TU110 INTEGRATED HUMANITIES

#3 The Romans

WHAT DO WE OWE TO THE ROMANS?

Most of English today was inuenced from
Latin which was introduced during the Roman civilisation civilisation

First LAW was written during the Roman Education in art and sciences Arches and dome

PERIODS OF PRE-CHRISTIAN ROME

Republic Imperial Rome
Monarchy
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MONARCHY 753 - 509BC

Rome, a city state ruled by kings Plebeians (landowning roman citizens) got wealthy and challenged the aristocrats (considered to be in the HIGHEST SOCIAL CLASS) Etruscans (modern english name for civilisation of ancient italy) ruled Rome around 600BC In 509BC, Aristocrats defeated Etruscans and found a REPUBLIC
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THE REPUBLIC 509 - 31BC

Early Republic Middle Republic Late Republic
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Senate was split into different levels:

THE EARLY REPUBLIC 509 - 264BC

CHIEF MAGISTRATE had executive power,
2 were selected annually to rule the republic nance (money)

MAGISTRATE deals with legal (law) and ASSEMBLIES are elected to make laws
(legislative power) or decision for a particular country (judicial power)
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MORE ON ASSEMBLIES

CURIATE ASSEMBLY are family association that are responsible for writing laws CENTURIATE ASSEMBLY are the most important unit of the assemblies which served as highest court and controlled by landed aristocracy TRIBAL ASSEMBLY were based on 35 tribes. The tribes gathered into the TRIBAL ASSEMBLY for legislative and judicial purpose
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CONTINUED...
By 287BC, plebeians win full rights to
citizenship

Conquered the Italian peninsula: Rome gave

back the POWER to the LOCALS in return of providing SOLDIERS to the Roman army. Roman army made of many parts of Europe

 LAND became the tool of the government Controlling things through the distribution
of land. This made the people feel that they are part of the Roman Empire the HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS soldiers for the Roman army
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MIDDLE REPUBLIC 264 - 133BC

LATE REPUBLIC 133 - 31BC

Rome ruled by ELITE FAMILIES (Patricians) Small farmers pushed off by LANDOWNERS > lived in poverty in Rome > Sell their votes Julius Caesar took over the corrupted Rome and ruled Rome as a DICTATOR Julius Caesar then assassinated in 44BC > CHAOS IN ROME Fortunately, Octavian (Caesars adopted son) restored the Empire
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Series of wars: conquered N.AFRICA and By 264BC, Rome had 150 treaties providing

Governors ruled and collected TAXES Gave hospitality to the people CIVIL WAR 193 - 284AD Invasion, Ination, Plague (disease) ROME ENDED BECAUSE IT GREW TOO
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IMPERIAL ROME 31BC - 284AD

LATE ROME... 284AD - End of WE

Western empire

Emperor Diocletian seizes power in 284AD West - Rome remained capital East - Istanbul is the capital CONSTANTINE became the rst
CHRISTIAN ruler of Rome

FAST, TOO BIG and BECAUSE IT WAS SO SUCCESSFUL

Life in the west became MUCH SIMPLER

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THE ROMAN CIVILISATION

RELIGION LANGUAGE LITERATURE and DRAMA PHILOSOPHY LAW ARCHITECTURE and ART
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RELIGION
Gods from the Greeks are adopted (taken)
and adapted (changed)

Different believes Eventually Christianity ruled the Roman

empire
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LANGUAGE.LITERATURE and DRAMA

Latin spreaded over the Roman world The ideas came from Greek literatures,

PHILOSOPHY
Viewed as dangerous Stoicism - accepting the role in life/society NEO-PLATONISM, taking PLATOs ideas
and tried to make them a reality

slight changes are made and then the story was TRANSLATED into Latin

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LAW
Natural law or natural justice Presumption of innocence in criminal cases
()

ARCHITECTURE and ART

Temples are based on Greek temples Arches are inuenced by the MESOPOTAMIAN architecture Arches allows big construction works like AQUEDUCT and THE COLOSSEUM

MURALS (wall paintings) and MOSAICS (coloured tiles arranged into pictures) can be sighted during the period

Highly developed legal system

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FINALLY...POMPEII 79AD
VOLCANIC ERUPTION in POMPEII People died just how they were last
positioned

Allows the study of what people were

doing at the instance before death EMPIRE

THIS MARKS THE END OF THE ROMAN

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