SURUHANJAYA TENAGA

(ENERGY COMMISSION)
No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2, 62100 Putrajaya Tel : 03 8870 8500 Fax : 03 8888 8637 Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST) Email : info@st.gov.my www.st.gov.my

INTRODUCTION What is energy efficiency? Why do we need to use electricity efficiently? YOUR MONTHLY ELECTRICITY BILL Electricity consumption in your home Cost of electrical appliances usage Formula to calculate the cost of using electrical appliances Reducing your electricity bills Auditing your home BUYING EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES Energy labelling Energy performance of electrical equipment USING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WISELY Energy Saving Tips in: The Kitchen Refrigerator and Freezer Kettle Oven And Microwave Oven Cooker Hoods The Laundry And Bathroom The Living Room Home Entertainment Computers Lighting

2 2 2 3 4 4 5 8 8 13 15 15 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 26 30 32 34

YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

You should benefit from using electrical appliances at home whilst using electricity no more than necessary
Efficient use of electricity is our daily practice *Kapten EE : Mascot of Energy Efficiency Campaign

INTRODUCTION

Electricity is the main source of energy used at home. While you benefit from using electrical appliances at home, you should use electricity no more than is necessary. Using electricity efficiently not only saves money but will also protect the environment. Protecting the environment for future generations should be built into everything we do today. Do you want to have lower electricity bills and do your part for the environment? Most homes are able to easily reduce 10% of their electricity consumption without sacrificing comfort levels. What is energy efficiency?
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Energy (electricity) efficiency means using electricity wisely in order to accomplish the same tasks whether at home or at the workplace. Using energy efficiently also means paying less for electricity whilst benefiting from its use! Why do we need to use energy efficiently? a) To save fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are: depleting resources; increasing in prices; and emitting greenhouse gases and other dangerous gases that have negative impact on human health and the environment b) To preserve the environment, the only one that we have and need to preserve for our future generation; and c) To save on domestic electricity bills.
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Your Monthly Electricity Bill

The energy cost savings for efficient equipment, (which may be more expensive) over their life cycle, can be more than the extra cost of purchase.

YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Electricity Consumption in Your Home The kitchen is a good place to start as this is where the major part of electricity needs at home is consumed which amounts to about 45% as shown in Table 1. An average family in a low or medium-cost house spends about RM80 to RM170 per month respectively for electricity bill while the bill in a typical bungalow can exceed RM450 per month. Cost of Electrical Appliance Usage Many of us are unaware of the contribution of different appliances to our monthly electricity bill. We can easily carry out our own energy audit to manage our electricity consumption to save electricity usage. Table 1 shows the average electricity consumption costs per month in a low cost, medium cost and bungalow home for a family of five. The electricity consumption cost per household depends very much on family size, living habits, number and age of electrical appliances and duration of use of each appliance. You can calculate the approximate electricity cost of each different appliance if you know these:
Table 1 : Electricity Cost Per Month in Different Types of Houses House Types Kitchen Living Others TOTAL Low Cost House RM 36 24 % 45 30 Medium Cost House RM % 38 32 18 12 100 64.98 54.72 30.78 Bungalows RM 181.60 177.06 72.64 22.7 454.00 % 40 39 16 5 100
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Cost / Percentage

Laundry / Bathroom

11.2 8.8

14

11

20.52

80.00

100

171.00

Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

The electricity consumption cost per household depends very much on family size, living habits, number and age of electrical appliances and duration of use of each appliance.

i. Power rating of the appliance (usually found on a nameplate or etched on the appliance) and its efficiency; ii. Number of hours you use the appliance; and iii. The electricity tariff in Ringgit Malaysia per kilowatt-hour (RM/kWh). The following formula is used to calculate the cost of using electrical appliances: Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh kWh = Power (in Watts) x Hours of operation 1000 unit of measurement for electricity consumption 1000W = 1 kW Watt, the unit of measurement for the load (i.e. how much power is drawn) hour, the unit for usage duration

Where: kWh k W h

Secondly, calculate the cost of energy Energy Cost = Energy (kWh) x Electricity Tariff (RM/kWh)
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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Example A nominal 1 Horse power air conditioner (A/C) has an electrical load of about 850 to 950 watt. The cost of using a 950 watt air-conditioner unit for five (5) hours daily is derived as follows: Firstly, calculate the energy consumption in kWh kWh = 950 W x 5 h 1000 = 4.75 kWh

Secondly, calculate the cost of energy per day (refer to Table 2 for domestic electricity tariff) Energy Cost = 4.75 kWh x RM 0.218 = RM 1.04

Assuming that the usage is constant, the cost for using the airconditioner for a month (assume 30 days) would be: = RM 1.04 x 30 days = RM 31.20 Monthly electricity bills usually increase over time due to the increased use of electricity. Increased consumption of electricity can be caused by: Additional or new appliances Longer duration of usage of appliances. During festival periods when additional decorative lightings and other appliances are used. Replacement of older, smaller appliances with larger units for a growing family. Faulty appliances e.g. a refrigerator with faulty thermostat, shortage of refrigerant or defective door gasket will result in having the refrigerator working continuously for longer period thereby wasting electricity.
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Table 2 : Domestic Electrical Tariff Tariff Category 1. Tariff A Housing Tariff For total use between 0-400kWh First 200 kWh (1-200 kWh) per month Subsequent 200 kWh (201-400 kWh) per month Minimum charge per month is RM3.00 For total use exceeding 400kWh First 500 kWh (1-500 kWh) per month Subsequent 100 kWh (501-600 kWh) per month Subsequent 100 kWh (601-700 kWh) per month Subsequent 100 kWh (701-800 kWh) per month Subsequent 100 kWh (801-900 kWh) per month Every Subsequent kWh (901 kWh onwards) per month Minimum charge per month
Source : Tenaga Nasional Berhad, 2008

Unit

Rates

sen/kWh sen/kWh

21.8 34.5

sen/kWh sen/kWh sen/kWh sen/kWh sen/kWh sen/kWh sen/kWh

30.0 39.0 40.0 41.0 43.0 46.0 RM3.00

The primary method is to analyse our electricity usage and assess where it can be comfortably controlled or used more efficiently. You can conduct your own energy audit at home.

YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Reducing your electricity bills There are opportunities to improve the efficiency of electricity usage at home. Wise and efficient use can conserve energy, save money and help to protect our environment. The primary method is to analyse our electricity usage and assess where it can be comfortably controlled or used more efficiently. You can conduct your own energy audit at home. Auditing your home The checklist below helps to audit home energy use and find out where energy is wasted as listed in Table 3. Please refer to Table 11 at the back of the book to help you audit your home energy usage. Table 12 is also attached for your reference.
Table 3 : Energy Saving Tips for Household Electrical Appliances

THE KITCHEN REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER Things to check 1.

Tip on smart use of energy to save at home Tips on smart use of energy to save moneymoney at home

What to do The refrigerator should not be located in at a warm place e.g. area exposed to direct sunlight, or near a cooker or stove.

Location

There has to be adequate space above, behind and around the refrigerator for free air circulation

2.

Refrigerator Temperature Settings

Check temperature of the freezer: a the temperature of the fridge should be set according to the contents of the fridge a ideal operating temperature is - 18C a adjust control thermostat accordingly. Check temperature of refrigerator compartment: a ideal refrigerator temperature is 5C at the coldest part a adjust the thermostat accordingly

3.

Door gaskets

Check the door gasket is in good condition by: a closing the door on a sheet of paper a replace door gasket or adjust the alignment of the refrigerator / freezer if the sheet of paper is easily removed If the refrigerator is not a frost-free model: a check for frost in the freezer compartment a do not let frost thickness exceed 6 mm a switch off to defrost and remove excess water before restarting

4.

Frost build-up

Your Guide To Energy Efficiency At Home HOME YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT

5.

Loading

Check on food arrangement, allow spaces between food items to ensure free air circulation Check the condenser coils to ensure they are clean to maintain the efficiency of the refrigerator

6.

Condenser

ELECTRIC/MICROWAVE OVEN Things to check 1. Oven door gasket What to do Inspect regularly the door gasket for signs of wear and tear Check for defects in the hinges of the oven door. If any fault on gasket or hinges is detected, call an authorized person to repair/replace the device. AIR-CONDITIONERS Things to check 1. Installation What to do Make sure air conditioner is installed away from direct sun rays. Ensure that the air conditioner is of the correct size for the room (Please refer to Table 6)

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Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

2.

Operating Temperature

Check and adjust the thermostat to give comfortable temperature - normally comfortable temperature is between 24C and 26C Clean air filter to optimize operation. Clean the outside coil fins twice a year. Clean the blower unit coils at least once a year. Check and adjust the thermostat to give a comfortable temperature. Check the level of system refrigerant once a year.

3.

Maintenance (is recommended to be carried out by authorised person)

HOME ENTERTAINMENT Things to check 1. Television, personal computer and radio What to do Ensure that the television, personal computer and stereo are switched off at the plug when not in operation (Standby mode will consume electricity). Make sure that the energy saver function of the computer is activated when left idle in between activities.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

LIGHTING Things to check 1. Lights What to do Check that the lights used are the energy efficient (EE) type, e.g. use fluorescent lights, or Energy Saving Lamps (Compact fluorescent lamps CFLs) instead of incandescent lamps. Switch off lights when not required.

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Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Buying Efficient Electrical Appliances

When buying electrical appliances it is important to choose the right size. Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, water heaters, televisions, and vacuum cleaners come in various sizes. Larger size equipment consume more energy.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME Similar comparisons can be made for other equipment. It is important that equipment is selected on the basis of total cost of purchasing and operation cost for the equipment so as to get the best valuefor-money

The cost of electricity used by an appliance over its working life often exceeds the purchase price of the appliance. Hence when purchasing an equipment one should consider the total cost of owning the equipment. The energy cost savings for efficient equipment, (which may be more expensive) over their life cycle, can be more than the extra cost of purchase. Table 4 shows the cost comparison for lights. The comparison shows that the energy efficient lamp (CFL) can save about RM68.84 over its life time compared with the cheaper incandescent lamps.
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Table 4 : Cost saving comparison of CFL vs. incandescent lamp Type Life (hrs, Light Output Purchase Energy Total Savings each) Lumens/Watt Cost (RM) Cost (RM) Cost (RM) (RM) 6,000 65 15.00 31.80 46.80 68.84

Energy Saving Lamps (CFL) - 18 W Incandescent - 60 W

1,000

18

12.00

103.64

115.64

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Similar comparisons can be made for other equipment. It is important that equipment is selected on the basis of total cost of purchasing and operation cost for the equipment so as to get the best value-formoney. Energy Labelling When buying electrical equipment, look for energy labels. Energy label shows energy efficiency rating of equipment and helps to make wise choice when buying the equipment. In Malaysia, the energy labelling system for refrigerator has been established under the supervision of the Energy Commission with cooperation from SIRIM since 2006. Energy Performances of Electrical Equipment The energy performance of some electrical equipment can be checked at the nameplate. Air conditioners have Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). EER indicates the conversion efficiency of the equipment; the higher the value, the more efficient the appliance is. EER for an air conditioner denotes the ratio of the cooling capacity to the power input (watt). When buying electrical appliances it is important to choose the right capacity. Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, water heaters, televisions, and vacuum cleaners come in various capacities. Larger capacity consumes more energy. Example: When buying an air conditioner, look for the EER value of the unit. One horsepower (hp) air conditioner should have a minimum EER value of 8. The air conditioner capacity is usually stated in BTU/hour. The higher the value, the more efficient the unit is.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Table 5 : Imported equipment may have the following labels USA Energy Star Labels (more stars mean less energy use) Star Rating (more stars mean lower energy consumption) Energy Star Rating (coloured code A-G. A means the most efficienct and G the least efficient) Energy Star Rating (the more the stars, the lower the energy consumption)

Thailand
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

UK

Australia

The energy labelling will give the energy consumption performance of the equipment and will help in making purchasing decisions.

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Using Electrical Equipment Wisely

When buying electrical appliances it is important to choose the right capacity. Refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, water heaters, televisions, and vacuum cleaners come in various capacities. Larger capacity consumes more energy.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

ENERGY SAVING TIPS THE KITCHEN The kitchen always uses a substantial amount (of about 40%) of the electricity in the home. If you live in a medium cost house, you can save about 10% of electricity or RM78 per year by using energy efficient electrical appliances in your kitchen. REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER Both equipments are normally used throughout the year and are considered the most expensive items to run in the kitchen. Therefore they have high energy saving potential. The reduced energy bill for a new energy efficient refrigerator or freezer would usually compensate the cost of replacement of an old and inefficient one. A. Purchasing Guide Refrigerator Choose the right capacity of the refrigerator to suit your family needs. A 550W refrigerator would cost about RM 22.50 per month to run thus, it is best to avoid buying oversized appliances. Remember to check for Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the refrigerator. The nameplate data will give the wattage of the equipment. Look for Energy Labeling of the refrigerator. In Malaysia, the energy label for refrigerator has been established under the supervision of the Energy Commission with cooperation from SIRIM since 2006. Freezer
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

An upright freezer uses more energy compared to a chest freezer. On average the electricity bill for a chest freezer will be about RM10 per month compared to RM14 per month for an upright freezer.
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B. Installation guide Refrigerators/freezers give off heat when they operate to cool their contents. This heat will cause the appliance to work for a longer period or become overheated and shorten its lifespan. Therefore, it will consume more electricity and wear out quicker. Precautions to take note of when installing a refrigerator/freezer: The refrigerator should not be placed in a very warm place e.g. area exposed to direct sunlight or near a cooker. There should be adequate space above, behind and around the sides of the refrigerator for free air circulation. C. Operating and Maintenance Guide Refrigerator When you are going away for a holiday, empty and clean the refrigerator. Switch it off and leave its door open. Keep the condenser coils at the rear of the refrigerator clean. Dust and dirt on the condenser coils will reduce the working efficiency of the refrigerator. Allow space around food stored in the refrigerator to permit free air circulation. Leave hot food to cool down naturally before storing in the refrigerator. Avoid opening refrigerator frequently. Do not leave door open for a long time.

The reduced energy bill for a new energy efficient refrigerator or freezer would usually compensate the cost of replacement of an old inefficient one.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Freezer Use vapour-proof, air tight wraps and containers when packing food for freezing to ensure food is not dehydrated. Decide on what you need to keep or remove from freezer before opening the door, repeated opening of the door wastes energy. Defrost the freezer when there is a 6 mm (1/4 inch) frost buildup. Energy Saving Tip If the temperature of the freezer is correctly adjusted to -18C, a saving of 60kWh per year equivalent to RM13 per year can be obtained. KETTLE Electric kettle is a cost-saving equipment. It uses less electricity compared to boiling water in a traditional kettle on an electric hotplate. In an electric kettle, the heating element is placed directly in the water to be boiled and heat loss is thus avoided. The heating element must be regularly cleaned to reduce electricity comsumption. Other option:
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Use a gas stove to boil water. This is much cheaper and more energyefficient. Heat source from the gas stove is directly used to boil water instead of the double stage of using gas to generate electricity and then using electricity to boil water. You will definitely save money since gas is cheaper than electricity

Cooker hoods dont cost much to run, but they will extract heated or cooled air out of your house quickly. Turn them off as soon as the job is done.

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Purchasing Guide Choose an appropriate electric kettle size for your use. The bigger the size the longer it takes to boil water. Therefore, the electricity consumption is higher. OVEN AND MICROWAVE OVEN The traditional oven is a heavy energy consumer, so it has to be utilized in the best possible way. Alternatively you should consider a microwave oven if it can fulfill your cooking requirements. It is efficient, simple to operate and an energy saver. A. Purchasing Guide Microwave ovens use less energy and cook faster than conventional electric ovens. They are also useful for heating (or re-heating) food quickly and can save up to 10-25%. A microwave oven saves up to 75% of energy for cooking compared to a conventional electric oven because of its lower power demand and quicker cooking time.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

B. Operating and Maintenance Guide Oven Preheating of oven is normally not necessary and the oven can be switched off 5 to 10 minutes before the normal cooking time limit to use the retained heat of the oven. This can save 10-25% electricity required for the cooking. The oven door should be kept closed. If inspection is required, peek through the oven window. Thaw frozen food before cooking. This will save energy which otherwise would be needed to thaw food in the oven (and may not cook evenly). Plan oven meals and cook several dishes at one time, if possible. By doing this approximately 60% electricity can be saved. Microwave Ovens Avoid operating the oven when it is empty as this can damage the magnetron. Avoid using metallic containers in the microwave oven. Food in a microwave oven continues to cook or heat up even after the oven is switched off. COOKER HOODS
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Cooker hoods dont cost much to run, but they will extract heated or cooled air out of your house quickly. Turn them off as soon as the job is done. Choose energy efficient cooker hoods (by looking for energy label) because it can reduce electricity bill. Efficient cooker hood that uses high performance motor will save energy and lasts longer.

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LAUNDRY AND BATHROOM Electrical appliances in the laundry and bathroom can cost up to RM 400 per year. You can save money by using them according to the recommended operation and maintenance guide. Water Heater There are two types of electric water heaters. Instant water heaters heat water as it is used, while storage water heaters (less commonly used), store heated water for later use; and The storage type of heaters tend to waste energy as they attempt to keep the stored water hot all the time, even when the water is not used. A. Purchasing Guide Choose an instant water heater because it consumes less energy than storage water heater. Should a storage hot water system be needed, select the correct size. A water heater with a storage capacity of 23-27 litres is sufficient for a family of 4-5 members. Switch off the heater after use (but use its stored water capacity), to save on its energy consumption. Solar storage water heaters do not consume electrical energy. However, they are relatively expensive.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

B. Installation Guide Always install hot water system according to the manufacturers instructions. For maximum efficiency, the hot water system should be installed as close as possible to the point of most frequent use (especially for the storage type). Fit a low flow fitting that can reduce water consumption by up to 70%. C. Operating and Maintenance Guide Encourage quick showers instead of baths. Less hot water is used in a shower. Bathroom Tips: Install a quality, low flow showerhead. Insert a plug into the basin to avoid hot water running down the drain. Fix dripping taps quickly. Turn off all appliances at the power point. Use the hair dryer on the low heat setting. Dry hair with towel before using the hair dryer. Washing Machine
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Washing machine is a common household appliance, which is used to alleviate house chores. The following provides purchasing and operational and maintenance guide for efficient use of energy. A. Purchasing Guide

Select a washing machine that is the right size and has the appropriate features to suit your familys needs. Top loading automatic washing machine consumes less energy than the front loading automatic machine.
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B. Operational and Maintenance Guide It is a waste of electricity and water to use the washing machine just to wash a pair of trousers or a few shirts. Gather the laundry, so that the machine can be filled up. The electricity consumption is almost the same for full or part load washing. Washing machines use relatively the same amount of energy regardless of the size of the laundry load. Run full loads whenever possible. Do not overload the washing machine. Choose the correct wash cycle. Avoid using the pre-wash programme. Use optimum temperature setting. Avoid hot washing cycle, if possible. Energy Saving Tip One full load wash will cost RM 0.18. Cost per week for partial load in a daily wash is RM 0.18 x 7 = RM 1.26 Washing 3 times a week on full load will save about RM 37 per year. Iron An electric iron can be an energy guzzler if it is not used optimally as it usually has a demand load of 1000 Watts.

Iron large batches of clothing at the same time to avoid wasting energy in reheating.
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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

A. Purchasing Guide Steam iron consumes more energy than dry iron. A lighter iron will heat up quicker and uses less energy while a heavy iron takes a long time to heat up before it can be used. B. Operational and Maintenance Guide Iron low temperature fabrics first to reduce the warm-up time and switch the iron off before finishing the last garment. Iron large batches of clothing at the same time to avoid wasting energy in reheating. Remember an iron takes energy to heat up and this energy is wasted if the iron is used for frequent ironing of a few items at a time. Turn the iron off if interrupted.
Tip on smart use of energy to save at home Tips on smart use of energy to save moneymoney at home

Fold washed items carefully to avoid the need for ironing where possible. THE LIVING ROOM

According to Table 6, many families spend RM300 per year on electricity in the living area where a 10% savings would mean RM30 savings in a year. Air Conditioners

Home air conditioning which was once a luxury is now becoming a necessity or an affordable convenience to the middle income population as air conditioners become cheaper and more energyefficient.
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The cheaper window type air conditioners are now losing out to the split type, which have the advantage of separating the compressor from the cooling unit thus reducing the noise level in the cooled room. The lower energy costs of the more efficient new air conditioners can often justify replacement even if existing ones are still in good condition. A. Purchasing Guide Choose the correct size of the air conditioning unit that you require. Table 6 is a guide for the suitable unit size for air conditioner according to room size. Look for the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) of the air conditioner. EER for 1 hp unit ranges from 8 to 10. The higher the EER, the more efficient is the unit. The air conditioner output is usually stated in BTU/hour (1 hp is about 9200 BTU/hr).
Table 6 : Guide for Appropriate Air Conditioning and Room Size Room Size 12 x 12 feet 14 x 14 feet 14 x 16 feet 15 x 16 feet 18 x 18 feet 21 x 21 feet Air Conditioner Unit Size (Hp) <1 1-1.5 1.5 1.5-2.0 2.0-2.5 2.5-3.0

Source : CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Check the energy star rating of the unit. More stars indicate that the air conditioner is more efficient (up to a maximum of 6). Check the airflow rate, (normally in cubic feet per minute, or cfm); the higher the rate (between 200-300 cfm for a 1 hp unit) the faster the cooling and the better the air circulation is. B. Installation Guide For a split unit, the compressor is best located under a shade to avoid the heating effect of direct sunlight on the unit and should have adequate air circulation around it. C. Operating and Maintenance Guide Do not block air conditioner vents with drapes or furniture Keep windows and outside doors closed to keep minimization the cool air inside. Roof, or ceiling insulation, and air leaks from under doors and through windows can help to reduce the cooling energy consumption. Stopping air leakages will help keep out the hot humid air, or reduce outflow of cool air, and thus reduce air conditioning load. Glaze your window with heat reflective glass glazing that has selective reflective coatings where heat is reflected but light is allowed in. Insulation and glazing can reduce your cooling bill by up to 40%. Regular maintenance will prolong the life of the equipment and help save energy. When you expect a hot day, turn on the air conditioner early rather than wait until your home becomes too hot.
28 Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

 On a hot day close your curtains and blinds. This helps to keep the heat away. Regular maintenance of air conditioner including cleaning of the air conditioner and air filters as well as heat exchanger coils is necessary to get the best performance out of the air conditioner. Landscaping trees and shrubs next to the house help in reducing the cooling load. Shade screens, glass tints, and window/wall awnings are another way of cutting down on heat gain. Fans Fans are cheap but reliable and seldom replaced Technology has made new fans more energy efficient. The lower energy costs of the more efficient fans can often justify replacement even if existing ones are still in good service conditions. A. Purchasing Guide Check the Co-efficient of Performance (COP) described in m3/min/W for the fans. The COP range is as follows An 80W fan would cost about RM 7 per month to operate. It is important to select energy efficient fans to reduce operating costs as they normally operate for long hours everyday of up to 12 hours a day.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Table 7 : Average COP for type of fan Type of Fan Ceiling fans Stand, table and wall fans Box fans
Source :

Diameter and COP 48-60 inches diameter 3.5 m3/min/W 10-16 inches diameter 1.0 m3/min/W 10-14 inches diameter 0.5 m3/min/W

CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

B. Operating and Maintenance Guide Ensure that the fan is not blocked at its rear as the resistance to the air flow will either reduce its performance or make it operate in an overload condition. Switch off fans if not needed. Automatic switches such as occupancy sensor switches may be helpful as they will avoid energy wastage. Fans will only circulate air and should hence be operated in conjunction with adequate ventilation so that cooler outside air can provide for a reasonably comfortable environment HOME ENTERTAINMENT
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Red and green bulbs or blinking digits/figures on a display are tell tale signs of electricity wastage. You can see these on televisions, video players, stereo sets, computers, microwave ovens, etc. It is expensive to have all these electrical appliances switched on but left in standby mode. The electricity consumption for such standby modes can easily run up to 100 kWh equivalent to RM22 per year. Switch off the appliances when you are not using them.
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Equipment graded under Energy Star or similar standards is efficient and should be selected where available.

Table 8 : Electricity Consumption When the Home Entertainment is in Standby Mode Equipment Stereo TV-15 inch TV-28 inch Video
Source :

Standby power (Watt) 1-25 3-9 0.1-14 1-17

Annual electricity (kWh) 7-185 21-65 1-100 9-149

CETREE, Your Guide to Energy Efficiency at Home, July 2003

A. Purchasing Guide Home entertainment equipment is quite energy-efficient but different manufacturers may still have different power requirements for similar appliances. Equipment graded under Energy Star or similar standards is efficient and should be selected where available. B. Operating and Maintenance Guide Television, Video Player, Radio and Stereo Keep the lights low when watching television or video. Switch off the television, radio, etc when not in use. Avoid leaving the equipment on standby or left connected to the electricity supply e.g. on standby mode.

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

COMPUTERS A. Purchasing Guide Purchase a computer that has an energy star label. The bigger the number of stars, the more efficient is the computer with regard to energy consumption. Check that the computer has a sleep mode. Flat screen monitors are far more efficient than conventional types (using cathode ray tubes). Lap-top, or note-book computers, consume much less energy (less than 30%) of desk top PCs. B. Operating and Maintenance Guide
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Avoid leaving the computer on standby mode. Table 9 shows the energy usage of a computer when it is on standby mode.

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Table 9 : Computer Loads Under Various Conditions

Computer Processor Monitor Total Off 3W 3W 6W Sleep mode 10W 10W 20W Screen Saver 20W 80W 105W Busy 25W 90W 115W

Conditions of computer operations: Off : The computer is switched off at the contact breaker on the computer, but not at the plug. : The computer is almost switched off both the processor and the monitor can have a load of 1 30 W. : Is used to protect the monitor. It is in a waiting position with a picture and it does not save much electricity.

Sleep mode

Screen saver

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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

LIGHTING Lighting accounts for only around 10% or less of your electricity bill. However, you can do several things to reduce this cost by choosing the energy saving bulbs and act energy-minded. Refer to table 10 below, a 400W of lamp that is used for 2-3 hours/day will cost RM13.80 in a month. Types of Lamps 1. Incandescent lamps Generate a high amount of heat and are typically used with a rating of 60W. They are an inefficient artificial light source and their light intensity efficiency is about 18 lumens/Watt. 2. Fluorescent lamps Generate bright light and are most often used with a rating of 36W. These lamps come together with ballasts, normally rated at 8W loss, although low loss ballasts (up to 6 W) or high frequency electronic ballasts (nominally less than 2 W) are also available. 3. Compact fluorescent lamps
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

Compact fluorescent lamps with power consumption of 11W have equivalent bright light comparable to 60W incandescent lamps. Light intensity efficiency of compact fluorescent lamps is about 60 lumens/Watt.

Table 10 : Electricity Consumption for Lighting Item Lights Watts 400 Operating Unit Cost 015 sen/min

Daily Usage/Min 300.00

RM/Month 13.80

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These lamps are fairly expensive, but they last up to 8 times longer than incandescent lamps and use only about 20% of the energy to emit the same amount of light. A. Purchasing Guide Shop for energy saving bulbs and lamps which can save up to 80% in lighting energy costs. Choose energy saving lamps such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Even though they are more expensive to purchase, they save considerably more due to their lower energy consumption. Ordinary fluorescent lamps give about two times the light of an incandescent bulb. Where possible, use photo-electric switches or timers or dimmer controls to save energy further. B. Operational and Maintenance Guide Dust/clean your light bulbs and lamp shades once every 1 or 2 months. Keeping them clean increases the amount of light emitted. Bedroom Use a ceiling mounted diffused light with a dimmer for general lighting. Use bedside table lamps for reading. Make use of natural light. Place your work tables near window where possible.
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YOUR GUIDE TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AT HOME

Living Room Use dimmer switches to turn lights down to low. Make sure there is no light reflection on TV screen to ensure comfort. Switch off the light when not in use. Kitchen Make sure the work area is suitably lit. Install lighting directly above the work area. Install a doorway switched light for the pantry. Bathroom And Storeroom Place a light above the mirror. Install a ceiling light for the larger bathroom. Install low wattage lamp for passage ways and storerooms.
Tips on smart use of energy to save money at home

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Table 11 Example to monitor electricity consumption at home : Week No. Meter Weekly Reading Consumption (Difference) 17850 17950 100 200kWh = RM0.218 100 kWj x RM0.218 = RM21.80 (100kWj x RM0.218) + (100kWj x RM0.345) = RM56.30 Electricity Rate Estimated cost

1 2

18150

200

Next 200kWh = RM0.345

Bill amount for 3 weeks RM56.30 + RM RM21.8 = RM78.1

SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)

No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Presint 2 62100 Putrajaya Tel : 03 8870 8500 Fax : 03 8888 8637 Toll Free Number : 1-800-2222-78 (ST) Email : info@st.gov.my www.st.gov.my

Table 12 Week No. Meter Weekly Reading Consumption (Difference) Electricity Rate Estimated Cost

CETREE - Center for Education and Training in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency