L.O. Silva-Particle Acceleration &amp Relativistic Astrophysics in The Lab

Particle acceleration &
relativistic astrophysics in the lab

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Lus O. Silva
GoLP
Instituto de Plasmas e Fuso Nuclear
Instituto Superior Tcnico (IST)
Lisbon
Portugal
http://web.ist.utl.pt/luis.silva/
http://cfp.ist.utl.pt/golp/
L. O. Silva | ELI Scientic Challenges, April 26 2010
Acknowledgments
S. F. Martins, F. Fiza, J. Vieira, J. Martins,
M. Marti, R. A. Fonseca
Work in collaboration with:
F. Tsung, J. Tonge, J. May, W. B. Mori (UCLA)
Simulation results obtained at epp and IST Clusters (IST),
Dawson Cluster (UCLA), Franklin (NERSC), Intrepid
(Argonne), and Jugene (FZ Jlich)
Contents
Laser e- acceleration
Boosted frame simulations 10 PW laser
High brilliance betatron radiation
Gamma ray beams
Relativistic beams for astrophysics
Relativistic shocks
Conclusions
Contents
Gamma ray beams
Relativistic shocks
Conclusions
Particle accelerators: rich science and applications
From compact to country size
Adapted from Tom Katsouleas (Duke)
Large
Veried Standard Model of Particle
Physics
W, Z bosons
Quarks, gluons and quark-gluon
plasma
Asymmetry of matter and anti-matter
In pursuit of the Higgs boson
Compact
Medicine
cancer therapy, imaging
Industry
lithography
Light sources (synchrotrons)
bio imaging
condensed matter science
International Linear Collider
Particle accelerators
Requirements for high energy physics
High Energy
High
Luminosity
High Beam
Quality
Low Cost
L = fN
2
/4
x
y
/ 0.1%10%
n

y
y
< 1 mmmrad
[event rate]
[low energy spread] [low emittance]
[1/10 of 10
10
!/TeV] Gradients > 100 MeV/m Efciency > few %
Recent achievements in laser-plasma accelerators
Guiding in plasma channels and ~1 GeV e- beams
Leemans et al, Nat. Phys. (2006)
Self-guided propagation and self-injected electrons (>1 GeV)
Hafz et al, Nat. Photonics (2008); Kneip et al, PRL (2009); Froula et al, PRL (2009);
Clayton et al, submitted [1.4 GeV in 1.3 cm @ 10
18
cm
-3
]
Controlled all-optical injection of monoenergetic electron beams
Faure et al, Nature (2006)
Beam loading in nonlinear wakes
Tzoufras et al (2008); Rechatin et al (2009)
Intense incoherent radiation (betatron x-rays & undulator radiation)
Rousse et al, PRL (2004); Kneip et al (submitted); Froula et al (in preparation) &
H.-P Schlenvoigt et al, Nat. Phys. (2004); M. Fuchs et al, Nat. Phys. (2009)
Outstanding progress in recent years
Recent progress has put plasma acceleration
at the forefront of Science
Simulations + lasers + sources directly impacted this progress
Tech developments have triggered recent progresses
09 Peak laser intensity ~ 10
22
W/cm
2
Lasers and supercomputers
09 Peak computing power > 1 Top/s
Mourou, Tajima, Bulanov (2006) Source: top500.org
New Features in v2.0
Bessel Beams
Binary Collision Module
Tunnel (ADK) and Impact Ionization
Dynamic Load Balancing
PML absorbing BC
Optimized higher order splines
Parallel I/O (HDF5)
Boosted frame in 1/2/3D
osiris framework
Massivelly Parallel, Fully Relativistic
Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Code
Visualization and Data Analysis Infrastructure
Developed by the osiris.consortium
!
UCLA + IST
OSIRIS 2.0
Ricardo Fonseca: ricardo.fonseca@ist.utl.pt
Frank Tsung: tsung@physics.ucla.edu
http://cfp.ist.utl.pt/golp/epp/
http://exodus.physics.ucla.edu/
OSIRIS strong scaling up to ~300k CPUs
! Spatial domain decomposition
! Local eld solver
! Minimal communication
! Dynamic Load Balancing
Optimize scalability and tap new hardwares
New hardware features
SIMD units
tailored code already in production
GPUs
CUDA development (test PIC code)
PowerXCell
1
10
100
10
4
10
5
S
p
e
e
d

u
p
CPUs
81% efciency
294,912 CPUs
Ideal
JUGENE
Germany
4,096
Can LWFA reach the energy frontier
with the next generation of lasers?
Next generation of lasers @ 10 PW

EL: Extreme Light nfrastructure
Detailed description of research activity 1
Lasers generating repetition-rate ultrashort pulses and multi-petawatt peak powers
use a flashlamp-pumped laser with repetition rate about 0.1 Hz, and will use some
technologies common to those that will be implemented in the high-intensity facility.

The Steering Committee of the EL-PP project, at its meeting 1st October 2009, gave
the Czech Republic a mandate to continue with implementation of its EL facility,
specifically of the beamline facility, and to develop and prototype components of the
high-intensity facility in international collaboration that will include EL-PP major
partners Germany, United Kingdom and France. The Steering Committee of the EL-
PP project gave also mandate to Hungary to implement the attosecond facility and to
develop, in international collaboration, components of the high-intensity facility in a
similar way as the Czech Republic. The Steering Committee of the EL-PP project
equally mandated Romania to implement the photonuclear facility. Location of the
high-intensity EL facility will be decided upon prototyping the necessary laser and
beam technologies, with the beamline facility running as one of natural candidates.
More details on the designed EL implementation can be found in the Annex of ESOP
"EL as Pan-European Project (Scope & Governance).

The schematic layout of the laser system of beamline facility, implementation of
which is the subject of this Research Activity, is in Figure 3. The laser technologies of
the individual sections of this system are described in below text in more detail.

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will be to operate as the ELI beamline facility. The two 10-PW laser blocks will serve to
development of the high-intensity section and to testing of selected technologies. Pulse
compressors are not represented in this scheme.

The laser front end will consist of the oscillator section (three optically synchronized
identical oscillators) delivering ~5 fs pulses with >300 nm equivalent bandwidth, pre-
amplified by the PFS technique to approximately 10 mJ level. The front end will
supply pulses into booster repetition-rate amplifiers based on the PFS technique and
pumped by thin disk lasers currently prototyped at the Max-Planck nstitute for
Quantum Optics (MPQ) in Garching and at the Max-Born nstitute (MB) in Berlin.
The system will involve two types of the booster amplifiers: the first type running at
7/32

EL : Extreme Light nfrastructure

Detailed description of
research activity 1

Lasers generating repetition-rate ultrashort pulses
and multi-petawatt peak powers

EL : Extreme Light nfrastructure

Detailed description of
research activity 1

Lasers generating repetition-rate ultrashort pulses
and multi-petawatt peak powers

Limits to energy gain in LWFA
Dephasing, Diffraction, Depletion
E = eE
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laser pulse diffracts in
scale of Z
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laser pulse looses its energy to the plasma in L
depl
for small a
0
, L
depl
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dph
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> 1, L
depl
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=
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=
1
.
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,
w
/
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c
=
2
)
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0
0
1
8
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N
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t 1
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m
IE
E
E
X
p
lo
re
. R
e
s
tric
tio
n
s
a
p
p
ly
.
Dephasing
electrons overtake accelerating structure
in L
dph
~ 10 cm/n
0
[10
16
cm
-3
]
v
~ v
group laser
v ~ c
Blow-out regime of laser wakeeld acceleration
Self-injection, Dephasing, and Depletion
a0
normalized vector potential of the laser
[quiver momentum p/mc of e- eld]
a0 ~ 0.8 (/m)(Intensity/10
18
W/cm
2
)
1/2
W0
spot size
laser
pulse duration
window co-moving
with laser pulse
@ speed of light
Match laser spot size to
bubble radius
Linear focusing
force
Electric elds created by laser pulse
Phenomenological theory based on physical picture
Dynamics of the laser and e- dene key parameters
W. Lu et al. PR-STAB (2007)
Longitudinal
E
z max

a
0
k
p
R k
p
W
0
= 2
a
0
L
etch
> L
d
c
FWHM
> 2R/3
L
d

2
3
2
0
2
p
R
Matched laser parameters
Transverse
k
p
R 2
a
0
Linear accelerating
gradient
For maximum energy gain:
trapped e- dephasing before pump depletion
L
etch
c
2
0
/
2
p
FWHM
W
0
=
3
2
c
FWHM
n
p
[10
18
cm
3
] 3.71
a
3
0
P[TW]
0
[m]
0.8
2
Laser pulse Injected bunch Plasma
FWHM
[fs] 53.22
0
[m]
0.8
2/3
[J]
a
2
0
1/3
L
acc
[cm] 14.09
[J]
a
3
0
q[nC] 0.17
0
[m]
0.8
2/3
([J] a
0
)
1/3
E[GeV] 3
[J]
a
2
0
0.8
0
[m]
2/3
Different regimes for the LWFA
* S. Gordienko and A. Pukhov PoP (2005)
** W. Lu et al. PR-STAB (2007)
Self-guiding
Main goal
External-guiding
Maximize
Charge
Maximize
electron energy
Self Injection I* Self Injection II** Self Injection** External Injection**
Efciency
0.52/a
0 19%
Typical a0

2n
c
/n
p
(n
c
/n
p
)
1/5
2
PW range
3
Maximum electron energy
Parameter range for 250 J laser system
Self-guiding External-guiding
Self Injection I* Self Injection II** External Injection**
Laser
Plasma
e- Bunch
a0
Spot [m]
Duration [fs]
Density [cm
-3
]
Length [cm]
Energy [GeV]
Charge [nC]
53 5.8 2
10 50 101
1.5!10
19
2.7!10
17
2.2!10
16
33 110 224
0.25 22 500
3 13 53
14 2 1.5
* S. Gordienko and A. Pukhov PoP (2005)
** W. Lu et al. PR-STAB (2007)
Simulation
time [days in
512CPUs]
1 400 12,000
Boosted Frames in LWFA simulations
L
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y

F
r
a
m
e
Laser
Plasma
Resolution gains
Particles
Time steps
Total
Time step (1 + )
Resolution
(1 + )
Plasma
contraction

Total time (1 + )
M
o
v
i
n
g

w
i
n
d
o
w

i
n

L
a
b

F
r
a
m
e
2
(1 + )
2 B
o
o
s
t
e
d

F
r
a
m
e
Laser
Plasma
BOOST
J.-L. Vay, PRL 98, 130405 (2007)
+3GeV self-injection in strongly nonlinear regime
Extreme blowout a
0
=53
Laboratory frame
3000x256x256 cells
~10
9
particles
10
5
timesteps
3.4 GeV
17 nC
Time
x
2

[
P
m
]
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n

E
n
e
r
g
y

[
G
e
V
]
90
60
30
0
3
2
1
0
x
1
[ Pm]
80 60 40 20 0
x
1
[ Pm]
80 60 40 20 0
x
1
[ Pm]
80 60 40 20 0
x
1
[ Pm]
80 60 40 20 0
10
-3
10
-1
e
-

d
e
n
s
i
t
y

[
1
.
5
e
1
9

c
m

]
-
3
10
1
10
1
S.F. Martins et al, Nature Physics (2010)
~300x faster
than lab simulation
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n

E
n
e
r
g
y
L
a
b

[
G
e
V
]
2
6
10
14
13000 12500 12000
6000 5000 4000
x
2

B
o
o
s
t

[
P
m
]
x
1
Boost [Pm]
x
1
Boost [Pm]
x
1
Boost [Pm]
x
2
Boost [Pm]
100
200
300
400
400
200
200
300
300
2400
0
1200
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
e
-

E
n
e
r
g
y

L
a
b

[
G
e
V
]
-
3
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
[
2
.
7
e
1
7

c
m

]
-1
80
40
0
5
3
1
10
-2
10
x
3
Boost [Pm]
Laser
pulse
Accelerating
electron beam
+10GeV self-injection in nonlinear regime
Controlled self-guided a
0
=5.8
Laser
pulse
Injected
electrons
Smooth
accelerating eld
Boosted frame
7000x256x256 cells
~10
9
particles
3x10
4
timesteps
=10
7-12 GeV
1-2 nC
10
20
30
40
0 1 2 3 4 5
E
z

[
G
V
/
c
m
]
x
1
Boost [Pm]
0.1
0.0
-0.1
6000 4000 2000 0
Distance [m]
E
n
e
r
g
y

[
G
e
V
]
+40GeV with externally injected beams
Channel guided a
0
=2
Stable accelerating
eld for over 5 meters
Guiding channel
Length: 5.28m
Density: 2.2e16 cm
-3
Tailored injected
beam to minimize
nal energy spread
Boosted frame
8000x128x128 cells
~5x10
8
particles
2x10
5
timesteps
=10
40 GeV
~1 nC
Laser
pulse
~300x faster
than lab simulation
Regime comparison and ne-tuning
7000x256x256 cells
~10
9
particles
3x10
4
timesteps
=10
Distance/L
acc
45 Pm
L = 2.5mm
acc
L = 21cm
acc
L = 5.3m
acc
w = 100 Pm
0
w = 50 Pm
0
w = 10 Pm
0
w
0
B
u
b
b
l
e

r
a
d
i
u
s
/
W
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0.2 0.4
(a) (b)
0.6 0.8 1
#

p
a
r
t
s

[
a
.
u
.
]
Energy [GeV]
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
50 Pm
55 Pm
Parameter scan allows for optimization of beam properties
Particle accelerators & plasmas
Requirements for high energy physics
High Energy
High
Luminosity
High Beam
Quality
Polarized
Beams
What about positrons?
~ 300 J for energy frontier [next gen lasers]
nC charge injected/loaded [next gen lasers]
all optical injection [demonstrated]
LWF structure is compatible
Low Cost 100 GV/m [demonstrated]
Contents
Gamma ray beams
Relativistic shocks
Conclusions
Applications for LWFA beams
HEP Collider & radiation
LINAC
undulator
1
0
0
m
1
k
m
1
c
m
E > 10 GeV
B ~ 1 T
L
i
g
h
t

S
o
u
r
c
e
s

(
F
E
L
)
P
l
a
s
m
a

b
a
s
e
d
Ultra short
accelerating
structure
Undulator like
motion in ion
channel
Betatron radiation in plasma wakeeld acceleration
UCLA/SLAC/USC have demonstrated x-ray
betatron radiation with SLAC beam (28 GeV)
Ultra short
accelerating
structure
S. Wang et al, PRL (April 2002)
I ~ 10
19
photons/s 0.1 % BW mm
2
mrad
2

@ 6 keV
Laser plasma
accelerators operating @
higher plasma densitites
(10
14
cm
-3
10
17
cm
-3
)
Prad scales with ne
2
Critical frequency
scales with ne
Scaling for multi-PW lasers (300 J class lasers)
Moderate blow-out (matching conditions of W. Lu et al*)
Theory
Wiggler
strength
Matched Conditions
Betatron** in LWFA conditions Engineering
Critical
Frequency
Radiated
Power
Radiated
Energy
* W. Lu et al. PR-STAB (2007)
** E. Esarey et al. PRE (2002)
3a
/c
r
e
m
e
c
2
a
2
N
e
/3
Power l
acc
/c
k
p
r
0
0
/
p
=
p
/
2
k
p
r
0
3/2
p
/
0

0
= r
0
/W
0
26([300 J])
1/6
(
0
[m]/a
0
)
1/12
580([300 J]/a
2
0
)
1/3
(
0
[m])
1/6
0
2.8 10
7
([300 J])
5/6
(
0
[m])
5/12
a
1/6
0

0
2.5
2
([300 J])
1/3
a
4/3
0
(
0
[m])
1/3
kW
3
2
([300 J])
2/3
a
5/3
0
(
0
[m])
1/6
GW
37
2
([300 J])
4/3
a
2/3
0
(
0
[m])
1/3
J
53
2
([300 J])
5/3
a
1/3
0
(
0
[m])
1/6
mJ
...
...
...
Particle tracking in OSIRIS
Technically challenging
Subset of ~10
3
particles in ~10
9
Storing information for every particle
not feasible
10
4
iter. " 10
9
part. ~ 500 TB
Relevant physics associated
with small subset of particles
Record detailed 7D phase-space
of interesting particles
nd interesting
particles
run simulation
again
follow interesting
particles
run simulation tag all particles
visualize tracking
information
>10GeV simulation for next generation lasers
Radiation due to betatron oscillations in 12 GeV/300 J stage
Main features of the radiation (back-of-the-envelope calculations)
Total radiated energy ~ 80 mJ
Typical photon energy ~ 0.1-1 MeV
Typical # of photons ~ a few 10
11
Beam divergence ~ Kwiggler/ ~ 2 - 5 mrad
Ebeam ~ 10 GeV
nplasma ~ 10
17
cm
-3
r0 ~ rbeam ~ 5 m
+10 GeV blowout LWFA stage
Radiated Power
P =
1
12
e
2
c
3
4
p
r
2
0
2
Typical Frequency
c
=
3
4c
2
r
0
2
p
Kwiggler ~ 52
Full Particle Tracking & Radiation
Collimated radiation beam for >12 GeV e- beam
measured beam angular
divergence (/2):
in x2 = 0.64 mrad
in x3 = 0.61 mrad
theoretical estimates:
K3020, 25002.6"10
4
=K/ =120.77 mrad
26.5 cm 25.8 cm
X-rays to -rays betatron radiation
theoretical estimates:
2.5"10
3
2.6"10
4
r08.32.1 m
cr ~ 72 keV1.9 MeV
spectral intensity at center point
zoom
Contents
Gamma ray beams
Relativistic shocks
Conclusions
Gamma Ray Bursters
Relativistic colliding ows present in many astro scenarios

N. Gehrels, L. Piro and P. J. T. Leonard, Scientic American, Dec. 2002, p. 89
Plasma instabilities critical to shock formation and eld structure
B-elds generated by current
lamentation/Weibel in GRBs
[Medvedev & Loeb, Gruzinov & Waxman, 99, Silva et al, 03]
Fields in relativistic shocks
are mediated by Weibel/current
lamentation generated elds
[Spiktovsky 08, Martins 09]
Shock
front
|B|
2
density
Ion trapping
Multiple crossing
Energy increase
Shock front
Ion escaping
Fields in shock Fermi acceleration B-eld generation/amplication
Ab initio Fermi acceleration
determined by structure of the elds
in the shock front
[Spitkovsky 08, Martins et al, 09]
B-eld amplication in
upstream region via non-
resonant Bell instability
[Bell 04]
CR magnetic eld and shock acceleration 557
Figure 4. Magnitude of the magnetic eld in the (x, y) plane; slices at z = 0. The grey-scale minima (black) and maxima (white) at each time as bracketed
pairs (minimum, maximum) are: (0.81, 1.22) at t =0, (0.69, 1.35) at t =2, (0.40, 2.30) at t =4, (0.20, 12.01) at t =6, (0.09, 39.88) at t =10, (0.24, 79.72) at
t = 20.
rg1 decreases as the magnetic eld increases non-linearly, thereby
effectively moving the boundary between regimes I and II to higher
k. If the maximum scalelength for wave growth is determined
by rg1, the saturation magnetic eld can be estimated to be B
0 j r g1 0 j p1/eB with a scalelength k
1
r g1. The cor-
responding magnetic energy density is B
2
/20 p1 j /2e
v
2
s
/2 vsUcr/2c ln ( p2/mpc). For our typical parameters, the es-
timated saturation eld driven by CR at 10
15
eV in the upstream
plasma is 100 G with a scalelength 3 10
14
m, and the mag-
netic energy density is 4 10
11
J m
3
. A favourable aspect of
this saturation process is that the dominant scale-length automati-
cally becomes equal to the Larmor radius rg1 as required for Bohm
diffusion.
This estimated saturation eld is that driven only by the highest
energy CR. Magnetic eld on smaller scales will be generated by
lower energy CR in the plasma closer to the shock. Immediately
upstream of the shock the total turbulent magnetic energy density
will be an integral over the energy density on all scalelengths. If we
speculate that the energy density in each unit bandwidth (k/k =
1) is vsUcr/2c ln ( p2/mpc) at all k, then the total saturated magnetic
energy density is
B
2
sat
20
1
2
vs
c
Ucr. (28)
This estimate for the total saturation magnetic eld needs the support
of non-linear simulations in which the CR are treated kinetically
over a large range of scalelengths, but if our argument is correct, it
shows that a large saturation magnetic eld is favoured by a large
shock velocity and a large upstream density as B
2
sat
v
3
s
. Once
again, this points to very young SNR as the site for CR acceleration
to high energy. Similarly, if the shock velocity is signicantly lower
than our typical value of 10
7
m s
1
, saturation effects may stop the
generation of magnetic eld much beyond the typical interstellar
value.
10 GENERAL APPLI CATI ON
The process of magnetic eld amplication described in this paper
may be applied to other sites of diffusive shock acceleration, and also
wherever there is strong CRstreaming even if the CRare accelerated
elsewhere. Equation (19), which gives the condition for waves to
be strongly driven and regime II to exist, can be rewritten as the
condition that j > B/0r g1 where r g1 = p1/eB and p1 is the
momentumof the lowest energy CRdriving the waves. Furthermore,
using j =(vs/c) e (Ucr/p1)/ln( p2/mpc) as given in Section 3, the
condition can be rewritten as vsUcr > cB
2
/0 ln( p2/mpc). Since

vs is the CR drift velocity relative to the upstream plasma, the CR
energy ux is I cr = vsUcr, and the condition takes the form
Icr > ln(max/mpc
2
)
cB
2
0
, (29)
where max = c p2 is the maximum CR energy. This condition
may be used to assess the likelihood of magnetic eld amplica-
tion by strong CR-streaming in other scenarios, although the factor
ln (max/mpc
2
), which arises from the shape of the CR distribution,
will vary from case to case.
To within factors of ln (max/mpc
2
), equation (28) shows that
the magnetic eld is amplied to a level at which equation (29)
is marginally satised. This expresses a form of equipartition, but
of energy uxes rather than energy densities.
11 CONCLUSI ONS
Previous work has assumed that the magnetic uctuations that scat-
ter CR during diffusive shock acceleration are Alfv en waves with a
wavelength in resonance with the CRLarmor radius. We have shown
here that, during acceleration at the outer shocks of SNR, the mag-
netic uctuations are more usually strongly driven, non-resonant,
nearly purely growing modes at shorter wavelengths. The modes
have a circular polarization contrary to that of the Larmor rotation
C 2004 RAS, MNRAS 353, 550558
e
-
e
+
Magnetic
Spectrometer
Polarized
Laser Beam
Faraday
Rotation
~5cm
Schlieren
X-ray
Diagnostic
29 GeV electron and
positron bunches
Dephasing technique
to overlap beams
Typically used in PWFA to
reduce bunch distance to
~100 microns
20 cm plasma
Emittance = 10
5
mrad
n
e
= 2.7 10
17
cm
3
Probing
magnetic elds
x
=
y
= 2
z
= 20 m
Conguration for e-e+overlap and reball generation
Muggli, Martins, Silva, in preparation
Relativistic reballs in the laboratory
z [Pm]
x [Pm]
100
100
150
150
50
50
0
40
80
y [Pm]

150 0 20 40 60 80 100 50
150
100
50
y

[
P
m
]
150
100
50
y

[
P
m
]
x [Pm] z [Pm]
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

[
2
.
7
e
1
7

c
m
-
3
]
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
M
a
g
n
e
t
i
c

F
i
e
l
d

[
T
]
20
10
0
-10
-20
100
10
1
Density
Magnetic Field
Beam is charge neutral = no blow-out
Electrons
Positrons
Beam lamentation and B-eld generation
Standard
5x beam temperature
10x plasma density
2 4 6 8 10
Distance x [cm]
L
o
g

(
H
1
0
B
B
0
2 4 6 8
Distance x [10 c/Z ]
p
3
-0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Weibel
instability
Linear stage
Beam length
< p
Transition from purely transverse to mixed mode
Beam lamentation and B-eld generation
nb=nplasma
Beam length
~ p
Radiation is direct evidence for scattering in Weibel turbulence
Provides direct link with astro/lab observations
n
v
t
d
2
I
dd
=
e
2
4c
n [(n
]
(1 n

)
2
e
i(t
n.r(t
)/c)
dt
2
Full radiation calculation to
determine polarization/full
spectral content/ coherence
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
Var1
10
6
10
7
10
8
S
e
l
e
c
t
e
d

V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
Var2
Var3
Var4
Var5
!/!
p
P
(
!
)
! !
! !
-1
! !
-2
Synthetic radiation spectrum
standard synchrotron yields
1/3

Jitter/wiggler regime in Weibel turbulence
predicts (Medvedev 2000)
Break associated with jitter/
wiggler regime?
d

I
/
d
in standard synchroton models
-(-1)/2

is the power law dependence of f(E)
H. Takabe
H. Takabe et al, PPCF 50, 124057 (2008)
Formation and propagation
of Weibel mediated
collisionless shocks
Recent developments Youichi Sakawa et al, HEDLA (2010), submitted to PRL (2009)
Numerical Parameters
x kp = 0.5 - 1.5
z kp = 0.5 - 1.5
Particles per cell = 64
# particles = 5x10
9

# time steps = 10
5
I
g
n
i
t
i
o
n

l
a
s
e
r
Launching shocks with ultra-intense lasers
0 = 1m
I0 = 5x10
19
- 5x10
21
Wcm
-2
plane polarized
56 m x 16 m
ne0 = 100 nc
mi/me = 3672 (D
+
)
Ti0 = Te0 = 100 eV

Physical Parameters
Laser
Plasma
F. Fiza et al, in preparation (2010)
Relativistic shock launched @ ultrahigh intensities
Magnetic eld
Electron density
Ion phase-space
Current lamentation instability
leads to thermalization/slow down
of incident beam
reected ions
shock front
hot region
strong mass build-up/compression
~ 20 c/pi
Shock jump conditions veried
electron density
vreected ions = 0.2 c
vshock = 0.1 c
vhole boring = 0.07 c
**
R. D. Blandford and C. F. Mckee, Phys. Fluids 19, 1130 (1976)
laser
vshock
vreected ions
vhole boring
n2
n1
*
S. C. Wilks et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1383 (1992)
hb
=
n
c
2n
e
Zm
M
I
2
1.37 10
18
1/2
= 0.07
*
shock
=
(1 +
ad
d
)
2
d
1
1 +
d
+
ad
(
2
d
1)
0.1
n
2
n
1
=

ad
d
+ 1
ad
1
3
**
~ 100 c/pi
Contents
Gamma ray beams
Relativistic shocks
Conclusions
Conclusions
+ 40 GeV beams with 250 J laser system
New laser systems in the 10 PW range able to explore full range of LWFA
scenarios
From high charge multi-GeV beams to externally injected 40 GeV beams

High brilliance gamma-ray beams from betatron radiation
Betatron radiation generated can reach novel parameters not achievable with
other machines
Gamma-ray beams from betatron radiation with ~ 10 GeV beams

Relativistic beams/ows for astrophysics
Beams appropriate to probe basic processes relevant in relativistic

astrophysics
Ability to drive relativistic shocks in the laboratory

L.O. Silva-Particle Acceleration &amp Relativistic Astrophysics in The Lab

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L.O. Silva-Particle Acceleration &amp Relativistic Astrophysics in The Lab

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relativistic astrophysics in the lab

Relativistic colliding ows present in many astro scenarios

/0 ln( p2/mpc). Since

in standard synchroton models

Particles per cell = 64

Ti0 = Te0 = 100 eV

From high charge multi-GeV beams to externally injected 40 GeV beams

Gamma-ray beams from betatron radiation with ~ 10 GeV beams

Beams appropriate to probe basic processes relevant in relativistic

Ability to drive relativistic shocks in the laboratory

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