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  • Experiment 08

    Diunggah oleh

    Mark Dalton
    2K tayangan4 halaman
    Conductivity increased as KI was added. Only two substances conducted so little that they were considered nonelectrolytes. Weak electrolytes were solutes that only partially ionized in solution.

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    Conductivity increased as KI was added. Only two substances conducted so little that they were considered nonelectrolytes. Weak electrolytes were solutes that only partially ionized in solution.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    2K tayangan4 halaman

    Experiment 08

    Diunggah oleh

    Mark Dalton
    Conductivity increased as KI was added. Only two substances conducted so little that they were considered nonelectrolytes. Weak electrolytes were solutes that only partially ionized in solution.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 4

    AndrewT.

    Hedrick Chem32SectionS 11/1/02

    Experiment 8 Solution Conductivity: Covalent & Ionic Solutes


    Purpose:Torelatebondingstructureofsubstancestotheirbehaviorinsolution, investigateelectricalconductanceofvariousaqueoussolutions,andfollowthe conductanceofasolutionduringthecourseofachemicalreaction. ExperimentalPlan:TheinstructionsforthisplanwerebasedonTheThompson GeneralChemistry2LabManual,pages91100.Changesincludedusing5mLof deionizedwaterasthesolventinPartIA. DataandObservations: PartIA: dropsKI conductivity (inmA) PartIB: Solution HCl Sucrose NaOH CuSO4 NH3(aq) PartIC: Solute Glacialaceticacid .01Maceticacid .01Mhydrochloricacid Conductivity 1.0A .99mA 31.5mA Conductivit y 30.5mA 2.54mA 16.5mA 10.4mA 1.73mA electrolyte? strong weak strong strong weak Solution Urea NaOOCCH
    3

    0 .0721

    1 1.31

    2 2.40

    3 3.55

    4 4.65

    5 5.86

    6 6.93

    Conductivit y 70.6A 6.38mA 7.6mA 90.0A 16.2mA

    electrolyte? no weak weak no strong

    C6H8O7 CH3OH H3PO4

    PartII:Pleaseseeattachedsheet. Calculations:Nocalculationswereperformedinthislab.

    AndrewT.Hedrick Chem32SectionS 11/1/02

    Results:InPartIA,conductivityincreasedasKIwasadded.InPartIB,mostof thesubstancesconductedafairamountofelectricity.Onlytwoconductedso littlethattheywereconsiderednonelectrolytes.Theremainingeightcompounds wereevenlysplitbetweenbeingstrongandweakelectrolytes.InPartIC,theless concentratedNH3turnedouttoconductmore.InPartIItheconductivityfellas additionalH2SO4wasadded,buteventuallyitbottomedoutandbegantorise again. Conclusion:Acrossalloftheseexperiments,thedeterminingfactortoincreased conductivitywastheamountoffreeionsinsolution.ThisisshowndirectlyinPart IA,asadditionalKIwasaddedtheamountofionsinsolutiongrew.This,inturn, madetheconductivityrise.InPartIB,thestrongelectrolyteswerethesolutes thatcompletelyionizedinsolution(suchasstrongacidslikeHClandstrong baseslikeNaOH).Weakelectrolytesweresolutesthatonlypartiallyionizedin solution(suchsucroseandweakbaseslikeNH3).Nonelectrolytesdidnotdonate anyfreeionstosolutionandthusmadeextremelyweakconductanceoccur betweenourelectrodes.InPartIC,theconcentratedNH3hadnearlyno conductance.Thisisbecausetherewasnowaterpresentandnoionshad formedtocarryelectricalcurrent.Aqueous(.01M)NH3ontheotherhand conductedelectricitymuchbetterduetotheionsbeingformedinthereversible reactionwithwater.HClwasaverygoodconductorduetoitcompletelyionizing inwater.InPartII,H2SO4sconductivitydroppedasitreactedwithBa(OH)2.This isbecausethechemicalreactionwasformingwaterandBaSO4.Onceallofthe BaSO4hadreactedfreeionsbecamepresentandconductivityrose.Generally, ionicbonds,thestrongacidsandbasesallmakeverygoodelectrolytes.Most molecularcompoundsmakepoorelectrolytesandsomearenonelectrolytes.As learnedinPartII,youcanuseconductancetodeterminewhenareactionhas completed.Possiblesourcesoferrorforthisexperimentincludethemultimeter, theconductancebreakoutbox,andresidualsolutionpresentontheelectrodes andglasswearbeingused.

    AndrewT.Hedrick Chem32SectionS 11/1/02

    3.SupposethatPartIIoftheexperimentwerecarriedoutwithaqueousNaOH (sodiumhydroxide)insteadofBa(OH)2toformsolubleNa2SO4alongwithH2Oas products. (a)Writetheoverallbalancedequation 2NaOH(aq)+H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(s)+2H2O(l)

    (b)Writethenetionicequation 2Na+(aq)+2OH(aq)+2H+(aq)+SO42(aq)

    Na SO (s)+2H O(l)
    2 4 2

    (c)HowwouldthegraphofconductivityversusvolumeofaqueousNaOHadded differfromthegraphyouconstructedusingBa(OH)2? TheywouldbesimilarinthatconductivitywouldgodownuntiltheNaOHwas useduptomakeproducts.Theconductivitywouldriseagainafterionsare formed.TheonlydifferenceisthatNaOHisthatthegraphwouldnotbeassteep asNaOHisnotasstrongofanelectrolyteasBa(OH)2. 4.Theelectricalconductivityofdeionizedwateriscommonlyusedasanindexof itspurity.Explain. Purewatershouldnotconductanyelectricity,asitwouldhavenofreeionsto movechargesaround.However,sincewaterdissolvesanextremelylargenumber ofsubstances,italmostalwaysconductselectricity.Thus,themorepurethe water,theloweritselectricalconductivity.Inthisway,conductivitycanbeagauge totestwaterspurity.

    AndrewT.Hedrick Chem32SectionS 11/1/02

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