D. Muoz P.

Escherichia Coli(E. Coli), a rod-shaped bacteria found inside organism alive. It is used in the biotechnology and microbiology camps due to its properties of regeneration. However, the E. Coli has a deadly effect over the human being when this bacteria is combined with external viruses in an exposed environment, it will develop a lethal toxin which is easily to be transmitted. E. Coli had appeared in all the European territory after 50 years that it was declared gone, the resurrection of this mortal enemy in globalized markets made that the actors affected took actions to avoid danger at its fields. Across the history of the humanity this bacteria has brought tragedy and death, this time the bacteria returned and the number of victim by poisonnig of E. coli had appeared immediately. The hypothesis of the expansion of the bacteria aimed the agriculture sector, where the vegetables were supposed to be infected by the bacteria for cross-contamination with excrement; it means that the vegetables were infected indirectly and involuntary by contact with zones where could be infected excrement. Developed countries were involved in this case and their human capital as their agriculture industry was heat, nations are showed in Exhibit 1. The first country which had people who presented the bacteria was Germany followed by Spain and then it appeared over the European region. The exact point of contagion and the responsible/s for the expansion and/or transmission of the bacteria were not determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) who said that it is identifiable for its property of easy transmission. One actor involved was Russia, a successful country with international recognition by his development in many camps of sciences and who possess a great economy as well established
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economy policies to improve the nation throw the time, a member of the BRIC and a compromised nation to the world. By writing this manuscript I would try to evaluate the acts of Russia over the appearance of the E. Coli bacteria, the impact over the European economy by Russian acts and how the agriculturists were affected by the appearance of the bacteria in all the territory of the European Union. Russia a nation inspired by their policies and its history, in the well care of their population Russia had taken extreme policies to avoid disaster over its territory. When the E. Coli bacteria was announced by the Germany government, Russia banned to import fruits and vegetables which come from the territory of European Union (EU) members. In order to reduce the consumption of imported vegetables that were in Russian territory at the time of the ban, Russia promoted to stop buying vegetables coming from the UE and improve the composition of the national production. A decision to that effect was made following a mass spread of the E.coli infection in 9 EU countries and the deaths of 17 people in Germany and another one in Sweden.1 Similar import bans of raw vegetables from the EU were imposed in Great Britain and the United Arab Emirates.2 This prohibition over the importations of Russia had a negative impact over the EU importations due to EU exports to Russia a quarter of its vegetable production, around EUR 600 million3, shows Exhibit 2 by country and Exhibit 3 by top 10.
1 EHEC outbreak: Increase in cases in Germany: article from the World Health Organization (WHO) web site http://www.who.int/csr/don/2011_06_02/en/index.html 2 RF vegetable import ban is natural Moscow: article from the Voice of Russia web site English version http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/06/02/51197902.html 3 E. coli: Russia bans import of EU vegetables: article from the BBC web site http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13625271

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A negative fact for me due to the investment in the agricultural sector is complete lost for a hyphetesis not confirmed. Immediately after the ban, agriculturists of the EU took legal action and ask for compensation at their national government, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)4 of the EU and the EU due to the significant losses daily. The impact over the economy and the industry for restriction of exports and/or imports has a negative effect over the rate of development of the economy and the industry. In this case, the direct sector affected were the employees of the chain of supply of the fruits and vegetables and the agricultural industry, also it had indirect effects as a worldwide bad reputation of the organics goods products inside borders, injury at their international market and a lost of its credibility. However, Russia in order to conserve a healthy population was not guilty for the effect of its ban over the imports. In Russian territory the reduction of the supply of vegetable cause an immediately effect over the national market. As the national supply of vegetable was not able to satisfy the whole demand in the two months of restrictions, the price varied throw the two months of restrictions. The Russian people found a non-competitive market which only took apart an import ingredient of the meals and make it expensive. The poor population of this country was severe affect, however, in this country there was not a single case of E. Coli. I could say that the ban was successful.
4 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies and programmes. The CAP combines a direct subsidy payment for crops and land which may be cultivated with price support mechanisms, including guaranteed minimum prices, import tariffs and quotas on certain goods from outside the EU. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy

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Finally, after two months of prohibition, it was repealed by an agreement between the Russia government and the UE members, which said: if by 10 days there is not a single case of E. Coli bacteria in European territory, Russia have to repeal its ban for the import of vegetables. The last case of the E. Coli bacteria was in the 27 July, 2011, so they left the prohibition in 8 August, 2011 The point where started the study of this bacteria did not give crucial information and also the beginning of this infection has not been determined yet, the best glue of the first point of infection was established in the northeast of Germany due to all the cases that presented the poisoning were in this point or has contact with someone who had been in this area. In conclusion, an extreme position as Russia took, were hard to deal inside the country and outside borders in this situation because there was not defined the precedent. This measure has left an injury industry and a bad reputation. One regulation which played in this case is the regulations that the CAP of the EU imposes at their agriculturists, regulations which has to be taken for all the EU members, and which determine a new degree of inspection to be able to fight against a bacteria and remain competitive. Therefore this has caused that all the future importation after the proliferation of the bacteria present a certificate of origin and a certificate of health by country. For me, a better control in the international trade of fruits and vegetables and organics good have a direct impact over the health of a society, although it cause delay in the process the benefits that this carry will worth. The organizations which deal the demand of the affected agriculturist are not the responsible by the closure of a
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foreign market, despite that the government, the EU and the CAP were the entity who absorbed the impact of this action. In my opinion, the losses of money invest in the agricultural sector, due to the fruits and vegetables were not accepted outside borders markets, it has to be assumed by the responsible society. In this case it was absorbed by the countrys government that did not cause the proliferation, but the author of this case was not define and this obligate the society to assume all the loss. The negative part of this act was not accepted, however, we are dealing with human lives and this made that the effect of this action are worthwhile, in my opinion. In this manuscript I exposed direct and indirect effects that cause the ban of Russia. In my opinion a massive restriction by poisoning alert has negative impact in the international relationship and the economies of the countries affected. However the health of a human being cannot be put under risk, for me, the actions took by Russia were correct. The negative impact over the CAP of the EU shows that policies applied by block cannot control all the sectors as the agriculture, is better that each country control their sector and become responsible by their production, the block can help to complement its policy but not to take the whole control. The certification ask after this case is an evidence that each country has to warranty their production. The legal actions taken by the EU agriculturists were correct, approved, and compensated because they were affected without determined the exact point of infection. The compensation had to be made by the block, UE and CPA due to it assume all the responsibility of the EU production of organic goods and take care of macroeconomic variables over this market, however, in my point of view, each country took
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care of their agriculturists in order to not loss national competitiveness. In the history there have always been appearing new infections that expand quickly due to the globalization, these opened markets have not provide the enough information to find the point of infection due to all products are mixed very quickly in a single market. These consequences of the globalization teaches at the world that in order to have a healthy country is necessary a dynamic and over-controlled trade.