T.J.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KARAPAKKAM, CHENNAI 600 097

LAB MANUAL ME 2209 CAD/CAM

INTRODUCTION TO CAD Computer Aided Design is the process of developing and using computer assisted design tools in the design process. The advent of computers has contributed to significant advance in calculation, data handling and utilization applications. The ability to use the computers in these application areas enhances the capability of the design team significantly. Drafting and geometric modeling play significant roles in CAD. The module therefore concentrates on the geometric general design process with specific consideration to drafting and geometric modeling. The various design related tasks which are performed by a modern computer-aided design system can be grouped into four functional areas computer-aided design system can be grouped into four functional areas 1. Geometric Modeling 2. Engineering Analysis 3. Design review and evaluation 4. Automated drafting Geometric Modeling: It is concerned with the computer compatible mathematical description of the geometry of an object. Object can be represented by geometric model by wireframe, surface model or solid model. Engineering Analysis:
The analysis may involve stress-strain calculation, heat transfer computation etc., of the system being displayed. The computer can be used to aid in this analysis work Analysis may be a. Mass property analysis b. Finite element analysis The analysis of mass properties is the analysis feature of CAD system which provides properties of solid object being analyzed, such as the surface area, weight, volume, centre of gravity and moment of inertia. In FEA the object is divided into large number of finite elements which form interconnecting networknetwork concentrated nodes. By using a computer with significant computational Capabilities, the entire object can be analyzed for stress- strain, heat transfer coefficient at nodes

Design Review and Evaluation:

Checking the accuracy of the design can be accomplished conveniently on the graphical terminal. Semiautomatic dimensioning and tolerance routines which assign size specification to surface indicated by the user help you to reduce the possibility of dimensioning errors.

Automated drafting: It involves the creation of hard-copy engineering drawings directly from the CAD database. Most of the CAD systems are capable of generating as many as six views of the parts. Engineering drawings can be made into company drafting standard by programming the standards into the CAD system. When the final design is achieved the drafting & detailing of the model starts, followed by documentation & production of final drawings

INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRIC MODELING A geometric modeling is defined as the complete representation of an object that includes in both graphical and non-graphical information. In computer-aided design, geometric modeling is concerned with the computer compatible mathematical description of the geometry of an object. The most advanced method of geometric modeling is solid modeling in three dimensions. This method uses solid geometry shapes called primitives to construct the object. Basically there are three types of modeling, they are a. Wire Frame Modeling b. Surface Modeling c. Solid Modeling Wire Frame Modeling:
This is the basic form of modeling; here the objects drawn will be simple but more verbose geometric model that can be used to represent it mathematically in the computer. It is sometimes referred as a stick figure or an edge representation of the object. Typical CAD/CAM system provides users with possibly three modes to input coordinates: Cartesian, Cylindrical or Spherical. Each mode has explicit or implicit inputs.

Surface Modeling A surface model of an object is more complete and less ambiguous representation than it wire frame model. It is also richer in associated geometric contents, which make it more suitable for engineering and design applications. Solid Modeling A solid model of an object is more complete representation than its surface model. It is unique from the surface model in topological information it stores which potentially permits functional automation and integration. Defining an object with the solid model is the easiest of the available three modeling techniques.

INTRODUCTION TO PRO-E Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is a 3D Computer Aided Design software package created by Parametric Technology Corporation. It is a feature-based, parametric, and associative solid modeling software package, which helps to create 3D designs for mechanical engineering. A model designed in Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 incorporates the following modeling approaches: Feature-based: A model is made up of a combination of various features, such as extrusions, holes, cuts, rounds, sweeps, and slots. A feature is the smallest building block of a model. Parametric: A model consists of various features that are interrelated to each other and every feature consists of certain attributes. This approach ensures that modification of an attribute of a feature affects the complete model. Associative: A model design passes through three modes Sketch, Part and Assembly. This approach ensures that modifications made in one mode of a model should be reflected in other modes of the same model. Solid Modeling: This approach ensures that the model must have properties of a solid object, such as volume and surface area. There are four modes a solid model passes through during designing phase namely; Sketch Mode: Used to sketch geometry for a model Part Mode: Used to create features of a model Assembly Mode: Used to create an assembly design Drawing Mode: Used to generate the drawing of the parts and assemblies created in part or assembly mode Features of Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0: User-Interface Auto-Round Remove Surface Shell Dimension Attributes

 View Manager Surface Manipulation Rendering Electro-Mechanical Components Import data doctor Feature Recognition Tool kit Starting Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0: Start All Programs PTC Pro ENGINEER Pro ENGINEER Modes in Pro/ENGINEER Sketch mode: The sketch mode in Pro/E Wildfire 4.0 is used to draw 2-D sketch to a 3-D feature. To draw a sketch, various sketching entities are available in Sketch Tool bar. Combination of various sketching entities leads into a complete sketch. Various Sketching Entities: Line, Circle, Arc, Circular fillet, Elliptical fillet, Splines, Text Dimensions: Whenever a sketching entity is created, some dimensions are automatically applied on that entity. These dimensions are weak dimensions and are gray in color. Dimensions that we apply on sketched entities are called strong dimensions. When we apply strong dimensions, then weak dimensions are automatically deleted. Other Commands in Sketcher: Dimensions Applying Constraints Modify Trimming Entities Mirroring Entities
Deleting Entities

Part Mode: The part mode is used to build 3D solid features, such as holes, cuts , round etc and has properties such as mass, volume and surface area. The files saved in part mode are saved with .prt extension. The following tools are therein part mode namely, Extrude Revolve Sweep Blend Extrude: Extrusion is the process of defining a volume by protruding/removing the sketched cross-section along an axis to the normal section plane. There are various pick and place features. Pick and place features, are construction features that operate on existing feature. The pick and place features are Draft Loft Hole Rib Shell Round Chamfer Revolve: The revolve tool revolve/rotates the sketched section through the specified angle about the centerline. Sweep: The Sweep option extrudes a section along a defined path. For creating a sweep we have to define a cross-section and path, the path (Trajectory) can be opened or closed one. Types of Sweep: Constant Section Sweep Helical Sweep Variable Section Sweep

Blend: The blend command creates a feature, by joining two or more planar sections at their edges, to form a continuous feature. The number of entities in each section should be the same. There are three types of blend Parallel Blend Rotational Blend General Blend Assembly Mode: An assembly is a collection of parts, oriented and positioned together. The assembly mode provides the designers a set of smart tools, to assemble several parts effectively, into a perfect design. The full associativity of Pro/ENGINEER reflects any changes, made on a part, in all assemblies where the part is used. The general procedure for creating assembly is as follows: 1. Import files into the assembly file. 2. Create additional parts in the assembly mode. 3. Add constraints to the parts. 4. Perform assembly operations if required. 5. Create an exploded view. There are two types of assembly, Top-down Assembly Bottom-up Assembly Top-down Assembly: In the top-down approach of assembling the components, are created in the assembly file itself, and then assembled, using the assembly constraints. The parts created in assembly mode are saved as .prt files. Bottom-up Assembly: In this method, the parts are created in the part mode and assembled in the assembly mode, using assembly constraints. Assembly files created in this method, occupies less disc space as they contain only the information related to the assembly of components. However, if any of the assembly components is moved from its original location, the assembly will not open.