Mappings - Exercises

NGUYEN CANH Nam1

1 Faculty of Applied Mathematics Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics Hanoi University of Technologies namnc@mail.hut.edu.vn

HUT - 2010

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Summary
Denition Let S, T be sets; a mapping (or a map or a function) from S to T is a rule that assigns to each element s S a unique element t T . Denition Let f be a mapping from S to T . For s S, f (s) is called the image of s under f , also the value of f at s. The set of all elements f (s), when s ranges over all elements of S, is called the image of S under f or the range of f , and is denoted by f (S): f (S) := {t | t = f (s), s S} or f (S) := {t | s S, t = f (s)}
NGUYEN CANH Nam Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Summary
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Denition Given a mapping f : S T and a subset A T , we may want to look at B = {s S | f (s) A}, we use the notation f 1 (A) for this set B, and call f 1 (A) the inverse image of A under f .

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Summary
continue...

Denition A mapping f : S T is said to be one-to-one (written 1-1) or injective if for s1 = s2 in S, f (s1 ) = f (s2 ) in T . Equivalently, f is 1-1 iff (s1 ) = f (s2 ) implies that s1 = s2 . Denition The mapping f : S T is onto or surjective if every t T is the image under f of some s S; that is, if and only if, given t T , there exists an s S such that t = f (s). Denition The mapping f : S T is said to be 1-1 correspondence or bijective f is both 1-1 and onto.

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 1

Let f : IR IR given by f (x) = x 3 6x 2 + 11x 3. Find f 1 ({3}).

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Solution

x f 1 ({3}) f (x) = 3 x 3 6x 2 + 11x 3 = 3 x 3 6x 2 + 11x 6 = 0 (x = 1) (x = 2) (x = 3) Hence f 1 ({3}) = {1, 2, 3}.

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 2

Let A be the subset of Z consisting of the even integers and let Z B be the subset of Z consisting of the odd integers. Let a Z mapping f : Z Z dened by Z Z f (n) = n2 3n + 5, (n Z Z).

Prove that 3 f (A) f (B) and so deduce that f (A B) = f (A) f (B).

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Solution

We have n2 3n + 5 = 3 if and only if (n = 1) (n = 2) It means that f (1) = f (2) = 3, then 3 f (A) f (B). Since A B = then f (A B) = = f (A) f (B).

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 3

Let f (x) = x 2 2x + 3 a) Determine a such that f : IR (, a] is a surjection. b) Determine b such that f : (b, +) (, 3] is an injection.

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Solution.

a) a = 4

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

b) b > 0

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 4

Let f : S T be a map and A, B S, C, D T . Show that a) f (A B) = f (A) f (B). b) f (A B) f (A) f (B). Give an example where f (A B) = f (A) f (B) c) f 1 (C D) = f 1 (C) f 1 (D).

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 5

Prove that a mapping f : S T is injective if and only if f (A) f (B) = f (A B) for all A, B S.

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises

Exercise 6

Suppose that f : IR IR dened by f (x) = a) Find f (IR). b) Find f 1 (Z Z)

5 + sin 2x 5 + cos 2x

NGUYEN CANH Nam

Mathematics I - Chapter 3 - Exercises