temperature using mechanical work or a high-temperature heat source. RADIATOR-are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.

SECTION 1.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOILERS

1.1 LOCATION In detached buildings of fire resistant construction used for no other purpose and situated not less than 3m distance from buildings not forming part of factory, or in structures of fire resisting materials, preferably stone or concrete walls connected to or in close proximity to other factory buildings. No part of the steam boiler should be closer than 1m from any wall.

1.2 STEAM BOILER ROOMS Although not to be used for passage, boiler rooms should be provided with two doors preferably on opposite ends or sides which if locked may be opened without key from the inside.

1.3 CEILING CLEARANCE y When boilers are replaced or new boilers are installed in either existing or new buildings, a minimum height of at least 2,130 mm shall be provided between the top of the boiler proper and the ceiling except in single installation of self-contained boilers where a minimum height of at least 915mm shall be provided between the highest point of any valve stem or fitting and the ceiling.

SECTION 2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT FOR HEAT PUMPS

2.1 CHOOSING AND INSTALLATION - Temperature -Air-source heat pump -Ground-source heat pump

2.2 HEAT PUMP EFFICIENCY The heating and cooling functions of a heat pump each have their own measure of efficiency. A heat pump's cooling efficiency is measured by its "Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating", or SEER. Its heating efficiency is measured by its "Heating Seasonal Performance Factor" or HSPF. In warm climates where you'll want to generate cool air often and hot air rarely, you'll want to choose a heat pump with a high SEER. In cooler climates, you'll want to make sure that your heat pump has a high HSPF.

SECTION 3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATOR

3.1 LOCATION the location of radiators under windows is recommended to reduce cold down drafts, the length of curtains, which could adversely affect the distribution of heat when closed should be considered. The location of radiators at the entrances to a property is particularly important to offset the ingress of cold air into the building. The reduced accessibility and the safety of the occupants, especially the young and infirm, due to radiator siting should also be taken into consideration.

3.2 CLEARANCES When sitting radiators it is important to remember to leave adequate clearances for heat circulation and valve installation. The recommended height from the floor to the base of the radiator is 150mm.

3.3 SIZING RADIATOR CALCULATING RADIATOR SIZES

A quick and easy way to calculate the size of the radiator required for any room in your house is by measuring the room in cubic feet and then applying the following factors to the figure arrived at: Lounges and dining rooms Multiply cubic feet by 5 Bedrooms Multiply cubic feet by 4

Common areas and kitchens Multiply cubic feet by 3 For rooms facing north Add 15% For French windows Add 20% For double glazing Deduct 10%

This will give you the output of any radiator in BTUs (British Thermal Units). Adding the total for all the rooms in your house or flat will give you the demand in BTUs for the whole house. Add 20% to the total for a hot water circulating tank and 10% for general losses. This will give you the RADIATOR size you need for your house.

VENTILATING
y The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or may have not been conditioned. SECTION 1.0 VENTILATION STANDARDS 1.1 The temperature and humidity of the air to be used for comfort cooling shall be maintained at 20-23.3 degrees C effective temperature at an air movement of from 4570 to 7620mm/min within the living zone and 55 to 66% relative humidity .

TABLE 8.2 Desirable Indoor Conditions for Different Outdoor Temperature OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE INDOOR TEMPERATURE DRY BULB DEGREE C EFFECTIVE DRY BULB 39 24 28 35 23 27 32 23 27 29 22 26 27 22 25 1.2 The quality of air used to ventilate the space during the occupancy shall always be sufficient to maintain the standards of air temperature, air quality, air motion and air distribution. Ventilation requirements shall conform to the following table 8.2.

TABLE 8.2 OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENT APPLICATION APARTMENT, AVERAGE BANKING SPACE BARBER SHOP BEAUTY PARLOR BOARD ROOM COCKTAIL BAR DEPARTMENT STORE DIRECTOR S OFFICE DRUG STORE FACTORY 5 AND 10 STORES FUNERAL PARLOR HOSPITAL, PRIVATE ROOM HOTEL ROOM LABORATORIES MEETING ROOM OFFICES, GENERAL RESTAURANT, CAFETERIA DINING ROOM SHOP, RETAIN THEATER LITERS PER SECOND/ PERSON RECOMMENDED 12 9.5 11.8 12 11.8 14 7.5 11.8 7.5 7.5 7.5 11.8 11.8 17 9.5 11.8 9.5 9.5 9.5 7.5 7.5

1.3 The desirable temperature in air conditioned spaces increases as the outdoor temperature increases as shown in table 8.1. SECTION 2.0 AIR INTAKE AND OULETS 2.1 Re-circulating air intakes shall be located at above the floor, except that protected floor inlets may be permitted under seats in theaters. When located less than 2130mm above the floor, inlet and outlet openings shall be protected by a substantial grill or screen, thru the opening of which 13mm sphere will not pass. Fresh air intakes shall be protected by screens of corrosion resistant material not larger than 13mm mesh. Air shall not be re-circulated from any spaces in which objectionable quantities of anesthetic gases, toxic gases, flammable vapors, flying, dust or bacteria laden air are given off

SECTION 3.0 AIR FILTERS Filters shall be sized to provide not less than 0.093m sq. of total face area per 142 lps of air and shall ne readily accessible for cleaning or replacement. SECTION 4.0 AIR SPACE REQUIREMENT IN DETERMINING THE SIZE OF ROOM 4.1 Minimum air space shall be provided as follows: 1. school rooms- 3.00 cubic meters with 1.00 square meter of floor area per person; 2. workshop, factories and offices- 12.00 cubic meter of air space per person 3. habitable rooms- 14.00 cubic meters of air space per person

SECTION 4.0 ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION (a) Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with artificial means of ventilation to prevent excessive accumulation of hot and or polluted air. (b) Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed and constructed to meet the following minimum requirements in air changes: 1. For rooms entirely above grade, and used for office, clerical, or administrative purposes, or as stores, sales rooms, restaurants, markets, factories, workshops, or machinery rooms not less than three changes of air per hour shall be provided 2. For entirely above grade and used as bakeries, hotels, or restaurant kitchen, laundries other than accessories to dwellings, and boiler rooms-not less than ten changes of air per hour shall be provided 3. For auditorium and other rooms used for assembly purposes, with seats or other accommodations- not less than 0.30 of air per minute shall be supplied for each person 4. For wards and dormitories of institutional buildings- not les than 0.45 cubic meter of air per minute shall be supplied for each person accommodated