Chapter B

Shell
Performance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide permanently enclosed spaces for all functional
areas shown in the project program. The construction will provide a physical
enclosure that keeps out weather, vandals, animals, and insects without
requiring specific action by occupants, while providing convenient movement
of occupants between interior and exterior, and natural light where feasible. The
construction will provide level floor areas, ceiling heights as appropriate for the
space and activities, and plumb (vertical) walls.
2. Enclosure Elements:
a. The elements forming usable enclosed space and separating that space from the
external environment comprise the shell and consist of the superstructure,
exterior enclosures, and roofing.
b. Superstructure: All elements that form floors and roofs and their support
structures above grade and within basements, and the elements required for their
support, insulation, fireproofing, and firestopping.
c. Exterior Enclosure: All essentially vertical elements forming the separation
between exterior and interior conditioned and unconditioned space, including
exterior skin, components supporting weather barriers, and jointing and
interfacing components; not including the interior skin unless it is an integral
part of the enclosure.
d. Roofing: All elements that form weather and thermal barriers at horizontal and
sloped roofs and decks, and roof fixtures.
3. Verification:
a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in
process of construction by Area FM personnel and licensed professionals to
confirm compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification
notes contained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying
verification techniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Active Climate Control:
a. The construction will be based on the use of active climate control systems to
meet thermal comfort requirements. See "Climatic Requirements" in "Program
Requirements" and Chapter D3, "HVAC".
2. Thermal Performance:
a. The construction will have characteristics that provide thermal resistance as
necessary to maintain interior comfort levels described in Chapter D3,
"HVAC", while conserving energy as described in Chapter D, "Services".
b. Condensation: None allowed on interior surfaces under normal interior
temperature and relative humidity conditions during 100 percent of the days in
the coldest three months of the year.
A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 1 of 7
c. Verification:
1) Identification of applicable thermal resistant materials, systems, and
techniques.
2) Detailed listing of design criteria and analysis prepared by a licensed
mechanical engineer.
3) Product data on thermal materials and details of thermal barriers and
assemblies.
3. Ventilation of Special Spaces:
a. The construction will provide outside air movement through enclosed shell
volumes, such as attics, to avoid the accumulation of excess heat and humidity.
C. Health and Safety
1. Building Egress (Exiting):
a. The construction will provide openings in the exterior shell adequate for the
safe egress of occupants when the meetinghouse is fully occupied.
b. For multistory meetinghouses, the construction will provide a minimum of two
exits from each floor that are separated by a minimum distance of one-half the
largest diagonal dimension of the building.
2. Fire Resistance:
a. The construction will provide fire resistance that provides for the life safety of
occupants, regardless of minimal or non-existent local requirements.
b. Verification:
1) Review provisions for fire resistance in the construction documents and
confirm in actual construction.
3. Accidental Injury:
a. The construction will protect pedestrians and building occupants in accordance
with the following:
1) The construction will prevent ice and snow from falling off building
elements onto pedestrians, building occupants, vehicles, and equipment.
b. Verification:
1) Review provisions for prevention of accidental injury in the construction
documents and confirm them in actual construction.
4. Glazed Areas Subject to Human Impact:
a. Safety glazing is to be provided in all glazed areas subject to human impact,
including glazed areas at grade, in doors, and in glazed panels adjacent to doors.
5. Physical Security:
a. The construction will provide protection of occupants and interior fixtures and
fittings as deemed necessary in each locale. The construction will avoid giving
the appearance of a fortress or high-security facility by integrating elements of
security into the architecture of the building in order to maintain the dignity and
reverence associated with a house of worship.
1) Opaque Elements at Ground Level: Use materials that give the impression
of strength to discourage opportunistic attempts at intrusion.
2) Glazed Elements at entries at Ground Level: Where appropriate, provide
open view to foyers and corridors to enhance view into the interior and
discourage intrusion.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of proposed methods of meeting security requirements.
Page 2 of 7 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A
2) Identification of materials to be used, the physical properties that
accomplish the security requirements, and details of anchorage to the
structure.
3) Proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up materials used to comply with
security requirements; construction details.
D. Structure:
1. Structural Function:
a. The structure will be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury to
occupants due to loading of a structural element or system, consistent with the
design performance levels in requirement c below.
b. The structure will be designed and constructed to prevent loss of property and
amenity, consistent with the design performance levels in requirement c below.
c. Design Performance Levels: The structure will be designed for the following
maximum levels of damage for the specified magnitude of design events:
1) Mild impact for the small (frequent) event
2) Mild impact for the medium (less frequent) event
3) Moderate impact for the large (rare) event
4) High impact for the very large (very rare) event
d. Impact Definitions:
1) Mild Impact
a) There is no structural damage and the building is safe to occupy.
b) Nonstructural systems needed for normal building use and emergency
operations are fully operational.
c) Injuries to building occupants are minimal in number and minor in
nature. There is a very low likelihood of single- or multiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents is minimal in extent and minor in cost.
2) Moderate Impact
a) There is moderate structural damage, which is repairable; some delay
in reoccupancy can be expected.
b) Nonstructural systems needed for normal building use are fully
operational, although some cleanup and repair may be needed.
Emergency systems remain fully operational.
c) Injuries to building occupants may be locally significant, but generally
moderate in number and nature. There is a low likelihood of single-
life loss and a very low likelihood of multiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents may be locally significant, but generally
moderate in extent and cost.
3) High Impact
a) There is significant damage to structural elements but no large falling
debris; repair is possible. Significant delays in reoccupancy can be
expected.
b) Nonstructural systems needed for normal building use are significantly
damaged and inoperable; egress routes may be impaired by light
debris; emergency systems may be significantly damaged but remain
operational.
A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 3 of 7
c) Injuries to building occupants may be locally significant with a high
risk to life, but are generally moderate in number and nature. There is
a moderate likelihood of single-life loss, with a low probability of
multiple-life loss.
d) Damage to building contents may be locally total and generally
significant.
2. Structural Performance:
a. The structure, or portions thereof, will remain stable and not collapse during
construction or alteration and throughout its life.
b. The structure will be designed to sustain local damage. The structural system as
a whole will remain stable and not be damaged to an extent disproportionate to
the original local damage.
c. The structure, or portions thereof, will have a low probability of causing
damage or loss of amenity through excessive deformation, vibration, or
degradation during construction or alteration and throughout its life.
d. The structure, or portions thereof, will be designed and constructed taking into
account all expected loads, and combination of loads, associated with the
event(s) magnitude(s) that would affect their performance, but not limited to:
1) Dead loads
2) Live loads
3) Impact loads
4) Explosion loads
5) Soil and hydrostatic pressure loads
6) Flood loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 20 years
b) Medium: 50 years
c) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 500 years
7) Wind loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 50 years
b) Medium: 75 years
c) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 125 years
8) Wind-borne debris loads
9) Snow loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 25 years
b) Medium: 30 years
c) Large: 50 years
d) Very Large: 100 years
10) Rain loads
11) Earthquake loads (mean return period)
a) Small: 25 years
b) Medium: 72 years
c) Large: 475 years
d) Very Large: 2,475 years
Page 4 of 7 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A
12) Ice loads, atmospheric icing (mean return period)
a) Small: 25 years
b) Medium: 50 years
c) Large: 100 years
d) Very Large: 200 years
13) Hail loads
14) Thermal loads
e. The design of the building structure will consider appropriate factors of safety
to provide adequate performance from:
1) Effects of uncertainties resulting from construction activities.
2) Variation in the properties of materials and the characteristics of the site.
3) Accuracy limitations inherent in the methods used to predict the stability of
the building.
4) Self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of the
substructure and from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature,
moisture, shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.
f. The demolition or alteration of the building structure will be carried out in a
way that avoids the likelihood of premature collapse.
g. Site work will be carried out to provide stability for construction on the site and
to avoid the likelihood of damage to adjacent property.
3. Verification:
a. Geotechnical and soils investigation report prepared by a licensed geotechnical
and soils engineer.
b. Detailed design criteria, calculations, drawings, and specifications prepared by a
licensed structural engineer.
E. Durability:
1. Service Life Span:
a. Same as building service life, except as follows:
1) Load-Bearing Structural Members: Minimum 50 years.
a) No anticipated deterioration when protected as constructed.
2) Protective Elements: Minimum 25 years.
3) Wall Primary Weather-Barrier Elements: Minimum 50 years functional
and aesthetic service life, excluding joint sealers.
4) Joint Sealers: Minimum 20 years before replacement.
5) Surfaces Exposed to View: Minimum 20 years aesthetic service life; in
addition, deterioration includes color fading, crazing, and delamination of
applied coatings.
6) Roof Covering Weather Barriers: Minimum 20 years, fully functional.
2. Water Penetration:
a. The construction will prevent water penetration into the interior of shell
assemblies and into the interior of the building. The area is to set the criteria to
which the meetinghouse must adhere with regard to wind-driven rain entrance
into the facility.
b. Verification: In addition to requirements specified for proven-in-use and
proven-by-mock-up construction, drawings showing paths of water movement,
with particular attention to changes in direction or orientation and joints
between different assemblies.
A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 5 of 7
3. Weather Resistance:
a. The construction will minimize deterioration due to precipitation, sunlight,
ozone, normal temperature changes, salt air, and atmospheric pollutants.
1) Deterioration includes corrosion, shrinking, cracking, spalling,
delamination, abnormal oxidation, decay, and rot.
2) Surfaces Exposed to View: Deterioration adversely affecting aesthetic life
span includes color fading, crazing, and delamination of applied coatings.
3) Joint Components and Penetration Seals: Capable of resisting expected
thermal expansion and contraction; use overlapping joints that shed water
wherever possible.
4) Freeze-Thaw Resistance: Adequate for the climate of the meetinghouse
location.
5) Corrosion Resistance: In locations exposed to the outdoor air or in
potential contact with moisture inside shell assemblies, the construction
will use only corrosion-resistant metals.
6) Ozone Resistance: Do not use materials that are adversely affected by
ozone.
b. Verification:
1) Details of proven-in-use materials and test reports.
4. Moisture Resistance of Load-Bearing Members:
a. The superstructure will use materials that are not damaged by contact with
water or moisture vapor.
5. Moisture Vapor Transmission:
a. The construction will prevent deterioration of materials due to condensation of
moisture vapor inside assemblies.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of building elements providing moisture barrier, materials to
be used, and data showing performance.
2) Proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up data.
6. Vermin Protection:
a. The construction will provide permanent protection against infestation by
termites, insects, and other vermin. The construction will not use materials that
are attractive to or edible by animals or birds.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of major termite- and animal-resistant assemblies,
nonhazardous chemical treatments, and ventilation features intended for
protection against termites and other vermin.
2) Details of proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up design.
3) Field inspection to verify the absence of termites and other vermin.
7. Wear Resistance:
a. The construction will provide resistance to normal wear and tear, including
windblown sand, acid rain, salt water, and on surfaces within reach of
pedestrians (degradation from rubbing and scratching).
b. Verification:
1) Identification of building elements required to resist wear, quantification of
wear criteria, and materials to be used.
2) Proven-in-use or proven-by-mock-up data.
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A&E-WAM-0012 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 7 of 7
8. Ambient Temperature Change:
a. Allow for daily expansion and contraction within and between elements caused
by temperature range from the most extreme low temperature to 39 degrees C
(70 degrees F) greater than the most extreme high temperature, in any year,
without causing detrimental effect to components and anchorage.
F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Cleanliness of Exterior Surfaces:
a. The shell will be constructed to:
1) Prevent attraction and adherence of dust and airborne dirt and soot, and
minimize the appearance of settled dust and dirt.
2) Be washed reasonably clean by normal precipitation.
3) Prevent precipitation from washing settled dust and dirt over surfaces
exposed to view.
Chapter B3
Roofing
Performance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide a weatherproof enclosure over the entire top side
of the building that keep out vandals, animals, and insects without requiring
specific action by occupants. The enclosure will shed water and prevent
uncontrolled water infiltration, withstand anticipated loading conditions, and
provide required access.
2. Roofing Elements:
a. Roof Coverings: Weather barriers, vapor retarders, insulation, wearing
surfaces, water collectors and conductors; including coverings over plaza decks,
balconies, and other exposed floors.
b. Roof Openings: Ventilation openings, access openings, and other roof-opening
elements.
c. Roof Fixtures: All elements attached to the roof, unless equipment or services.
3. Verification:
a. Post-Construction: Roof inspection conducted in the first spring after
completion of roofing, after chance of snow has passed or as deemed
appropriate.
b. Post-Construction: Roof inspection conducted after the first annual weather
cycle after completion of roofing.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Runoff:
a. The construction will direct water runoff away from foundations in a way that
avoids back splashing onto building components or ponding against foundation
walls.
2. Noise of Precipitation:
a. The construction will use materials that dampen the sound of precipitation on
the roof to maintain acceptable interior ambient sound levels.
C. Durability:
1. Weather Resistance:
a. The construction will provide weather-exposed roof coverings and other
components that comply with weather resistance specified in Chapter B Shell.
b. Ice: Roofing elements will be designed to avoid damage due to ice formation
and buildup on roofing and in water conductors.
c. Wind: Roofing elements will be designed to resist wind damage.
2. Wear Resistance:
a. Surfaces Subject Only to Maintenance Foot Traffic: Not punctured by ordinary
materials or tools when stepped on.
A&E-WAM-0013 Rev.A Date: 08/31/01 Page 1 of 1
Chapter D
Services
Performance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide services necessary for the proper function of the
meetinghouse, utilizing systems that may consist of:
1) Elevators: Mechanized means of conveying people and goods when
required.
2) Water and Drainage: Means of delivery of water to points of utilization;
automatic heating of domestic water; and unattended removal of water,
rainwater, surface water, and liquid waste.
3) HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning): Artificial means of
maintaining interior space comfort and air quality, including heating,
cooling, ventilation, and energy supply, as appropriate, for active climate
control designs.
4) Electrical Power: Energy to operate all electrically operated devices.
5) Artificial Lighting: Means of illuminating spaces and tasks, both interior
and exterior, independent of reliance on natural light.
6) Telecommunications: Services that include voice and data transmission,
sound reinforcement, and satellite.
2. Verification:
a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in
process of construction by Area FM personnel and licensed professionals, to
confirm compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification
notes contained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying
verification techniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Sound Reinforcement:
a. The construction will provide sound reinforcement systems in large assembly
spaces so that occupants can hear and understand all of the worship services,
including music and speech. The system will amplify speech to a level that
allows listeners to hear and understand the services when: a speaker speaks
softly or unclearly; a listener has impaired hearing; or a high level of
background noise is present. The sound reinforcement system will be easy to
operate with only minimal attention required by priesthood leaders (see Chapter
D72, "Sound Reinforcement").
2. Sound - Airborne:
a. The construction will maintain the sound transmission characteristics of
assemblies through which services must pass.
b. Prohibited Plumbing Noises: All sounds of flushing and of liquid running
through pipes ("bathroom sounds") should not be audible outside of toilet rooms
when doors to those rooms are closed.
c. Equipment Noises: Provide and locate equipment that will maintain noise
levels below objectionable levels based on occupancy of spaces.
A&E-WAM-0017 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 1 of 4
3. Sound and Vibration:
a. The construction will prevent transmission of perceptible sound and vibration
from services equipment that rotates, vibrates, or generates sound, by isolating
such equipment from superstructure or by isolating equipment support
foundations from building foundations.
b. Verification:
1) Measurement of sound transmitted through the structure during functional
performance testing and during full operation of all systems.
4. Equipment Producing By-Product Heat:
a. The construction will provide ventilation for housings and cabinets as required
by the equipment manufacturer and rooms and spaces as required to maintain
specified environmental conditions.
5. Odor Control:
a. The construction will eliminate, isolate, or exhaust odors produced by occupant
functions and building services.
6. Appearance:
a. The construction will conceal services elements from view to the greatest extent
possible, with exposed portions of simple, neutral design and color.
C. Health and Safety:
1. General:
a. All services and service-related components are to promote and safeguard the
health and safety of building occupants. Equipment used in the construction is
to be certified for safety by reputable testing institutions.
2. Lightning Hazard:
a. The construction will minimize damage to the structure, services, and contents
due to lightning strikes.
1) Provide lightning protection for the meetinghouse steeple. Include
additional protection for the facility based on local requirements and
industry best practice. Conceal the system within the building whenever
possible.
b. Verification: Continuity tests for grounding conductors, equipotential bonding
of other systems, and ground terminals; ground resistance test for each ground
terminal, or the equivalent, taking into account related grounding systems.
D. Structure:
1. Structural Performance:
a. Supports for piping, conduit, ducts, equipment, and components are to be
attached to, and supported by, the superstructure so that they do not move or sag
when subjected to dead, live, and environmental loads. They are not to be
attached to or supported by nonstructural construction or sheet metal elements.
b. Verification:
1) Detailed design criteria, calculations, drawings, and specifications prepared
by a licensed structural engineer.
Page 2 of 4 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0017 Rev A
E. Durability:
1. Expected Service Life Span:
a. The same as the service life of the building, except as follows:
1) Ducts, piping, and wiring in all services: Same as the service life of the
building.
2) All components permanently installed underground or encased in concrete:
Same as service life of building.
3) Elevators: Minimum 20 years.
4) Plumbing:
a) Plumbing fixtures: Same as building service life.
b) Sink faucets, but not other fittings: Minimum 10 years.
5) HVAC:
a) Dampers, louvers, registers, grilles: Same as the service life of
building.
b) Main heat generation and cooling equipment: Minimum 20 years.
6) Electrical:
a) Power distribution equipment: Same as the building service life.
7) Lighting fixtures: Minimum 20 years.
8) Telecommunications systems: Minimum 10 years.
2. Weather Resistance:
a. All service-related components of the construction exposed to outdoor
environment will be resistant to deterioration or be protected by elements that
are resistant to deterioration. The construction will prevent freezing of liquid
storage and distribution components during the longest duration of anticipated
low temperatures. Equipment will be designed to endure temperature and
humidity and to resist damage due to expansion and contraction.
3. Condensation:
a. The construction will provide drain pans and piping to remove condensation
from all equipment where condensation is created.
4. Corrosion Prevention:
a. Corrosion will be prevented by using corrosion-resistant materials, preventing
galvanic action, preventing contact between metals and concrete and masonry,
and preventing condensation on metals.
F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Energy Efficiency:
a. The construction will minimize energy consumption while providing function,
amenity, and comfort.
b. Verification:
1) Detailed listing of design criteria and design analysis showing compliance,
prepared by a licensed mechanical engineer.
2. Ease of Access:
a. All mechanical and electrical equipment, valves, and other control devices will
be located to allow for easy access, will be accessible through access doors
through walls or fixed ceilings, and will provide adequate space around
equipment for working clearances and access routes required for maintenance,
repair, or replacement of equipment.
A&E-WAM-0017 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 3 of 4
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3. Ease of Cleaning:
a. Equipment mountings will be designed to allow easy cleaning around and under
equipment, without crevices, cracks, and concealed spaces where dirt and grease
can accumulate.
4. Ease of Repair:
a. The construction will provide a means of isolating portions of systems where
possible, so that small portions may be shut down, leaving the remainder in
operation.
5. Ease of Equipment Removal:
a. The construction will provide doors and corridors large enough for the removal
of major pieces of equipment such as chillers, and boilers.
b. Verification:
1) Construction documents: Indicate the sizes of doors and corridors used for
removal of equipment. Indicate equipment sizes.
Chapter D72
Sound Reinforcement
Performance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide sufficient sound reinforcement to provide clear,
audible sound to persons with normal and slightly impaired hearing in the
following spaces:
1) Chapel:
a) Reinforcement of speech by untrained speakers at the pulpit, sacrament
table, rostrum, and in the congregation
b) Reinforcement of vocal soloists at moderate volume levels
c) Playback of electronic organ or keyboard when adequate loudspeakers
are not included with the instrument
d) Playback of satellite audio in buildings so equipped
2) Cultural Halls:
a) Playback of sound originating in the chapel when the rooms are
combined
b) Reinforcement of simple music and dramatic events
c) Playback of recorded material for dances, exercise, and so on, at
moderate volume levels
d) Augmentation of the chapel organ when the rooms are combined
3) Space designated for Relief Society use:
a) Single microphone input for a pulpit microphone, hand microphone, or
lapel microphone
b) Overflow audio from the chapel system
4) Space designated for Primary assemblies: (The sound system is primarily a
teaching tool for children to learn how to use a microphone.)
a) Single microphone input for a pulpit microphone or hand microphone
b) Overflow audio from the chapel system
5) Foyers, mothers' room, other assembly teaching areas, and high council
room:
a) Sound from the chapel system or from the cultural hall system when
the chapel system is on.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Ease of Operation:
a. The sound reinforcement system will be designed to perform its function
unobtrusively, without interruption, and automatically without attention by the
users. Users will need only to turn the power on and off and, where applicable,
select the satellite playback mode and adjust the volume. In meetinghouses
with permanent rostrums, controls will be located convenient to the leadership
when seated on the rostrum.
b. The individual volume controls will be preset in small meetinghouses (130-170
chapel capacities) or will be automatically set in large meetinghouses (230 or
more chapel capacities). Manual control will not be required but will be
provided for overriding the preset and automatic levels if desired.
A&E-WAM-0024 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 1 of 4
c. In large meetinghouses with operable partitions, the system configuration may
be set automatically by reading the status (open or closed) of the partitions.
2. Accessibility:
a. Systems will comply with requirements of local codes for facilities for the
disabled.
3. Intelligibility:
a. The system will provide electro-acoustical equipment with the following
characteristics:
1) Pulpit microphone:
a) Easily adjusted to the proper height by inexperienced users
b) Clear, natural sounding, without pops or exaggerated bass
c) Directional pickup to maximize pickup of speaker while rejecting
noise and feedback
2) General-purpose microphone for hand or floor stand use:
a) Dynamic element, requiring no battery or phantom power
b) Same characteristics as pulpit microphone
3) Sacrament table microphone (for permanently mounted tables):
a) Operable cover with printed sacrament prayers
b) Automatic turn-on and turn-off when cover is operated
c) Same characteristics as the pulpit microphone
4) Loudspeakers with 70-volt or 100-volt line transformers:
a) Minimum frequency response 40Hz-12Khz, +/-2dB on axis
b) No more than 6dB down at 4 KHz, 30 degrees off axis
c) Power rating 16 watts
d) Sensitivity 98 dB @ 1 watt/1meter
e) Sealed enclosure of at least 0.5 cubic feet (back box)
f) Power taps selectable between watt to 8 watts in 3 dB steps
5) Loudspeaker layout:
a) Speakers placed so that each listener, including those on the rostrum, is
within 30 degrees of a loudspeaker
b) Select power taps and power amplifier capacity to provide at least 85
dBA SPL of normal program material with no audible distortion
(typically 4 to 8 watts). Select taps to compensate for varying
loudspeaker distances (ceiling heights) to achieve seat-to-seat variation
of less than +/- 3 dB at the 4 KHz octave band.
b. The system will provide electronic equipment for small meetinghouses (130 and
170 chapel capacities) with the following characteristics:
1) Meets industry standards for frequency response, noise, distortion, and so
on.
2) Integrated mixer-amplifier
3) Modular inputs for at least four balanced microphones and two balanced
line level inputs:
a) Pulpit microphone
b) Sacrament table microphone
c) Organ or keyboard input
d) Satellite input
4) Remote-controllable master volume
5) 120 watts minimum with additional booster units where required by the
number of loudspeakers. Allow 10% reserve power above that required for
Page 2 of 4 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0024 Rev A
total loudspeaker load.
6) Installed in a library or secure room (vault) with external power switch and
master volume control near pulpit.
7) Equalization by integrated or modular equalizer. Minimum 15 parametric
EQ bands, with Q variable between 2 and 40
c. The system will provide electronic equipment for large meetinghouses (230
chapel capacity or more) with the following characteristics:
1) Meets or exceeds industry standards for frequency response, noise,
distortion, etc.
2) Power amplifiers are separate from mixing, processing, and equalization
equipment.
3) Sufficient power capacity for total loudspeaker load plus 10% reserve
4) Inputs:
a) Pulpit microphone with phantom power
b) Sacrament table with phantom power
c) Two hand microphones in the chapel
d) Satellite input and cassette input (may be shared with appropriate
switching)
e) Three separate microphone inputs in the cultural hall
5) Outputs:
a) Chapel
b) Chapel overflow zone
c) Assembly teaching areas
d) Assisted listening
e) Perimeter (foyer, etc.)
6) The chapel mixer will operate with preset volume controls with only a
master volume control at the rostrum. The mixer will automatically adjust
the input gains for maximum gain according to the number of microphones
in use.
7) The chapel mixer will have an automatic leveling circuit that adjusts the
gain so soft and loud speakers have equal volume. Variations of short
duration will be allowed to provide dynamic range for emphasis and
dramatic effect.
8) The cultural center system will function automatically at preset levels or
may be switched by the users for manual operation and adjusted with
individual manual volume controls.
9) The system will automatically configure itself for the event at hand, based
on what operable partitions are opened. No user-operated switches are
required to turn speakers on or off in a particular zone.
10) The system will be easily configured for a satellite broadcast with a single
push button and satellite volume control.
11) The system will automatically restore itself from satellite or manual
operation to the automatic mode after cycling the power switch.
12) The system will have narrow and broad band equalization to compensate
for loudspeaker response anomalies, reverberation, and certain adverse
acoustical conditions. The equalization will maximize intelligibility and
gain before feedback. The tuning of the equalizers should be performed by
a qualified acoustician.
13) All settings and parameters of the mixing and signal processing equipment
will be set by computer and protected from tampering by password.
A&E-WAM-0024 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 3 of 4
Page 4 of 4 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0024 Rev A
Provisions will be made for cloning a replacement in the event of
catastrophic failure. A modem will permit remote system diagnosis and
minor adjustments.
d. Verification:
1) Design validation by computer modeling with EASE or JBL CADP.
2) Completed system function validation by TEF or SMAART measurements
by a qualified acoustician:
a) Intelligibility: ALcons <7%
b) Seat-to-seat variation of direct energy at the octave band centered at 4
kHz: less than +/- 2 dB
c) Hum, noise, and distortion will be inaudible
3) Without instrumentation: System operation is validated by listening to
unfamiliar material spoken softly at the pulpit during an actual meeting or
with artificial background simulating actual conditions. The quality,
naturalness, and clarity of the amplified sound should be evaluated. The
listener should evaluate the intelligibility as would a person with slightly
diminished hearing ability.
C. Durability:
1. Equipment Reliability:
a. The system will use equipment with proven reliability produced by a long-
established, reputable manufacturer.
2. Moisture Resistance and Thermal Compatibility:
a. The system will utilize materials that will resist degradation and failure of
signals under ambient conditions expected.

Chapter G
Sitework
Performance
A. Basic Function:
1. Objective:
a. The construction will provide all modifications to the site, site improvements, and
utilities required for proper functioning of the meetinghouse. The construction will
fit the meetinghouse and site activities to the topography, soils, and existing
vegetation as deemed prudent.
2. Image:
a. The finished meetinghouse site is to portray an image of dignity and reverence.
Site finishes and landscaping are to complement and accent the meetinghouse
design as appropriate.
3. Level of Quality:
a. A meetinghouse site is to be finished and landscaped at a level of quality that is at
or slightly above the level to which the sites of other public and institutional
facilities in the community are finished, provided that the level of finish is
appropriate for a house of worship and avoids an appearance of opulence.
4. Sitework Elements:
a. Sitework is composed of the following elements:
1) Site Preparation: All modifications to the site and grades required for
construction of new work and for proper functioning of the meetinghouse
2) Site Improvements: All elements required to provide finished and durable site
surfaces and outdoor improvements, including landscaping
3) Site Services: All outdoor and underground elements required to complete the
design of services defined in Chapter D, "Services".
5. Verification:
a. Verification is achieved by evaluation of completed projects and projects in process
of construction by area FM personnel and licensed professionals to confirm
compliance with detailed performance criteria. Detailed verification notes
contained in this chapter are to assist area personnel in identifying verification
techniques for specific requirements.
B. Amenity and Comfort:
1. Acoustical Performance:
a. The construction will provide solid barriers (walls or berms) that reduce the
passage of sound between the site and adjacent properties and public rights-of-way
as needed to enhance building acoustic performance while maintaining
meetinghouse appearance requirements.
A&E-WAM-0028 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 1 of 3
2. Appearance:
a. The construction will have finished surfaces which are smooth and uniform in
appearance without depressions that collect water.
1) The construction will conceal the following from view:
a) Trash collection and storage areas
b) Utility yards
b. Verification:
1) Site plans showing methods of achieving appearance requirements; renderings
or sketches showing principal views.
C. Health and Safety:
1. Physical Security:
a. The construction will provide the necessary features to provide a secure site as
dictated by local circumstances. When provided, site security elements are not to
detract from the image of dignity and reverence the site is to portray.
D. Structure:
1. Earthwork Bearing Capacity:
a. Under substructure, paving, and site structural elements, maintain natural bearing
capacity or achieve or correct compaction as required to prevent uncontrolled
subsidence (settlement) or other movement.
2. Site Fixtures, Equipment, and Services:
a. The construction will provide foundations or other mountings as required to
support the completed and operational elements permanently, safely, and without
uncontrolled subsidence or other movement.
3. Verification:
a. Geotechnical and soils investigation report prepared by a licensed geotechnical and
soils engineer.
b. Detailed design criteria, calculations, drawings, and specifications prepared by a
licensed structural engineer
E. Durability:
1. Soil Erosion Resistance:
a. The construction will comply with the following:
1) The construction will maintain the existing site features that contribute to
erosion resistance to the greatest extent possible.
2) The construction will include measures to prevent soil erosion.
2. Flooding:
a. Meetinghouses will be placed at a level that will allow storm water to naturally
drain away from the building.
b. Storm water runoff will be controlled as required to prevent damage to project
elements, including vegetation, and to prevent damage to neighboring sites.
c. Verification:
1) Engineering design of site drainage, including drainage volume calculations.
Page 2 of 3 Date: 08/31/01 A&E-WAM-0028 Rev A

A&E-WAM-0028 Rev A Date: 08/31/01 Page 3 of 3
F. Operation and Maintenance:
1. Cleanliness of Exterior Surfaces:
a. The construction will provide above-grade elements, fixtures, and equipment that:
1) Prevent the attraction and adherence of dust and airborne dirt and soot and
minimize the appearance of settled dust and dirt.
2) Are washed reasonably clean by normal precipitation.
2. Ease of Maintenance:
a. Snow Removal: Where required by the climate, the construction will facilitate the
removal of snow from vehicular and pedestrian trafficways.
b. Verification:
1) Identification of vehicular and pedestrian traffic surfaces and anticipated
methods of snow removal.
Design Criteria
- Speech of untrained speakers
- Basic music - vocals 8 organ
- Satellite Broadcasts
The sound system will provide sufficient
sound reinforcement to provide clear, audible
sound for:
Design Criteria
- Room Acoustics
- Background Noise
- Sound reinforcement system
!n order for speech communication to be
effective, three areas need to be considered:
Reverberant Energy
f any of you lack wisdom
Reverberant Energy
f any of you lack wisdom
f any of you lack wisdom
Reverberant Energy
f any of you lack wisdom !f any of you lack wisdom !f any of you lack wisdom
Reducing Reverberation
- Avoid parallel walls separated by more
than +0' (12 meters).
Slope or splay walls slightly, or
Use diffusion (not absorptive) panels.
- Acoustical tile should always be used in
class rooms and cultural center.
Chapel Acoustics
- Additional absorption in chapel undesirable
- Carpet, padded pews, congregation already
provides absorption
- How to get rid of flutter echo
Chapel Acoustics
-Directs sounds from congregation back to
congregation so that the sounds are absorbed
-Enhances congregational singing because they can
hear themselves
Acoustical Tile Hints
- 1. NRC of >.60. The Noise Reduction Coefficient is the
average of the sound absorption coefficients in the
speech portion of the audio band. Essentially, .60"
means 60 of the sound in the speech frequencies is
absorbed.
- 2. For humid climates
A. Tile should be moisture resistant
B. Use smaller sections of tile to prevent sagging
Use 2' x 2' (60 cm x 60 cm) Not 2'x+' (60 cm x 120 cm)
Reverberation Requirements and
Neasurements
- Reverberation time
Small chapels: RT-60 < 1.0 sec. (RT-60 is the
amount of time it takes a sound to decay 60
dB.)
Large chapels and cultural centers (Kirtland -
Legacy): RT-60 = 1.0 to 1.3 seconds
- The decay should be smooth without audible
slap echo (single return) or flutter echo (multiple
returns that are distinguishable).
- Neasurements should be done by a qualified
acoustician
Diffusion panels may be used to
reduce reverberation time in Chapels
Absorption Panels Nay be added in
cultural center to reduce reverberation.
1. Sisal wrapped
2. Tectum or Ouash
3. High density 2"
insulation.
Nounted at ear level.
Noise Reduction
- Prevent distraction
- Encourage reverence
People tend to speak louder as the
surrounding noise level increases.
- Noise begets noise....
The construction will provide means by
The construction will provide means by
which exterior and interior noises are
which exterior and interior noises are
minimized, including nearby streets and
minimized, including nearby streets and
mechanical noise.
mechanical noise.
Noise Paths
Neighborhood Noise
- Consider noise when selecting property.
- Building orientation - location of windows.
- vegetation is NOT an effective noise barrier.
Reducing Noise Produced by the
Congregation
- Carpeted floor reduces footfall noise
- Permanent benches
- Acoustical tile where needed
- Loudspeaker in foyer
Nechanical System Noise
- The mechanical engineer should design for NC-
25 (Noise Criterion) for chapel, cultural center
and offices. Final noise never to exceed NC-35.
Design for NC-30 for other areas.
- Always consider equipment location.
- Sounds of flushing and liquid running through
pipes should not be audible outside of toilet
rooms when doors are closed.
Air Conditioning, Central Heating, and
Air Conditioning, Central Heating, and
Plumbing
Plumbing
Heating 8 Air Conditioning
Noise Reduction
- Reducing noise prevents distractions and
encourages reverence. People tend to speak
louder as surrounding noise levels increases
- !nsulated Ducts (duct liner)
- Lowering fan speed 10 reduces noise by 50
- !solating Heating Units to reduce structure-
bourn noise.
- vibration isolators
- Flex conduit
- Flexible duct connection
Heating Unit Noise Reduction
Flexible Duct Connection
Solid connection across
flex duct - bad!
Hard conduit across flex duct -
bad!
Heating Unit Noise Reduction
vibration !solators
Bolt rubbing
against side -
ineffective
Good isolator - spring isolates
low frequencies and neoprene
isolates high frequency noise
Rotating equipment must
have vibration isolators.
Verify isolation springs are not bottomed outl Verify isolation springs are not bottomed outl
Fan Noise Reduction
- Do not operate at maximum speed.
- Hint: Lowering the fan speed even 10
to 20 reduces the noise level by half.
Noise Prevention
Sound travels through ducts
Sound travels through ducts
Room 1
Room 2
Wall
Duct
Ceiling
Noise Prevention
Use lined ducts on the !NS!DE
Use lined ducts on the !NS!DE
-
-
not the outside
not the outside
90
90

bends (with turning vanes) help reduce

bends (with turning vanes) help reduce
noise
noise
Ceiling
Wall
Room 1 Room 2
Lined ducts
Flanking
Roof Deck
Lay-in Ceiling
Wall
Noisy Room
Ouiet Room
Adding fiber glass insulation will not
help isolation!
Noise Prevention
Ceiling
Wall
To avoid
To avoid

Flanking
Flanking
"
"
extend wall to deck above
extend wall to deck above
Use acoustical caulking (non hardening)
on any pipes going through wall
Noisy room
Quiet room
Office Speech Privacy
- Walls should be designed to prevent noise from
penetrating
- Duct work should be properly installed
- Doors should have smoke seals and thresholds -
!f you can see light around the door, the sound
will get out"
- Nasking system should be added to outside of
office.
Bishop's 8 Clerk's Office
Privacy
Offset studs with layer of
gypsum board 8 sound
deadening board on each side
Ceiling insulation
Bishop's 8 Clerk's Office Privacy
Door Seals and Nasking System
!f you can see light, the sound will get through."
Sound Reinforcement
- Reinforcement of untrained speakers at
pulpit, sacrament table, rostrum and
congregations.
- Reinforcement of vocal soloists
- Playback of electronic organ or keyboard
if needed
- Playback of satellite audio
- Easy to operate
Nicrophones
- Easily adjusted to the
proper height by
inexperienced users
- Clear natural sounding,
without pops or
exaggerated bass
- Direction pickup to
maximize pickup of
speaker while rejecting
noise and feedback
Pulpit Microphone
Pulpit Microphone
Pulpit Nicrophone
Works best if it is around
+"-6" (10-15 cm) from
talker's mouth.
Do not install the pulpit
Do not install the pulpit
mic
mic
at the side. The
at the side. The
person will be speaking off
person will be speaking off
-
-
axis.
axis.
The two signals interfere with each other. The two signals interfere with each other.
Never install
Never install
two
two
microphones
microphones
Portable microphones
- Ordinances
- Translation
- Testimony bearing
- Stage Use
- Special programs
- Two for each building
- Floor stand
Performance specifications
- Dynamic (not condenser)
- Cardioid (not omnidirectional)
- Natural sounding
- Ninimal Proximity Effect
- Low Handling Noise
- Pop protection
Hand Held Nicrophone
Hand Held Nicrophone
Primary Room Nicrophone
- Removable
- Good sound quality
- Good shock mount
- Excellent pop
protection
- Note: gooseneck
requires yearly
maintenance (silicone
spray)
- Electro-voice Nodel
690
Hands - Free Nicrophone
A lapel
A lapel
microphone
microphone
may be used
may be used
for hands
for hands
-
-
free
free
operation.
operation.
- High initial cost ---5 to 10 times the cost of a wired
microphone
- High maintenance cost - fragile, batteries must be
managed and replaced
- !nterference problems
Wireless Microphones are not authorized
Wireless Microphones are not authorized
Chapel Sound System
Assistive Listening Receiver, Tape Recorder, and
Sacrament Nicrophone
Nicrophone automatically turns
on when opened. Tape
recorder records only. !vie !N-
10 or Rane RN1
Two multi-channel receivers
given to each unit. Nore
available as needed. ALS sign
mounted
EJ-8 Multi nput Device
Loudspeakers
- Ninimum frequency response +0 Hz-12KHz
- 60 degree dispersion
- Ninimum power rating - 16 watts
- Ninimum Sensitivity - 92 dB @ 1 watt/1 meter
- Selectable power taps - watt to 8 watts
- Set taps to produce at least 85 dBA SPL using
program material with no distortion
- Use coaxial speaker (tweeter and woofer)
Performance specifications
Performance specifications
Loudspeaker Systems To Neet
Performance Criterion
- Distributed loudspeakers
Recommended for the most buildings
- Line Array
Used only with steeply pitched ceilings
Not used in LDS meetinghouses
- Column speakers
- Central Cluster
To be understood, the direct sound must be
To be understood, the direct sound must be
louder than the reflected sound and louder
louder than the reflected sound and louder
than the background noise.
than the background noise.
Si alguno de vosotros tiene falta
Si alguno de vosotros tiene falta
Si alguno de vosotros tiene falta
Si alguno de vosotros tiene falta If any of you Iack wisdom
Distributed Sound System
Feedback (howling) is not a problem when the coverage is Feedback (howling) is not a problem when the coverage is
uniform throughout the chapel. uniform throughout the chapel.
Every person should be seated within the 60
Every person should be seated within the 60

cone
cone
of coverage.
of coverage.
Distributed Sounds System
Every person should be seated within the
60 cone of coverage.
60
60
Speakers
Smaller diameter = Wider pattern
+"
6" or 8"
15"
Ceiling Height Determines Size of
the Speaker Footprint
Line Array
Line Array
Ceiling is >30 degrees
Ceiling is >30 degrees
Line Array Speaker Spacing
Advantages of using a /0-volt
system over a 8-ohm (low
impedance) system include:
- Nuch smaller wire size required - lower cost
- Easier to balance speakers
- Speakers may be added or removed without
major wiring changes
- A speaker can fail without effecting other
speakers
Central Cluster
Not practical because of low ceiling
Column Speakers
Not to be used in meetinghouses
Adding more column speakers to the side walls only adds Adding more column speakers to the side walls only adds
multiple sources of sound which will not work. multiple sources of sound which will not work.
Electronics
- Use integrated mixer amp
- !nputs for pulpit, sacrament table, hand-held mic, organ,
8 satellite
- Remote controllable master volume and power on/off
- 120-watt minimum -allow 10 reserve power
- /0 or 100-volt output
- Balanced inputs
- Phantom power
- Nark settings
- !nstall in a secure room
For small meeting houses
For small meeting houses
-
-
130 to 1/0
130 to 1/0
Additional Electronics
- Equalizer
-Compensates for loudspeaker anomalies -
smoothes out the frequency response, reduces
feedback frequencies and removes frequencies
unique to the room.
-Nust be performed by a qualified consultant or not
used at all.
-Nust be protected against tampering by using
password.
Electronics
- Digital signal processor for automatic
mixing, equalization, system
configuration of chapel and cultural
center
- Ninimum of eight inputs for chapel and
cultural center
- Separate power amplifiers
- Outputs for chapel, overflow areas,
perimeter, and cultural center
- Simple remote controls
- Set up using computer by qualified
consultant
- Password protected
Larger meetinghouses
Larger meetinghouses
-
-
greater than 230
greater than 230
capacity
capacity
Chapel Sound System
Controls
Bishop's Control Pulpit Connections
Cultural Center Controls
- -The system is automatically configured The system is automatically configured
correctly when doors are opened. correctly when doors are opened.
- -The leaders are not distracted. The leaders are not distracted.
- -The members hear the services. The members hear the services.
Perimeter Control 8 Nothers
Room
Feed normally comes from chapel but comes from
cultural center if chapel system is off.
Continuous control
to avoid breakage
Satellite System
Choose appropriate dish size for your
area
The dish should not be blocked by enclosures,
The dish should not be blocked by enclosures,
buildings, or trees (current or future).
buildings, or trees (current or future).
Satellite System
- Receiver (s)
- Nodulator (s)
- Nonitor Tv
- vCR - external plug-in
- video Distribution Amps
- Audio Distribution Amps
Preparation for Future System
Install Empty Conduit
osfum
amplifier
Outside
Aff1c
Contractors and
Consultants
Sound Contractors
Who are they?
- Factory trained and authorized dealer
- Has sufficient staff, equipment, tools,
insurance, license, to do the job
- Replacement equipment in stock for
warranty
- Approved by consultant
- Business stability (Essentially
none have gone out of business)
Consultant Approved Sound
Contractors
- Will not substitute - will not suggest
less speakers as an example.
- Understands system and installation.
Have done many of them. Won't be
using your building as a learning site.
- Usually less money because they do
many.
Approved Sound Contractors
- Bid on projects
- Furnish and install the system
- Assist in commissioning
- Provide 1 year warranty
- Repair existing systems out of warranty
- Sound contractors do not design
systems nor change configuration of a
system.
What do they do?
Consultant
Who are they?
- Design professional
- Trained on latest technology
- !ndependent of manufacturer and contractor
- Sophisticated test equipment and training
- Due to quantity and knowledge of Church
systems, costs are greatly reduced.
Consultant
What do they do?
- Scope existing systems
- Engineer the new system
- !nterpret design documents
- !nspect, verify compliance to specification
- Use terrestrial interference study to determine
antenna configuration and location
- !dentifies appropriate sound contractors
- Equalize 8 balance the completed system
- Typically two site visits for remodels and one
site visit for new systems
!nvolving Consultant too Late
- Documents aren't verified
- Haven't been involved in process
- Doesn't save money and actually may
cost more
LH-1 Piano/Organ
Other organs that have automatic hymn playing capability:
1. Johannus WM44-LDS large chapel organ
2. Yamaha P70LDS portable keyboard.