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F L I G H T

O P E R A T I O N S
BY

M A N U A L

AREA 51 SIMULATIONS

1- AIRCRAFT BACKGROUND

C-5 GALAXY The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is a large, military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. It was designed to provide strategic heavy airlift over intercontinental distances and to carry outsize and oversize cargo. The C-5 Galaxy has been operated by the United States Air Force since 1969 and is one of the largest military aircraft in the world.

C-5M SUPER GALAXY Based on a recent study showing 80% of the C-5 airframe service life remaining, AMC began an aggressive program to modernize all remaining C-5Bs and C-5Cs and many of the C-5As. The C-5 Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) began in 1998 and includes upgrading avionics to Global Air Traffic Management compliance, improving communications, new flat panel displays, improving navigation and safety equipment, and installing a new autopilot system. The first flight of the first modified C-5 with AMP (85-0004) occurred on 21 December 2002.[21]

Another part of the plan is a comprehensive Reliability Enhancement and Re-engining Program (RERP), which includes new General Electric CF6-80C2 engines, pylons and auxiliary power units, with upgrades to aircraft skin and frame, landing gear, cockpit and the pressurization system.[8] The CF6 engine produces 22% more thrust (for 50,000 lbf (223 kN) total from each engine[22]) than existing C-5 engines which will result in a 30% shorter takeoff roll, a 38% higher climb rate to initial altitude, a significantly increased cargo load, and a longer range between refueling.[8][23] The C-5s that complete these upgrades are designated C-5M Super Galaxy.[24]

The C-5 AMP and RERP modernization programs plan to raise mission-capable rate to a minimum goal of 75%.[8] Over the next 40 years, the U.S. Air Force estimates the C-5M will save over US$20 billion.[25] The first C-5M conversion was completed on 16 May 2006, and performed its first flight on 19 June 2006.[25] C-5Ms have been in flight testing out of

Dobbins Air Reserve Base since June 2006. Two of the three (86-0013 and 86-0025) aircraft may be identified by the distinctively colored nose boom used to acquire test data.[7]

The USAF decided to convert remaining C-5Bs and C-5Cs into C-5Ms with avionics upgrades and re-engining in February 2008.[26] The C-5As will receive only the avionics upgrades.[26][27] The three test C-5Ms successfully completed developmental flight testing in August 2008. The test aircraft will begin Operational Test and Evaluation in September 2009.[28][29] The RERP upgrade program is to be completed in 2016.[29]

Lockheed Martin announced that a C-5M test flight on 13 September 2009, set 41 new records. The flight's data have been submitted to the National Aeronautic Association for formal acceptance. The C-5M carried a payload of 176,610 lb (80,036 kg) to over 41,100 feet in 23 minutes, 59 seconds. The flight set 33 time to climb records at various payload classes, and broke the world record for greatest payload to 6,562 feet (2,000 meters). The aircraft used for this flight had a takeoff weight of 649,680 lb, which included payload, fuel and crew.[30] 2- AREA51 SIMULATIONS C-5M GALAXY FOR FSX AND FS2004 Keyboard Shortcuts: Shift E (or + 1):Open Main Door Shift E + 2: Open Front Ramp Shift E + 3: Open Back Door + Ramp Shift E + 4: Open Engine hatch Ctrl + E: Autostart Engines Ctrl + Shift + F1: Stop all Engines Shift + F12: Night Vision on/off (FSX Feature. You need to install FSXNVSetup.exe which can be downloadad from web)

Wing Flaps and Slats The wing flaps/slats have six positions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. UP (0%) Maneuvering (8 degrees/20 percent) Intermediate I (16 degrees/40 percent) Intermediate II (25 degrees/62.5 percent) Takeoff (32 degrees/80 percent) Landing (40 degrees/100 percent)

The wing flaps take 29 seconds to extend. The slats work in conjunction with the wing flaps switch but take only 11 seconds to extend. The slats cannot be controlled separately. Power Schedule Set power quickly by using the mouse to determine your exact percentage of throttle opening, which will correspond within 1% to the N1 rpm values in the table. The settings will differ depending on altitude. Use these tables as a guideline to help determine approximate throttle settings quickly.
Throttle setting, percent 0% 76% 82% 89% N1 RPM, Sea level 17% 85% 95% 97% Scheduled power Idle Min cruise Norm cruise Normal Takeoff

100%

106%

Maximum

Throttle setting, percent 0% 65% 79% 83% 100%

N1 RPM, 25,000 feet 28% 85% 95% 97% 106%

Scheduled power Idle Min cruise Max cruise Limited cruise Maximum

Speed Limitations

Full Flaps: 180 KIAS 80% Flaps: 195 KIAS Landing Gear: 250 KIAS Maximum indicated speed: 402 KIAS Maximum indicated Mach: 0.875 Turbulent air penetration speed: 280 KIAS

Weight Limitations You can set the payload weight using the Fuel/Payloads menu. The maximum aircraft weight is 837,000 lbs.

Wing Flaps/Slats The wing flaps/slats have six positions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. UP (0%) Maneuvering (8 degrees/20 percent) Intermediate I (16 degrees/40 percent) Intermediate II (25 degrees/62.5 percent) Takeoff (32 degrees/80 percent) Landing (40 degrees/100 percent)

The wing flaps take 29 seconds to extend. The slats work in conjunction with the wing flaps switch but take only 11 seconds to extend. The slats cannot be controlled separately. (Flap extension times are uniformly 5 seconds for the simple flight model).

Power Schedule Set power quickly by using the mouse to determine your exact percentage of throttle opening, which will correspond to the N1 rpm values in the table. The settings will differ depending on altitude. Use these tables as a guideline to help determine approximate throttle settings quickly.
Throttle setting, percent 0% N1 RPM, Sea level 17% N2 RPM, Sea level 61% Scheduled power Idle

76% 82% 89% 100%

85% 90% 97% 106%

95% 97% 99% 102%

Min cruise Norm cruise Normal Takeoff Maximum

Throttle setting, percent 0% 73% 91% 100%

N1 RPM, 25,000 feet -85% 95% 99%

N2 RPM, 25,000 feet -90% 94% 95%

Scheduled power Idle Min cruise Norm cruise Maximum

Engine Start Use Ctrl-E (autostart) to start the aircraft, or use the "Autostart" switch on the electrical panel popup. This will start all four engines in sequence.

Takeoff and Climb (680,000 lbs.)

Make sure fuel supply is adequate for the intended flight.

Set elevator trim to neutral. Set flaps/slats to 32 degrees (80% - read this by mousing over the flaps gauge or handle). Confirm spoilers are retracted. Line up aircraft on runway. Set brakes unless rolling takeoff is planned. Apply takeoff power smoothly (89% throttle, 97% N1) Release brakes when power is at 97% N1. Pull back on the stick slightly to lighten the nose at about 125 KIAS. Rotate smoothly at about 135 KIAS. 9,000 feet of runway are needed to lift off at this weight. Retract landing gear once a positive rate of climb is established. Allow the aircraft to accelerate to 175 KIAS and maintain that speed. Once the aircraft is at least 1,000 feet above the terrain, retract the flaps. Set climb power to 90-95% N1 RPM, which roughly corresponds to 81-86% throttle (use mouse to read this in the VC). Allow the aircraft to accelerate to the normal climb speed of 250 KIAS below 10,000 feet after flaps are retracted. Adjust rate of climb to maintain a total fuel flow of 30,000 pph during the climb. After passing through 10,000 feet with a climb rate of about +500 fpm, accelerate to 270 KIAS. Maintain 270 KIAS until reaching Mach 0.7. Maintain Mach 0.7 until reaching cruising altitude.

Instrument Takeoff and Climb (680,000 lbs.)


Make sure fuel supply is adequate for the intended flight. Set elevator trim to neutral. Set flaps/slats to 32 degrees (80% - read this by mousing over the flaps gauge or handle). Confirm spoilers are retracted. Set IAS hold speed value to 250 KIAS. Enter desired cruising altitude in altitude hold window. Set heading to runway heading or as desired. Line up aircraft on runway. Set brakes unless rolling takeoff is planned. Engage TOGA (use keystroke or joystick button, no button is available on the panel). Confirm Flight Director flags visible in Expanded Scale ADI. Power will increase to 97% N1 automatically. Observe horizontal command bar rise to computed takeoff pitch. Pull back on the stick slightly to lighten the nose at about 125 KIAS. Rotate smoothly at about 135 KIAS, aligning horizontal command bar with miniature airplane in ADI. Retract landing gear once a positive rate of climb is established. After a stable 8-degree pitch is established, engage autopilot master and wing leveler. TOGA will now hold the climb pitch at 8 degrees. Retract flaps when the aircraft is at least 1,000 feet above the terrain.

After sufficient altitude has been achieved, engage the altitude hold and IAS hold. Engage heading hold or navigation commands (VOR, ADF, or GPS) as desired. Complete climb as with normal takeoff.

Cruising (710,000 lbs.) Use autopilot/autothrottle to set cruise parameters. The aircraft takes several minutes to reach cruising speed after reaching cruising altitude. Naut. Fuel miles/1000 Altitude Airspeed Consumption lbs 25,000 feet 0.77 Mach/336 KIAS 22,500 pounds/hour 20.7

Normal Descent A typical enroute descent profile is conducted at 300 KIAS/Mach 0.77 with the airplane in clean configuration. Set descent rate to 1500 fpm with a throttle setting of 90% N1 as an initial setting for descent from 25,000 feet at a weight of 700,000 lbs. For quicker descents, set power and descent rate as desired, using spoilers as necessary. For emergency descents, use maximum spoilers with flaps and gear extended as desired while keeping the airspeeds within posted limits.

Landing (620,000 pounds)

Approach the field at about 215 KIAS in clean configuration. Deploy flaps/slats to 40% on downwind and maintain 210 KIAS. Lower landing gear after flaps extension and check down/locked. On base leg, check flaps 40% and gear down/locked. Maintain 200 KIAS. After turning on final, lower flaps to 100 percent and maintain 165 KIAS. Over airfield boundary speed should be 160 KIAS. Best flare speed is 155 KIAS. Minimum touchdown speed is 150 KIAS. After touchdown extend spoilers fully. Brake as necessary after nose gear touches down.

Landing (375,000 pounds)


Approach the field at about 215 KIAS in clean configuration. Deploy flaps/slats to 40% on downwind and maintain 180 KIAS. Lower landing gear after flaps extension and check down/locked. On base leg, check flaps 40% and gear down/locked. Maintain 150 KIAS. After turning on final, lower flaps to 100 percent and maintain 125 KIAS. Over airfield boundary speed should be 120 KIAS. Best flare speed is 115 KIAS. Minimum touchdown speed is 110 KIAS. After touchdown extend spoilers fully. Brake as necessary after nose gear touches down.

ILS Approach (620,000 pounds)


Approach airfield at the prescribed altitude and speed, usually 2-3000 ft above field elevation. Tune ILS frequency on the NAV radio and make sure it is active.

On extended final, set autopilot ON and altitude hold to the prescribed altitude. Turn on "Approach" hold (APR button on the autopilot panel). Set IAS hold to desired speed if not already done. Aircraft should fly runway heading on localizer at the altitude set in autopilot. When glideslope is intercepted, ALT hold light will go out and aircraft will now follow the glideslope. IAS hold will automatically hold correct approach speed of 165 KIAS. For weights lighter than 620,000 pounds, select appropriate IAS hold speed value.

All these procedures have been condensed and modified for use in Flight Simulator. The
data about the aircraft taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-5_Galaxy and C-5A/B manual...

Have a good Flight! www.area51sim.com

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