HEALTH TEACHINGS

MEDICATIONS Dactinomycin (Cosmegen, actinomycin D) Antibiotic derived from Streptomyces bacterium. Binds to guanine portion of DNA and causes topoisomerase-mediated breaks in DNA strands. Vincristine (Oncovin) Inhibits tubulin polymerization; therefore, targets dividing cells. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Alkylating agent, believed to be cytotoxic to dividing cells by cross-linking cellular DNA. Processed in liver to active metabolites; byproducts (eg, acrolein) accumulate in bladder and cause cystitis. Etoposide (Toposar, VP16) Inhibits topoisomerase II; therefore, toxic to cells undergoing DNA replication. Carboplatin (Paraplatin) Analog of cisplatin. Used in treatment regimens for relapse. Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) Cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius (var caesius). Binds to nucleic acids presumably by specific intercalation of anthracycline nucleus with DNA double helix.

EXERCISE People with kidney disease can benefit from some type of regular exercise. There areseveral types of exercise: Stretching or flexibility exercises improve the movement of your head, and reduce stiffness in muscles. Strengthening or resistance exercises will increase strength of muscles. Cardiovascular or endurance exercise (also called aerobic exercise) such as walking or cycling improves the function of the heart and circulation, andresults in improved enduranceand energy levels.

TREATMENT Four types of standard treatment are used: Surgery Wilms tumor and other childhood kidney tumors are usually treated with nephrectomy (surgery to remove the whole kidney). Nearby lymph nodes may also be removed. If cancer is found in both kidneys, surgery may include a partial nephrectomy (removal of the cancer in the kidney and a small amount of normal tissue around it). Partial nephrectomy is done to keep the kidney working.

Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy. External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer. The way the radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. The way the chemotherapy is given depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated.Combination chemotherapy is treatment using two or more anticancer drugs. Biologic therapy Biologic therapy is a treatment that uses the patient's immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer. This type of cancer treatment is also called biotherapy or immunotherapy. OUTPATIENT (check-up) Follow-up care for Wilms tumor includes regular visits to the doctor for physical examinations, blood and urine tests, and imaging tests (CT scans, ultrasounds, and xrays). At first, these visits and tests will be more frequent (such as every three months), but the time between checkups will increase until five years after treatment, then he or she will be scheduled for a follow-up visit once a year. DIET
Eating a low-protein diet Restricting salt, potassium, phosphorous, and other electrolytes

Getting enough calories if you are losing weight

IRON- Patients with advanced kidney failure usually need extra iron.Many foods contain extra iron (liver, beef, pork, chicken, lima and kidney beans, iron-fortified cereals)

Phosphate and calcium should be balance because it can affect the health of the bones. When a person has kidney problem, the calcium level in their body tends to be too low and the phosphate level too high.