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The Future and Future Continuous Tenses

The Future Simple and 'going to' The difficulty with the Future Simple is not so much the difference between will and shall as when to use special forms such as going to. Firstly, you should note that in modern English the distinction between will and shall for the Pure Future has almost disappeared. We can use will for any person when we simply want to indicate that an event will happen in the future. Strictly speaking, will used with the first person indicates a promise or intention. In practice there is no difference between the borrower who says I shall return your money tomorrow. and the one who says I will return your money tomorrow. Only a rigid grammarian would prefer to believe the borrower who uses will! The future can be expressed by going to + infinitive if there is the idea of intention, certainty or prediction. We are going to have dinner at eight o'clock. She is going to leave school in June. This house is going to fall down. It is, of course, quite correct to use will in place of going to. The going to construction is particularly common to express decisions that we have already taken: We are going to spend August in Japan. But it is not used for a future action decided at the moment of speaking: I'm hungry. I think I'll cook a meal. Usually it does not occur in conditions: If you tell him the truth, he'll be disappointed. EXERCISE 16 Complete the following sentences using going to wherever possible and will or shall in other cases. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 It is very cloudy and I'm sure it _________________________ rain. He _______________________leave for England on Thursday. I _________________________ stay in this town for a month. This train __________________________ take you to Madrid. He __________________________ give you change if you ask him. I ___________________________ read a book tonight. He ___________________________clean his bicycle this evening. The sun _____________________________rise at half past five tomorrow morning. The headmaster ___________________________ punish that boy if he's late again. When _______________________________ telephone your father? Tomorrow _______________________________be the last day of the month. His wife _______________________________ a baby next month. I don't know if _______________________________chosen for the play.

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Those trees _____________________________ cut down next week. The gardener ______________________________ water the lawn if we ask him to. We _____________________________ have more students in this school next term. Our dog ___________________________bark if someone tries to break into the house. The train _____________________________ arrive in ten minutes' time. The President _____________________________make an important speech tonight. If you spend a few months in Italy, you __________________________ become quite fluent in Italian. This tense is used for an activity or a state which begins before and continues after a point of future time.:

The Future Continuous He will be flying across the Sahara at two o'clock tomorrow afternoon. Here the Future Simple would not be a suitable tense because the flight will obviously last longer than an instant; it will begin before and continue after two o'clock. Consider these further examples: We shall be playing football at half past four tomorrow. When he arrives, they will be waiting at the railway station for him. Next Tuesday we shall be taking our final examinations. The Future Continuous can also be used to indicate that an activity or state will be going on over a period of future time. I shall be working in the library all tomorrow morning. My brother will be studying at the university next year. Our teacher will be correcting examination papers all next week. In such cases as the above three The Future Continuous is used for emphasis and it would not be grammatically wrong to use the Future Simple. The Future Continuous can be used instead of the Present Continuous to show that an event has been definitely planned for the future: She will be leaving school in June. (See the note on the use of the Present Continuous in this way.) EXERCISE 17 Write five sentences using the Future Continuous to indicate an activity or state beginning before and continuing after a point of future time. EXERCISE 18 Write five sentences using the Future Continuous to emphasise that an activity or state will be going on continuously over a period of future time. EXERCISE 19 Write five sentences using the Future Continuous to indicate that an event has been definitely planned for the future.

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