New Revised syllabus From Class VI to X Mathematics

Table-3 Subject: Maths Syllabus Distribution of Major themes / topics & themes wise concepts across classes from VI to X of A.P. Distribution of class wise Class VIII

S. N o. 1

Major themes / topics units Number System:

Class VI

Class VII

Class IX

Class X

Number System: i) Knowing out numbers: Prime, Composite, Coprimes Sieve of Eratosthenes Factors, divisors and Multiples, Prime Factorization L.C.M., H.C.F. and properties Problem solving using L.C.M. & H.C.F. ii) Playing with numbers:Simplification of brackets Basic patterns of Divisibility Tests divisibility of ( 4,7,8,9 & 11) iii) Whole numbers: Properties of 0 & 1 Number line, seeing patterns

Real numbers Concept of set, set language. Notation: Roster form (misting numbers, elements) Candidates will be extended to be familiar with the terms and symbols connected with sets. Set of numbers: N,W,I, or Z, Q and R. Subsets: Concept of subset. Rational numbers: Properties of rational numbers. (including identities). Using general form of expression to describe properties. Consolidation of operations on rational numbers. Rational numbers of all properties (closure, associating, commutative, identity, inverse) for all operations in brief Table showing all properties

Real numbers Introduction of irrational Nos. Representation of rational and irrational Nos. on number line, Real numbers: union of rational and irrational numbers Group, abelian group, field, ordered field Introduction of surds: Types of surds Conjugate surds Rationalization of a surd i. Powers: Integers as exponents Laws of exponents with integral power ii. Square and square roots square roots: a. factor method b. Division method (not more than 2 decimals places)

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iv) Integers : The need of integers, representing on number line. Ordering of numbers, comparison, additions, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers (Rational numbers) Simple fractions, Comparison of Rational Numbers. Four fundamental operations, decimal fractions, Terminating and non terminating Decimals. Conversion of proper fractions into decimal fractions and vice versa. Properties of Rational numbers through patterns Representing rational number on the number line Word problems involving decimal fractions ( two operations ( together on money mass and temperature)

Representation of rational numbers on the number line. Between any two rational numbers there lies another rational number (Making children see that if we take two rational numbers then unlike for whole numbers, is this case you can keep finding more and more numbers that lie between them). Verbal problems of daily life situations. Def. of rational numbers, properties, table of properties of n,w,z,q. Order properties of rationals Examples for some terminating, non-terminating Ex: 17/5 = 3.4, 2/3 = 0.6. 1/11=0.09 Problems and examples Eg: 0.12=3/25, 0.3=1/3 etc. Notation, trail and error of finding z, properties of square roots with examples Factorization method of finding square roots Definition of cube Method for finding the cube root of a number (prime factorization) Perfect cubes

Cubes and cube roots: Only factor method ( not more than 3 digits) estimating square roots and cube roots Introducing Pythagorean triplets iii. Playing with numbers: Finding the missing numerals represented by alphabet in sums involving any of the four operations number puzzles and games number patterns

ARITHEM ETIC

ARITHEMETIC RATIO-PROPORTION: Ratio as a form of comparison, terms of ratio, antecedent and consequent. Expression of ratio in least terms. Proportion as equality of two ratios concept of mean proportion, third and fourth proportions. Unitary method Direct & Inverse proportions Simple word problems on Direct and Inverse proportions ( on time and work) PERCENTAGES: Concept of % and simple applications conversion of fractions and decimals into % and vice-versa. Finding what percent of one number is of another number.

Commercial Mathematics Revision of ratio Terms of ratio Definition of compound ration with examples Definition of proportion Terms of proportion Rule of proportion Finding unknown term of a proportion Definition of direct proportion symbolic notation, constant Problems related to real life situations Same as for indirect and mixed proportions Percentages (Profit / loss, discount) Percentage on introduction Understanding percentage as a fraction with denominator 100 Converting fractions and decimals into percentage and vice-versa Application to profit and loss (single transaction only) How percentage of profit / loss in business How percentage is described in discount

Compound interest Difference between SI & CI (Compounded yearly up to 3 years or half yearly up to 3 steps) Extension of profit and loss, discount partnership, continuing of inverse proportion, time and work and application. Clock mathematics Relative speed, angular speed

Arithmetic: Time & Distance Problems on Relative Speed (related to trains& steamers) Loans Repayments in installments. Sales Tax, VAT

ARITHMETIC: Income Tax, Banking stocks, shares and brokerage.

Algebra

Algebra Introduction: Constants, Variables, terms, Coefficients, Powers, Algebraic expressions. Degree of expression. Like terms & unlike terms. Monomial and binomial. Addition of algebraic expression vertically & horizontally. Subtraction of algebraic expression. Multiplication of monomial by monomial. Multiplication of binomial by monomial. Use of Brackets & Parenthesis. Value of expression. Exponents & powers. (Simple problems) (Basis, Power, Index)

Simple interest Application to simple interest (time period in complete years). Definition of simple interest Describing P,T,R Calculation of S.I using I = PTR / 100 Finding amount on S.I as A = P (1 + TR /100) Algebraic expressions Definition of Algebraic expression terms, coefficients Value of expression: Values for monomials, binomials and multinomials with examples Degree of monomial / polynomial: Definitions with examples Zero of polynomial: Distinguish between zero of a polynomial / zero polynomial with examples Simplest form of an expression: Simplification of terms by adding like terms and arrangement by degree of terms

Sets Introduction of sets concept of a set different representations of a set finite and infinite sets, universal set complementary set, single ton empty set Cardinal number Equivalent sets, Equal sets Power sets Exponents and powers a. Meaning of x in ax (x Z) b. Laws of positive integral exponents am x an = am+n (m,nZ) am / an = am-n (m>n) = 1/ an-m (m<n) c. (am)n = amn = a1/m d. (a/b)m = am / am, a0 = 1 Reduces na = a1/m Polynomials Multiplication and division of

ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS : Extraction of Square roots of Algebraic expressions. Meaning of a square root and extraction of square root. C) Symmetric , Homogeneous Cyclic Expressions: i) Definition of a Symmetric function of (x) in two variables x and y. f(x,y) is Symmetric if f(y,x) = f (x,y) Ex: ax+ay, ax+ay+b, ax2+ay2 ax2+ay2 + bxy+cx+cy+d

Statements and sets Statements i. Introduction to statements. ii. Negation of a statement iii. Connectives iv. Compound statements. v. Converse, Inverse, contra positive of conditional vi. Tautology and contradiction. vii. Open sentence and quantifiers.

Equations: Mathematical Statements Meaning of an equation Different kinds of equations Simple equations Problems involving Simple equations

Additive inverse of a polynomial: Define with examples Addition and subtractions of polynomial: Problems in horizontal and vertical methods Formulae and their uses formula Defining formulae using square grids (known formulae) Writing of formula in symbols: Using known variables and expressing a formula in words Subject of a formula Change of subject in a formula: Change of formula into symbolic notation Changing subject by defining the properties of subject Writing auxiliary formulae Number patterns / network patterns: Creating new formula using number patterns, network patterns with examples Exponents and powers Concept of exponent power:

polynomials of nth degree (n=4) Special products expansion of expressions by use of special products (a+b)2, (a-b)2, (a+b) (a-b), (abc)2 (a+b)3, (a-b)3, a3+b3 , (x+a (x+b), a3-b3 , [(a+b+c)] (a3+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)] etc. Factorisation: Factorisation of expressions by using special products. Factorisation of quadratic expression Monic quadratic expression Quadratic expression

ii) Definition of homogeneous polynomial upto three variables and upto 3rd degree. Ex: ax+by, ax2+bxy+cy2 Definition of cyclic expression f(x,y,z) is a cyclic if f(y,z,x) = f (x,y,z) Ex: x2(y-z)-y2(z-x)+z2(xy) Introduction of & notation factorization of cyclic expression. Quadratic polynomials a) Definition of quadratic polynomial standard form of quadratic polynomial ax2 +bx+c=0, a0 b) Factorization of quadratic polynomials using special products. c) Factorization of quadratic polynomials method of splitting middle term. Eg: x2 5x+6

viii. Algebra of statement. ix. Methods of proof x. Application of truth table (net work) Sets Revision of application of sets in the form of word problems. Proof of laws of set operations. Theorem: Equality of two sets of x<y and y<x then x=y. 1. Idempotent Law AUA = A, AA = A. 2. Associative law : (AUB)UC = AU(BUC), (AB)C = A(BC). 3. Commutative Law: AUB = BUA, AB = BA. 4. Distributive Law: AU(BC) = (AUB) (AUC), A(BUC) = (AB)U(AC). 5. Identity Law: AUB = BUA, AB = BA. 6. Complement Law:

Linear equations Solution of linear equation in the variable (x,y) of first degree Ax+by+c=o,a,b,c R A ,o, bo simultaneosly Solving by elimination method. Solving by substitution method. Simple situational problems must be included. Understanding of y=mx, y=mx+c. Simple problems on equations

Defining an exponent, base power with examples

Laws of exponents: Expanded form and short form of a power Laws of exponents with examples Idea of how a = 1 ? Special products Review of simple algebraic products: Rules of multiplications Horizontal / vertical methods of multiplication Product of monomial with monomial, binomial, multinomial: Product of a binomial with another binomial: Expanding products using special products

and expression of the form (x+p)(x+q)(x+r)(x+s)+t and reciprocal polynomials solving ax4+bx3+dx2+bx+a, which are reducible into quadratic polynomials. d) Solution of quadratic equation by formula method x= -b (b2-4ac)1/2 / 2a Sum of the roots Product of the roots Discriminant Framing quadratic equations when roots are given (, ) Sets I. Revision of i) A Set- Set language. ii) Representation of setRoster form and set builder form iii) Finite and infinite sets, empty set. Iv) Subjects and equal sets. Listing out subsets in every day set.

AUA' =A, AU = 7. De Morgan Laws: (AUB) = A B, (AB) = A U B -----------------------------Relations and functions:Relations Ordered pair equality of ordered pairs Cartesian product Representation by graphic method Properties. A X (BUC) = (AXB) U(AXC) A x (BC)= (AXB) (AXC) Through examples. Relations as found in everyday life. Definition of a relation as a subset of Cartesian product relation expressed in set builder form, tabular form. Domain range of a relation, universe of a relation - equivalent relations Reflexive symmetric, transitive, Anti symmetric, equivalent relation and examples.

Special products of (a+b)2, (a-b)2 , (a+b) (a-b):

Geometrical proofs for special products Application of special products in daily life problems ( if possible) with good no. of

exercises. Factorization Definition of algebraic factor Definition of HCF of algebraic term Rule of common factor with examples Taking common term by changing signs Taking common by shifting the terms Definition of perfect square terms, square roots with examples Factorization with special products (perfect squares) Eg: x2 + 2x+1 = x2+2(x)-(1)+(1)2 = (x+1)2 = (x+1) (x+1) Equations and inequations Review of simple equations Properties of equalities with examples Method of transposition for solving equation Solution of equations with involving different models Verbal problems (daily life situation) Ineequalities with examples

v) Cardinal number of a set. Equivalence, Super set, power set of a set. vi) Set operationsunion and intersection , disjoint sets vii) Universal setcomplement of setII). (i) difference of two sets. (ii) Venn diagram. (iii) Operation on sets and their properties, AUB= BUA, AB= BA (AUB)UC=AU(BUC) (AB) C = A (BC) 1 =U, U1 = , (A1)1 =A (iv) Transpose concept and its properties. n( AUB)+n (AB) = n(A) +n(B) where n(A) is the number of elements in a finite set A and formulae for n(AUBUC) , n (ABC) and

Functions: Introduction of functions Types of functions Compound functions ---------------------------POLYNOMIALS Polynomials over Integers : 1. Roots of Polynomials and their determination by Inspection-conditions under which 1, -1, 0 are roots. 1.1. Remainder theorem factor theorem. 1.2. Factorizing polynomials of third and fourth degree using factor theorem and symbolic division method. 1.3. Factorising cyclic expression. 1.4. Quadratic equationsdiscriminate nature of roots relation between roots and coefficients. Graphical solution of

Inequal relations with number lines

problems there of. Problems on application of sets.

quadratics. 1.5. Binomial theorem -------------------------PROGRESSIONS Arithmetic Progressions Introduction to series of different types. Motivation for studying A.P. Derivation of standard th results of finding the x term and sum of first n terms in A.P. Summation n, n2, n3 Motivation for studying G.P. Derivation of standard results of finding the nth and sum of first n terms in G.P. Introduction to H.P. Coordinate geometry Review the concepts of Co-ordinate Geometry done earlier including

Geometry

Basic Geometrical Ideas( 2 D) Introduction to geometry, its linkage with daily life. Point, Line , Line segment,

Triangles Definition of triangle, interior Sides and angles Types of triangles acc. To

Coordinate geometry Co-ordinates of point Plotting of points in co-ordinate axes (Cartesian place)

Coordinate geometry i) Distance formula From origin Between two points

Between ness, Ray Open and closed figures. Interior and exterior of closed figures. Angle Vertex, arm, interior and exterior Triangle-vertices, sides, angles, interior and exterior, altitude and median. 6.Quadrilateral-Sides, vertices, angles, diagonals, adjacent sides and opposite sides (only convex quadrilateral are to be discussed), interior and exterior of a Quadrilateral. Circle-Centre, Radius, diameter, arc, sector, chord, segment, semicircle, circumference, interior and exterior. UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTARY SHAPES (2 D AND 3 D) Measure of Line segment.

sides and angles Properties of triangles Sum angle property Sum of the sides, difference of two sides Equivilateral triangle, isosceles triangles Exterior angle of triangle property Definition of congruency, property of congruencies of triangles SAS, ASA, SSS, RHS properties with figures Concurrent lines, points of concurrencies + circumcentre, incentre, orthocentre centroid Construction of triangles (all models)

Linking linear equation in two variables of the type (ax +by+c=0) in the Cartesian co-ordinate system. Graphical solutions system of linear equation in two variables. The line segments which can be drawn from a point not on it, the perpendicular distance is shortest. Triangles: 1. (Motivate) two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the other triangle (SAS congruence). 2. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other triangle (ASA congruence). 3. (Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS congruence). 4. (Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle is equal

ii) a) Mid point formula b) Section formula (Division of a segment internally & externally in a given ratio). iii) Inclination of a line, slope of a line, Parallel lines, Perpendicular lines with reference to slope. iv) Slope-- intercept form. ----------------GEOMETRY I. Quadrilaterals 1. (Prove) The diagonal divides a parallelogram into congruent triangles. 2. (Motivate)In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal and its converse. 3. (Motivate)A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides is parallel and equal.

graphs of linear equations, y=mx+c, (y-y1)= [(y2-y1) / (x2-x1)] (x-x1) (y-y1) = m(x-x1) x/a+y/b =1 Parallel form and perpendicular forms of line Distance between points and derivation of formula Area of a Triangle GEOMETRY I. Triangles Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles. 1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. 2. (Prove)If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.

Quadrilaterals Quadrilateral, sides, angles, diagonals Interior, exterior of quadrilateral Convex, concave quadrilateral differences with diagrams Sum angle property with problems Types of quadrilaterals with diagram and listing of properties with problems Construction of quadrilaterals General method

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Measure of angles Coplanar lines: Concept a. Intersecting and Non intersecting lines b. Parallel and Perpendicular lines c. Transversal d. Concurrent lines. Types of angles-acute, obtuse, right, Straight, reflex, complete and zero angle. Classification of triangles ( on the basis of sides, and of angles) Types of quadrilaterals Trapezium, parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus. Simple polygons ( introduction) ( up to octagons regular as well as non regular) Identification of 3-D shapes: Cubes, Cuboids, Cylinder, sphere, cone, prism (triangular), pyramid (triangular & square) Identification and locating in the surroundings. Elements of 3-D figures. (Faces, Edges and vertices) Nets for cube, cuboids, cylinders, cones and tetrahedrons.

Four sides, are angles Four sides, are diagonal Two adjacent sides, three angles Three sides, two diagonals Three sides, two angles in between Construction of parallelogram Construction of trapezium Construction of rhombus Construction of rectangle Construction of square

(respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the other triangle. 5. (Motivate) In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite to congruent side are congruent and its converse. 6. (Motivate) In a triangle if two sides are unequal, then the angle opposite to the third side is shorter and its converse. 7. (Motivate) The sum of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side. 8 (Prove) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal. 9 (Motivate) The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal. 10 (Motivate) In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and its converse. 2D Geometry Introduction to Geometry: History of Geometry Contribution of India in the development of Geometry. Euclid: His mathematical contributions His definitions and axioms /

4. (Motivate) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and its converse. II. AREA Review concept of area, recall area of a rectangle. 1. (Prove) Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels have the same area 2. (Motivate) Triangles on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area and its converse. 3. (Motivate) If three or more parallel lines make intercepts on one transversal, then they make equal intercept on any other transversal.

3. (Prove)If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar. 4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar. 5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar. 6. (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and

Symmetry Line symmetry for regular polygons Rotational symmetry

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SYMMETRY (REFLECTIONS) 1. observation and identification of 2 D Symmetrical objects for reflection symmetry. 2. Operation of reflection (taking mirror images) of simple 2 D objects. 3. Recognizing reflection symmetry (identifying axes)

postulates. Equivalent versions of the fifth postulate. Lines and Angles 1. Formation of statement of theorems, methods of proofs and steps in proving a theorem. 2. (Motivate) Given two distinct points, there exists one and only one line through them. 3. (Motivate) Two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common.

to each other. III. LOCUS 1. (Prove) The locus of a point equidistant from two given points is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining them. 2. (Motivate) The locus of a point equidistant from two intersecting lines is the union of the pair of lines bisecting the angles formed by the given lines. IV. CIRCLE 1. (Motivate) If two arcs of a circle (or congruent circle) are congruent then their corresponding chords are congruent. 2. (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the angle subtended by the arc at a point on the remaining circle. 7. (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on their corresponding sides. 8. (Prove)In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides. 9. (Prove) In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to sum of the squares on the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side is a right angled triangle. II. TANGENTS TO A CIRCLE (10) Tangents to a circle motivated by chords drawn from points coming closer and closer to the point. 1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is

CONSTRUCTIONS( USING STRAIGHT EDGE SCALE, PROTRACTOR, COMPASSES ) Drawing and Construction of A line segment. Circle, given a point and a radius. Perpendicular bisector. Construction of angles ( using protractor) Angle 600, 1200 (using compasses) Angle equal to a given angle (using compass) A line perpendicular to a given line from a point

4. (Motivate) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so formed in 1800 and the converse. 5. (Prove) If two lines intersect, the vertically opposite angles are equal. 6. (Motivate) Results on corresponding angles, alternate angles and interior angles when a transversal intersects two parallel lines. 7. (Motivate) Lines, which are parallel to a given line, are parallel. 8. (Prove) The sum of the angles of triangles of triangle is 1800. 9. (Motivate) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angles so

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On the line Outside the line 8. A line parallel to a given line.

formed is equal to the sum of the two interiors opposite angles of all Circles: Through examples, arrive at definitions of circle related concepts, radius, circumference, diameter, chord, are subtended angle. 1. (Motivate) (Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and its converse. 2. (Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a cord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord. 3. (Motivate) There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points. 4. (Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center(s) and conversely. 5. (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. 6. (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. 7. (Motivate) If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on the

3. (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal. 4. (Motivate)An angle in a semicircle is a right angle. 5.(Motivate) If a line segment joining two points subtended equal angles at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle. 6. (Prove) The sum of either pair of the opposite angles of cyclic quadrilateral is 1800 and its converse. V. CONSTRUCTIONS 1. Construction of bisectors of angles, 600, 900, 450 angle etc., and also equilateral triangles.

perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact. 2. (Prove)The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to circle are equal. 3. (Motivate) If two chords of a circle intersect inside or outside of the circle when produced, the rectangle formed by the two segments of the other. 4. (Prove) If a chord drawn through the point of a contact of a tangent to a circle, then the angles which this chord makes with the given tangent are equal respectively to the angles formed in the corresponding alternate segments, and its converse. 5. (Motivate)If two circles touch each other (internally or externally) the point of contact lies on the line through the

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same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle. 8. (Motivate) The sum of the either pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 1800 and its converse.

2. Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other two sides and one base angle. 3. Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and base angles. 4. Construction of a triangle equal in area to a given convex quadrilateral. 5. Construction of a triangle equal in area to that of a given pentagon.

centers. III. CONSTRUCTIONS 1. Division of line segment in the given ratio both internally and externally 2. Tangent to a circle from a point outside it. 3. Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle. 4. Construction of a pair of direct common tangents to two given circles. (Direct common Tangent, Transverse common Tangent ) 5. Construction of quadrilateral using alternate segment theorem

Constructions Circum circle, in circle excircle, medium, orthocenter, centroide of a triangles

Mensurati CONCEPT OF PERIMETER on AND AREA: 1Introduction and general understanding of perimeter using many shapes. Shapes of different kinds with

Areas Area of four walls of a room Areas of rectangular paths Surface areas of cube, cuboid Area of triangle Area of quadrilateral,

Areas 1. Area of triangle using Herons formula (without proof) and its 2. Relation between sides and angles of a triangle (300, 600, 900) (450, 450, 900)

Mensuration Surface area and volume of prism, pyramid, right circular cylinder, Cone, sphere and Hemisphere.

Mensuration Surface Areas and Volumes. i) Problems on finding surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the

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the same perimeter---Square, Rectangle, and Triangle. Perimeter of rectangle and its special case a Square, Deducing the formula of the perimeter for a rectangle and then a square through pattern and generalization by using graph paper. ii) Concept of area and its utility, area of rectangle and a square. iii) Area of triangle, especially when base and attitude are given. 6 Data Handling Data Handling Collection of two dimensional quantitative data. Representation of the data in tabular form. Construction of a bar graph and a pictograph to present a data.

trapezium Parallelogram, Rhombus

Areas of circles Circle Circumference of circle Area of circle Area of circular paths Area of sector Visualizing solid shapes Introduction plane figures and solid shapes Faces, edges and vertices Nets for building 3-D shapes Drawing solids on a flat surface Data Handling Collecting data Organization of data Arithmetic mean, rage Mode Median Bar graph and pie diagram

3. Area of equilateral triangle 4. Application in finding the area of a quadrilateral Area of irregular field (Survey). 5. Surface area of Cube and Cuboids 6. Concept of volume, measurements of volume using a basic unit Volume of a cube and cuboids 7. Volume and capacity (Measurement of capacity)

Problems on finding Surface area and volume of prism, pyramid, right circular cylinder, Cone, sphere and Hemisphere. frustum of a cone.

following, cubes, cuboids , spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinder, cones and problems of frustum of a care. ii) Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problem (problems with contraction of not more than two different solids should be taken.

Data Handling Collection of data both from primary and secondary with pre hypothesis testing Construction of bar graphs percentage bar graphs. Preparation of a frequency distribution table. Cumulative Frequency Distributions. Less than Cumulative Frequency Distribution, Greater than Cumulative Frequency Distribution.

Data Handling Revision: Introduction to Statistics Preparation of a Frequency distribution. --------------------------Preparation of a frequency distribution table. Cumulative Frequency Distributions. Less than Cumulative

Data Handling Definition of Arithmetic Mean, Computation of Weighted Arithmetic Mean (Grouped data), Arithmetic Mean Deviation method (short cut method), Arithmetic mean- Merits and Demerits. Definition of Median Median-ungrouped data Median-grouped data. Definition of Mode (Unmodal and Bimodal data)

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Frequency Distribution, Greater than Cumulative Frequency Distribution, Frequency Graphs Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Frequency Curve, Cumulative Frequency Curves, Less than Cumulative frequency Distribution curve, Greater than Cumulative frequency distribution curve. Probability History Random experiments An event, Experiment, Trial Sample space Mutually exclusive events Dependent events Independent events

Mode for ungrouped data Mode for grouped data Empirical relation among Arithmetic Mean, Median and Mode. Probability i. Revision of Random Experiments An Event Sample space Mutually Exclusive events Dependent events Independent events ii. Theorems of Probability Addition rule Multiplication rule Classical approach of Probability Empirical approach of Probability Probability applications, conditional probability. Some counting techniques: Permutation Combination

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n! (Factorial) Probability distributions: Binomial, distribution (only Pascals Triangle) 7

TRIGONOM ETRY

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TRIGONOMETRY: Introduction (History) Units of Measurement of angles. Sexagesimal system. ii) Centesimal system iii) Radian (Circular) measure. Fundamental Trigonometrical Ratios. (Sin, Cos, Tan etc. 0 /2 Behaviour of Trigonometric Ratios (Table for 00, 300,450,600,900)

TRIGONOMETRY: i. Revision of Fundamental Trigonometrical Ratios. (Sin, Cos, Tan etc. 0 /2 Behaviour of Trigonometric Ratios (Table for 00, 300,450,600,900) ii. Trigonometric Ratios of complementary angles and supplementary angles (A+B, A-B etc., 0 A,B 2) Sin (90-) = cos Cos (90- ) = Sin ii. Proof and applications of Trigonometric Identities. Sin2 + cos2 =1 Sin2 = 1 + Tan2 Cosec2 = 1+ Cot2 etc. iii. Heights and Distances (8) Simple and believable problems on Heights and

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Distances. (Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of Elevation/ depression should be 300, 450, 600) 8
Matrices

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Matrices: Definition, meaning of matrix, types of matrices, types of operations, inverse matrices, Solution of Systems of Linear Equations, by inverse method and crammers rule.

LIST OF FORMULAE: (Probability X class) Relative probability (PA) = m/n Where A is an event getting head, m is total number of times the event occurs and n is the number of times the experiment is performed. P(A or B) = P(A)+P(R) probability of either of the two exclusive events is the sum of the probability. P (A or B) = P (A)+ P( R ) - P(AB) when the events are not mutually exclusive and probability of either A or B is the same of the two probability me m is the probability of A and B hyper ting together. P (AB) = P(A) x P(B) where P (AB) is the J unit probability of the event A and P (B) is the marginal probability of the event B. Thus the J runt probability of the two events occurring together or incussassic is the product of the marginal probability.

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P (B/A) = P (B) in are of independent events, the conditional probability event B, give the occurrence of event A is simply the probability event (B).

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