Grammar Supplement

College Composition I Fall, 2001

Grammar Vocabulary
BASIC 1. Adjective 2. Adverb 3. Clause 4. Comma 5. Conjunction 6. Direct object 7. Interjection 8. Noun 9. Object 10. Parts of speech 11. Period 12. Phrase 13. Predicate 14. Preposition 15. Pronoun 16. Punctuation 17. Subject 18. Verb 19. Verb tense ADVANCED 1. Article (a/an) 2. Auxiliary 3. Colon 4. Complement 5. Compound nouns and verbs 6. Countable and uncountable nouns 7. Expletive construction 8. Gerund 9. Infinitive 10. Intransitive verb 11. Predicate adjective 12. Predicate noun 13. Relative clause 14. Run-on sentences 15. Semicolon 16. Structure 17. Subordinate (verb) 18. Transitive verb 19. Word form

Parts of Speech

A. Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing. Cindy likes to climb the mountains in Taiwan. Charleston is where my sister Karen lives.

Kinds of Nouns Common Nouns1 boy girl Singular Nouns boy girl Singular Possessive boys girls Proper Nouns John Mary Plural Nouns boys girls Plural Possessive boys girls

B. Verb
A verb is a word that expresses action or otherwise helps express an idea.1 Dogs eat. The dogs ate. The dogs will eat. The dogs are eating. The dogs were eating. The dogs will be eating. The dogs have eaten. The dogs had eaten. The dogs will have eaten. The dogs have been eating. The dogs had been eating. The dogs will have been eating. Kinds of verbs 1. Action verbs The baby sang a beautiful song. Eighteen carrots fell from the sky. 2. Linking verbs I am nice. The weather became cold The captains speech seemed slurred. Present Simple Progressive Perfect Perfect Progressive Past Future Present Past Future Present Past Future Present Past Future

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Darling, Charles. Subject-Verb Agreement PowerPoint presentation. Copyright November, 1999, Capital Community College, Hartford, Connecticut .

B. Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing or idea. Kinds of Pronouns

Personal
I, me, mine, myself You, your yours He, him, his, etc.

Indefinite
Anyone, each, Either, none, etc.

Demonstrative
This, that These, those

Interrogative
Who, whom, what, which, whose

C. Adjective
An adjective describes a noun or pronoun. It answers the questions WHICH? WHAT KIND? HOW MANY? The slippery stone flew out of my hand. Some outgoing people are actually quiet. Did you break your yellow pen?

D. Adverb
And adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It answers the questions HOW? WHEN? WHERE? TO WHAT DEGREE or HOW MUCH? Jim ran quickly. Patty arrived at school yesterday. We came here by ourselves. It was too hot yesterday at the park.

E. Preposition
A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is its object.1 Prepositions connect noun or noun phrases to other words in the sentence. Janet is the woman in the blue coat. Life at Christs college will become even more enjoyable after the building has been completed. They had waited in traffic for many hours before they decided to park on the side of the road.
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Darling, Charles. Subject-Verb Agreement PowerPoint presentation. Copyright November, 1999, Capital Community College, Hartford, Connecticut .

Some Common Prepositions1 aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

F. Conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words (and, either, or, but, neither, nor, yet, etc.). Either I counted the money wrong, or he gave me incorrect change. Hilda and Brenda arrived at the train station early, but the train had already left.

G. Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses emotion (Wow! Amazing! Hey! Ouch! etc.)

Darling, Charles. Subject-Verb Agreement PowerPoint presentation. Copyright November, 1999, Capital Community College, Hartford, Connecticut .

Basic Sentence Patterns

Pattern 1

Subject
Mosquitoes The earth The six mice in the boat Pattern 2

Predicate
Intransitive verb buzz. trembled. have been singing and dancing.

Subject
The man Most of the people Their mechanic Pattern 3

Predicate
Transitive Verb stubbed wanted replaced Direct Object his toe. a new government. the old air conditioner.

Subject
Anna My previous neighbor The house Pattern 4

Predicate
Linking Verb is will be seemed Subject complement patient. the new city mayor. unsafe.

Subject
A gentle man The students George and Sally Pattern 5

Predicate
Transitive Verb gave asked sent Indirect Object the bird their teacher me Direct Object ten seeds. a question. a colorful card.

Subject
The class My mother Mr. Smith
.

Predicate
Transitive Verb elected thought appointed Direct Object Maggie the dorm him 5 Object Complement class leader. (was) livable. manager of the project.