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    Introduction

    Diunggah oleh

    maiphuong050207

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 41

    Principles of Programming Languages Introduction

    Quan Thanh Tho, Ph.D. CSE HCMUT qttho@cse.hcmut.edu.vn

    Outline

    An introductory tour Kinds of languages Objectives Compiler and Interpreter

    Language Tour

    dosseg .model small .stack 100h .data hello_message db 'Hello, World!',0dh,0ah,'$' .code main proc mov ax,@data mov ds,ax mov ah,9 mov dx,offset hello_message int 21h mov ax,4C00h int 21h main endp end main

    C
    #include <stdio.h>

    main() { for(;;) { printf ("Hello World!\n"); } }

    C++
    #include <iostream>

    int main() { std::cout << "Hello, world!\n"; }

    C#
    class HelloWorld { static void Main () { System.Console.Write("Hello World!"); } }

    HTML
    <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Hello, World Page!</TITLE> </HEAD>

    <BODY> Hello, World! </BODY> </HTML>

    Java
    class HelloWorld { public static void main (String args[]) { for (;;) { System.out.print("Hello World "); } } }

    Javascript
    <TITLE> Hello World in JavaScript </TITLE> <SCRIPT> document.write ("Hello, world!") </SCRIPT>

    LATEX
    \documentclass{article} \begin{document} \begin{center} \Huge{HELLO WORLD} \end{center} \end{document}

    Lisp
    (DEFUN HELLO-WORLD () (PRINT (LIST 'HELLO 'WORLD)))

    (LOOP (FORMAT T "~%Hello World"))

    (while t (message "Hello World") (message "") ; force emacs to update the display )

    Prolog
    hello :printstring("HELLO WORLD!!!!"). printstring([]). printstring([H|T]) :- put(H), printstring(T).

    Smalltalk
    Transcript show: 'Hello World.

    Visual Basic
    Private Sub FOrm_Load() Static I I=1 for I = 1 to 10 msgbox "Hello World" Next I end sub

    Visual C++
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CHelloDlg dialog CHelloDlg::CHelloDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/) : CDialog(CHelloDlg::IDD, pParent) { //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CHelloDlg) // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here //}}AFX_DATA_INIT m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME); }

    SQL
    CREATE TABLE HELLO (HELLO CHAR(12)) UPDATE HELLO SET HELLO = 'HELLO WORLD!' SELECT * FROM HELLO

    SQL
    CREATE TABLE HELLO (HELLO CHAR(12)) UPDATE HELLO SET HELLO = 'HELLO WORLD!' SELECT * FROM HELLO

    Word Macro
    Sub MAIN FileNewDefault Insert "Hello World!" FormatParagraph .Alignment = 1 While (1 = 1) For count = 1 To CountFonts() EditSelectAll Font(Font$(count)), 40 Next Wend End Sub

    Dos Batch File


    @echo off :top echo "Hello, World!" goto top

    PHP
    <?php echo "<html> <head> <title>Hello World Page</title> </head> <body> Hello World! </body> </html>" ?>

    When the tour ends

    What is the common of these languages?

    Machine Language
    CPU Memory
    0101001001101011 1101111001001001

    I/O

    0001101010101010

    Machine Language
    Instruction:
    Operation Code Operands

    10110011010010010011010110110 001

    Assembly Language
    A := B + C if A = 0 then body MOV r0, B ADD r0, C MOV A, r0 BNE L1 equal 0 ; ; ; ; move B into register r0 add store branch if result not

    body
    L1:

    Language Levels
    Natural Language

    High-Level

    Machine Language

    LowLevel

    Language Classification

    Imperative

    von Neumann object-oriented

    Fortran, Pascal, Basic, C Smalltalk, Eiffel, C++, Java

    Declarative

    functional dataflow logic

    Lisp, ML, Haskell Id, Val Prolog, VisiCalc

    Von Neumann Languages

    Most familiar and successful

    Imperative statements
    Modification of variables

    Fortran, Pascal, Basic, C,

    Object-Oriented Languages

    Imperative statements

    Message passing among objects

    Smalltalk, Eiffel, C++, Java

    Functional Languages

    Recursive definition of functions (lambda calculus) Expressions of function composition

    Lisp, ML, Haskell

    Logic Languages

    Logical facts and rules (predicate logic) Computation as theorem proving

    Prolog, VisiCalc

    Objectives

    To increase your capacity to express ideas using a programming language To allow you to choose an appropriate programming language for a design task To give you the ability to quickly learn new languages To understand basic tasks of a compiler

    What Makes a Good Language?

    Clarity, simplicity, unity of language concepts

    Clarity of program syntax


    Naturalness for the application

    Support for abstraction


    Ease of program verification

    What Makes a Good Language?

    Programming environment

    Portability of programs
    Cost of use

    program execution program translation program creation, testing, use program maintenance

    Compilation and Interpretation


    Source program Input Source program Compiler Target program Target program Output

    Interpreter

    Output

    Input

    Compilation and Interpretation


    Interpreter: better flexibility and diagnostics Compiler: better performance

    Tr

    References

    Programming Languages Principles and Practices Kenneth C. Louden, Thomson Brooks/ Cole, 2003 Ngn ng lp trnh Cc nguyn l v m hnh Cao Hong Tr, 2004 Programming Languages Design and Implementation, Terrence W. Pratt & Marvin V. Zelkowitz, 2001

    References

    www.google.com www.wikipedia.com

    Assessment

    Class exercise/ lab: 10% Assignment: 30% Mid-term: 10~20% Final: 40~50%

    Course Web-site

    www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/elearning

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