FRCC Handbook

Approved by FRCC OC

Voltage and Reactive Control

Requirements

September 8, 2005

1. Monitoring and controlling voltage and MVAR flows. Each CONTROL AREA, individually and jointly, shall ensure that formal policies and procedures are developed, maintained, and implemented for monitoring and controlling voltage levels and MVAR flows within its boundaries and with neighboring CONTROL AREAS. 2. Providing reactive resources. Each CONTROL AREA shall supply reactive resources within its boundaries to protect the voltage levels under contingency conditions. This includes the CONTROL AREAS share of the reactive requirements of interconnecting transmission circuits. 2.1. Providing for reactive requirements. Each PURCHASING-SELLING ENTITY shall arrange for (self-provide or purchase) reactive resources for its reactive requirements. 2.2 Reactive Power shall be supplied or absorbed in a manner such that each CONTROL AREA can be operated without reactive flows adversely interfering with the operations of other CONTROL AREAS or reducing the use of the interconnection unless mutually agreed by the owners of the interconnection. 3. Operating reactive resources. Each CONTROL AREA shall operate their capacitive and inductive reactive resources to maintain system and INTERCONNECTION voltages within established limits. 3.1. Actions. Reactive generation scheduling, transmission line and reactive resource switching, etc., and load shedding, if necessary, shall be implemented to maintain these voltage levels. 3.2. Reactive resources. Each CONTROL AREA shall maintain reactive resources to support its voltage under first contingency conditions. 3.2.1. 3.2.2 Location. Reactive resources shall be dispersed and located electrically so that they can be applied effectively and quickly when contingencies occur. Reactive Reserves. Reactive Reserves should be maintained so that voltage is maintained according to the following table.

Nom. Voltage (kv) 500 230 138 115 69

Min. Voltage (kv) 475 218 131 109 64

Max. (kv) Voltage 535 242 145 121 72

Min. Voltage (kv) Short term - Emergency First Contingency 450 207 124 103 62 Page 1 of 3

3.3. Field excitation for stability. When a generators voltage regulator is out of service, field excitation shall be maintained at a level to maintain Interconnection and generator stability. 4. Operator information. The SYSTEM OPERATOR shall be provided information on the status of available generation and transmission reactive power resources, including the status of voltage regulators, capacitors and power system stabilizers that are modeled in the FRCC Security Process. This information must be provided to the Security Coordinator as soon as practical following the change of capability. 5. Preventing Voltage Collapse. The SYSTEM OPERATOR shall take corrective action, including load reduction, necessary to prevent voltage collapse when reactive resources are insufficient. 6. Voltage and reactive devices. Devices used to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow shall be available under the direction of the SYSTEM OPERATOR. 6.1 Keeping lines in service. Transmission lines should be kept in service as much as possible. They may be removed from service for voltage control only after studies indicate that system reliability will not be degraded below acceptable levels. 6.2 Keeping voltage and reactive control devices in service. Devices used to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow, including automatic voltage regulators and power system stabilizers on generators and synchronous condensers, should be kept in service as much of the time as possible. 6.3 Switching of voltage and reactive devices. Devices used to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow should be switchable without de-energizing other facilities. 6.4 Reactive capability testing. Generating units and other dynamic reactive resources should be tested periodically to determine achievable reactive capability limits. ORS will review the data reported and ensure changes are made to appropriate models as necessary. Purpose: Generator reactive capability data is to be collected to measure and record the real world capabilities (as opposed to theoretical or manufacturer claims) of units. This information shall be provided to appropriate parties for use in their EMS and System Planning databases. (A document that contains all generators tested with the reactive capability will be kept on the FRCC Reliability Only website.) Measurements: 6.4.1 All generating units included in the FRCC Security Process models must be tested every year between May 1 and September 30. Any unit that does not run during this period is exempt from this requirement. All units must be tested at maximum summer continuous MW capability (as reported in the current EIA 411 filing) for maximum reactive generation (lagging) during a peak load period for at least two hours. (Note: During the test, high voltage or stator overheating is possible.) Any special operating constraints or conditions that existed during the test should be recorded and documentation should be provided to FRCC no later than October 31st every year. If the reactive capabilities of a unit can be verified using recent operational data, and presented in standard FRCC format, then this will be sufficient and no testing will be required.

6.4.2

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Appendix A FRCC Log of Generator Testing

Company Date: Completed By:

GENERATOR NAME/PTI BUS NUMBER

EIA 411 REPORTED GROSS CAPABILITY

PEAK LOAD TEST PERIOD DATE TESTED FROM HR TO HR

GROSS MW MAX AT TERMINAL

NET MW MAX HIGH SIDE OF GSU

GROSS MVAR MAX AT TERMINAL

NET MVAR MAX HIGH SIDE OF GSU

LAGGING PF

SITE AMBIENT TEMP

ACTION TAKEN / LIMITING CONDITION

Either Gross or Net must be measured. The other value may be calculated. Gross as reported in EIA 411 or adjusted to gross. 3