CHAPTER 4: HEAT ANSWER 1.

Question 2:Perak 07 (a) (i) (a) (ii) More responsive to heat The fine and uniform tube allows a movement of the liquid to be observed Easily / higher sensitivity 15 mm/1.5 cm = 150 - 15 x 100 190 - 15 = 77.20 C

4. Question 3: Melaka 09 (a)(i) 70oC (a)(ii) 0 (b) (c) Q = mc = 0.2 x 400 x 20 = 1600 J (d) 3oC

(b) (i) (b) (ii)

2. Question 3:Melaka Midyear 09 (a) (i) Kelvin, K (a)(ii) To obtain two fix points high and low (a)(iii) Opaque / easy to see/ does not stick (b) (i) 20.0 cm (b)(ii)

5. Question 5: Johor 07 The quantity of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 or 1 K (b)(i) The temperature of the soup in the metal pot > the clay pot. (b)(ii) The specific heat capacity of the metal pot < the clay pot. 5(a) (b)(iii) -An object with a lower value of specific heat capacity will increase temperature faster when heated by same amount of energy. -The pot that has a lower specific heat capacity requires less heat to increase the temperature. (b)(iv) The lower the specific heat capacity, the higher the increase in temperature. (c)(i) The temperature of the soup in the metal pot < the temperature the clay (c)(ii) An object with a lower value of specific heat capacity cools faster due to its lower amount of heat stored.

84.5 oC

4.2 SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY 3. Question 3: Trengganu 07 (a) There is no net flow of heat between two objects and they have same temperature (b) 45 0C (c) The heat from block P transfer to the water Until the rate of heat transfer between P and water become equal (d) Q = mc = 0.3 x 900 x 55 = 14 850 J
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6. Question 8: SBP 08 (a) Energy transfer from higher temperature body to lower temperature // type of energy that flow (b)(i) 80 2 = 40 C per minute (ii) 100 -20 7 = 80 7 = 11.43 C per minute (c) Iron - the rate of change of temperature is higher (d) C iron = 50 x 2 x 60 0.25 x 80 = 300 J kg-1 C -1 C Al = 50 x 8 x 60 0.25 80 = 1200 J kg-1 C -1 (e) A - it has lowest specific heat capacity // easily to get hot 7. Question 7:Kedah 08 (a)(i) The energy transferred from a hot object to a cold object // the energy transfer because of the difference in temperature (ii) The temperature of the forehead is higher than the temperature of the pad. Heat is transferred from the forehead to the pad (b) 36 15 Q = 30 x 43 x (36-15) = 2709 J (c) Increase the mass of the gel The heat removed increases with the mass of the gel //

the heat removed is directly proportional to the mass Use a gel with higher specific heat capacity The heat removed increases with the specific heat capacity of the gel // the heat removed is directly proportional to the specific heat capacity of the gel.

4.3 SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT 8. Question 5: Teknik 07

(a) To find the amount of ice that

has melted due to the heat from the surroundings. (b) Both have the same reading. Latent heat of fusion. (c) (i) 20.0 g (ii) 200.0 g (iii) 180.0 g (iv) Q=ml Pt=ml l = 200 x 5 x 60 0.18 = 3.33 x 105 J kg -1

9. Question 6: Johor 08
(a) Heat from the surrounding

Heat from the metal plate

(b) Solid to liquid (c) (i) Specific latent heat of fusion (c)(ii) Heat absorbed is used to

overcome the forces of attraction between the molecules of the ice

6.72 x103 J 3.36 x105 J kg 1 (d) L 3 20 x10 kg

(e)

Condensation of water vapour on cool surface

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10. Question 7: Kedah 07 (a) Quantity of heat required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid to liquid without any change in temperature (b) (i) Cup B (ii) The ice is exposed to the surroundings The ice absorb heat from the surroundings (c) Heat released = 0.5 x 4500 x (75.5 -25) = 113,625 J (d)(i) (mi x 3.36 x 105 ) + [mi x 4200 (25 0) = 113,625 mi = 0.26 kg (d)(ii) No heat loss from the coffee to surroundings

(c) (d) 13. (a) (b)

11. Question 8: SBP Mid 08 (a) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1oC. Low specific heat capacity. The temperature increased faster. Black painted cooper Good heat absorber. Low rate of corrosion. Not easily break. Material R Energy = Power x time = 500 x 120 = 60000 J Energy = mc 60000 = 1 x 4200 x = 14.28 oC

Increase Pressure Law Question 5: MRSM 08 Bourdon Gauge (i) The volume of gas in Diagram 5.1 is larger than in Diagram 5.2. (ii) The pressure in Diagram 5.1 is smaller than in Diagram 5.2 (iii) The temperature does not change (c) Graph P inversely proportional to V (d) Boyles law (e) The number of gas molecules per unit volume decreases as the volume decreases / gas molecules are closer to each other The gas molecules collide with the wall of the gas container more frequently. 14. Question 6: Melaka Mid 08 The reading of the Bourdon Gauge in Diagram6.2 is higher than in Diagram 6.1 Pressure Temperature Temperature is directly proportional to pressure Pressure Law Volume When the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of gas molecules increases, The gas molecules will collide more frequently with the wall of the container, so the pressure will increase.

(a) (i) (a) (ii) (b) (c) (i) (c) (ii) (c) (iii) (d)

(b) (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (d)

(e)

4.4 GAS LAWS 12. Question 1: Trengganu 08 (a) (b) Bourdon Gauge Pressure
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(a) (b) (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (b) (iv) (c) (d) (i) (d) (ii)

15. Question 6: Melaka 08 Heat is a form of energy Diagram 6.2 is higher // vice versa The temperature in Diagram 6.2 is higher Volume When volume is higher, the temperature is higher // directly proportional Charles Law = absolute zero Volume of air is zero // the air molecules is at rest //kinetic energy is zero 16. Question 7: SBP Mid 08 Decreased Increased When the volume is decreased, the air pressure is increased Mass of the air trapped. Boyles Law Use a bigger piston Use a thicker rubber piston. P = Patm + Pwater = 10 + 0.5 = 10.5 m water P1V1 = P2V2 V1 = P2V2 P1 = 10.5 x 0.5 10 = 0.525 cm3

(a) (i) (a) (ii) (b) (c)

17. Question 7: SBP 07 Increase Pressure Pressure Law T2 = P2 T1 = 230 x 300 P1 200 = 345 K // = 72 C Wider surface area The pressure exerted on road is reduced Thick tire thread To give better grip to the road

(d) (i) (ii) (d) (iii) (iv)

(a) (i) (a) (ii) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (i)

18. Conceptual: SBP 07 (a) Heat is the quantity of energy that is transformed from one hot object to a cold object (b) 1. Figure 9.1 shows a situation where a solid changes into liquid / Figure 9.2 shows a situation where a liquid change into gas 2. Both processes have a change in the state of matter. 3. Both processes require heat. 4. The heat absorbed is not to raise the temperature, to overcome the force between the molecule particles during the physical change. 5. Concept involved is Latent Heat

(f) (ii)

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19. Conceptual: Negeri 9 08 The kettle is hotter than the ice block / The ice block is colder than the kettle. The hand feels hot when it touches the hot kettle / The hand feels cold when it touches the ice block. Diagram 9.1 shows heat flows from the kettle towards the hand while Diagram 9.2 shows the heat flows from the hand towards the ice. The heat will flow from a hotter object towards a colder object. 20. Understanding: Johor 08 Put the thermometer in melting ice , mark the lower part of mercury thread,l0 Place the same thermometer in the boiling water, mark the top part of the mercury thread, l 100 Divide the length between the two marks inti 100 equal divisions Each division is now equal to 1 o C 21. Understanding: SBP 08 Temperature is the measure of the degree of hotness of an object. Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient, Heat is transferred from patients body to the thermometer. Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patients body is reached The thermometer and the patients body are at the same temperature. The
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thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patients body. 22. Understanding: Negeri 9 08 Sea has higher specific heat capacity than land. The temperature of the sea increases slower than of the land. The air above the land is warmer than the air above the sea / Density of air above the land is lower than the density of air above the sea. The warm air above the land rises up. Air from the sea moves towards the land. 23. Understanding: SBP 07 1. Water evaporates from the skin when we sweat. 2. For water to evaporate it use heat from the body 1. Steam condenses to form water so, 2. Large latent heat of vaporization of steam is released by steam.

ii

(a)

(b)

(a) (b)

24. Understanding: Melaka 08 Volume = area x height pressure of air is inversely proportional to the volume of air the pressure inside the air bubbles is equal to the water pressure which is high at the bottom so the volume of air bubbles is small. as air bubble goes up to the

surface, the pressure decreases., so the volume of air bubbles increases. 25. Qualitative problem: SBP 07 Suggestion Explanation Use insulator To prevent the behind the loss of heat absorber panel energy Use an A black surface absorber panel is a good which is painted absorber of black. radiation so it will absorb heat faster The pipe inside Metal is a good the plate must heat conductor, be made of so it will metal transmit heat to water easily Pipe embedded Longer pipe will in plate must be enlarge surface long area will absorbs heat faster A storage tank To give higher must be place pressure at a higher level Use glass cover To trap heat on the top of the energy. panel (energy is radiated in, but cannot radiate out again).

26. Qualitative: Negeri 9 08 Modification Explanation Use the Fluorescent lamp fluorescent lamp use less power not a filament and economic bulb (consume less power) compare to filament bulb Bigger cover Less reflection with white on eyes and colour absorb less heat energy and good heat reflector Use the The height of the adjustable lamp can be stand adjusted Or portable Can be used anywhere Connect with Avoid short circuit the earth wire and damage on the bulb Use an energy Produce same saver lamp brightness with less power consumption 27. Making Decision: Melaka 08 safety valve is to releases extra needed steam so that the pressure is the cooker does not reach a dangerous stage Thickness of the to withstand high pot is high pressure specific heat heats up quickly capacity of the and food will be pot is low cooked faster specific heat heats up slowly capacity of the and can be held handle is high with bare hands

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K is chosen because it has a safety valve, high thickness, low specific heat capacity of the pot, high specific heat capacity of the handle 28. Making Decision: Johor 08 Characteristics reason Specific heat Faster to get hot capacity is low Melting point is Does not melt high easily Good conductor The heat can be of heat lost easily Rate of The shape of the expansion is fin unchanged moderate The most suitable because specific is P heat capacity is low, melting point is high, conductor heat is good, rate of expansion is moderate Q= mc = 0.5 x 450 x 10 = 2250 J Energy lost = 10 x 2250 = 22500 J

R is chosen

quickly because Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box, Smaller size of ice cream box, Plastic PVC, Bright color of outer box

30. Quantitative problem: SBP 08 (a) Pt L = m = 0.1 x 10 3 x 156 0.05 = 312000 J kg-1 (b) t = 72 s (from graph) c = Pt m = 0.1 x 10 3 x 72 0.05 x 140 = 1028.57 J kg-1 C 31. Quantitative problem: Melaka 08 P1= 75 cm Hg, V1 = 10 cm P2 = 75 + 3 = 78 cm Hg P1V1 = P2V2 (75)(10) = (78) (V) V2 = 9.62 cm 32. Melaka 09 (a) (i) Heat is a form of energy. (a)(ii) The heat energy absorbed is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the molecules without increases in the kinetic energy. Temperature directly proportional to the kinetic energy

(c)

(d)

29. Making Decision: SBP 08 Characteristics Reason Low specific Easy get cold // heat capacity of becomes cool ice cream box quickly Smaller size of Easier to carry // ice cream box easy to become cool Plastic PVC Poor conductor of heat Bright colour of Does not absorb outer box heat from surrounding
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(b)(i) The amount of heat required to convert a unit mass / 1 kg of liquid into gas without change in temperature. (b)(ii) The specific latent heat of water vaporization is very high energy. When the steam is condensed the hot water droplets drops on the fish caused the fish to cook faster Characteristic High specific heat capacity High melting point Low density Explanation the handle will not heated. the handle will not melt easily. the handle is lighter and easy to handle. easy to stir the food as it has a relatively low density, high melting point, high specific heat capacity and slim

Shape of the handle is slim R is the most suitable material

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