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F. Espina & R. Alcantara (Technical Writing for Filipino Students)

A pattern that operates like a filling system Ideas are sorted out and relationships between them are established which keeps them together Information having a common feature is organized into certain groups and classes.

CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION

CLASSIFICATION
A process of orderly sorting information into categories making it more convenient for the readers to understand and avoid confusion.

Rules in Classification

1. Make clear what is being classified

define subjects which may not be familiar with the reader

2. Choose and state a single, useful basis or guiding a principle for the classification and stick to it.
- Only one classification at a time should be used - Prevents a mixed classification of species Ex. In classifying roses Color In classifying engines maker, use, speed or number of cylinders

e.x. Renewable and non-renewable resources must be defined first before such matters like cotton, trees, rubber and animals can be can be classified under the former and lead, iron, copper, zinc, gold and mercury can be classified under the latter.

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3. Name all the species according to a given basis.

- Complete classification based on one principle requires LISTING of every known species e.x. classification of dogs include all commonly known breeds

4. Make sure that each species is separate and distinct.

- There must be NO OVERLAPPING e.x. classifying teachers according to their academic rank Instructor Assistant professor Full professor *adding proficient teacher will result in overlapping

5. Help the reader understand the distinction between species.

- Characteristics of sub-classification that is not familiar to the reader must be discussed fully. - requires: > definition of species > description of species > illustration of species

Example of Classification

The Subdivisions of Science

There is properly speaking, only one science, which includes all classified, systemic knowledge. The amount of such knowledge has become so great, however, that it is customary to subdivide it into parts, each of which is called a science. The more important subdivisions of science are the following: abstract sciences, which deal primarily with forms of abstract reasoning mathematics and logic; physical sciences dealing with the phenomena of matter and energy apart from life physics, chemistry, astronomy, mineralogy, geology; biological sciences dealing with the phenomena of living bodies bacteriology, botany, zoology, paleontology; psychological sciences dealing with the phenomena of the mind and of the society psychology, language, history, social science, political economy and ethics.

DIVISION
Division, also called partition, refers to the process of breaking apart or dissecting information into smaller parts that is comprehended easily.

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Example of Partition

It is difficult to describe a typical jeepney as no two are alike. All one can do is describe some typical characteristics. The Front often right on top is a red and white headdress; magniloquent names like Jeepney King, Queen Leah, Superstar, are written on it. Between the visor and the windshield is a plastic strip on which is written the destination, route or main road plied such as Quiapo Expana Extension or Cubao-Divisoria.

The Jeepney

The hood, which is about a meter square, is the special repository of all the creativity of the jeepney decorator: sculpted horses or a forest of other decorations screwed onto the hood. The bumper is not just to ward off bumps, but to hold more artwork. The Side - the side of the jeepney is a painters canvas. In between the chrome strips are different colors, lines, pictures, decorative motifs. There are cloth or crocheted curtains, the jalousies, and plastic awning let down when it rains.

The Back This opening, meant to let passengers through, is a dome structure, suggesting a door. On each side are steel bars to hold onto, as one pulls oneself up and into the jeepney. Here, too, can hang the passengers for whom there is no longer room inside. The Interior first of all, one notices the altar with its image of Our Lady of Perpetual Help, or the Suffering Christ, or St. Christopher. Just below the altar, within easy reach, is the money box. To the right is a stereo casette recorder lustily blaring a Yoyoy Villame song.

The Jeepney

The Jeepney

Between the driver and the passengers is a board on which are usually found pin-ups of famous movie stars. Up on the ceiling are hung the two perpetually blaring stereo speakers. There are two parallel bars for the passengers to hold onto so that they dont fall off or over each other during sudden stops (which are frequent).
- An adaptation from Valerio Nofuentes The Jeepney: Vehicle as an Art

The Jeepney