Pradeep's SCIENCE: BIOLOGY

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1.5.3. Exchange of Gases in Plants 1.5.4. Exchange of Gases in Aquatic and Terresoial Organisms 1.5.5. The Respiratory System in Human beings 1.5.6. Mechanism of Breathing 1.5.7. Exchange of Gases in Tissues Fonnative Assessment Exercise 1(a) Transportation 1 7 Transportation in Human Beings ] .8. Blood Vascular System 1.8.1. Functions of Blood Vascular System 1.8.2. Blood Clotting 1.8.3. Blood Vessels 1.8.4. The HUman Heart 1.8.5. Double Circulation 1.9. Lymphatic System 1.10. Transportation of Materials in Plants 1.10.1. Transportation of Water and
Minerals

1. Nutrition. It is a process by which the org obtain and utilise the nutrients (food). These nutrients the source of energy which come from outside the b o d y individual the organism. Since the life on earth depemainly on carbonbased molecules (e.g., carbohydra proteins. fats, etc.), most of these nutrients are also c based. Nutrition of different organisms involves diff processes. Plant nutrition involves the process photosynthesis in which the green plants synthesi carbohydrates with the help of carbon dioxide and sunli Animal nutrition involves taking of food inside the and its digestion. 2. Respiration. It is a process that involves breakd of nutrients through oxidation and release of energy ~ cellular needs. For this, many organisms take oxygen outside the body.
3. Transport. In the case of single-celled orgaru (e.g., Amoeba), no specific organs for getting nutrie oxygen. water

C OAbsorption of Water and Minerals

(ii) Ascent of Sap (iii) Transpiration

1.10.2. Transportation of Food and Other Substances 1.11. Excretion 1.11.1. Excretion in Animals 1.11.2. Excretion in Plants 1 12. Renal Failure and Technology for Survival I Fonnatlve Assessment Exercise l(b) I NCERT Text Book Activities With Discussion and Conclusion NCERT Text Book Questions and Exercises with Answers

or removal of wastes are needed because entire body surface of such organisms remains in con with the environment. They enter into the cell by si diffusion. However. in case of multiceUular organisms . bumans and higher plants, simple diffusion is not sufficio& to meet the oxygen and nutritional requirement of alllhl cells. Such organisms develop specific organs and tis<uel for transportation of materials from one part of the body ~ another part. This process is called transport. 4. Excretion. The biochemical reactions involved it assimilation of carbon dioxide, digestion of nutrients a n d oxidation of digested nutrients generate some by-produco which are not only useless for the cells, but also cause toxi: effects if not thrown out. Removal of the excess or t o x i c wastes from the body is called excretion and the sy siea consisting of tissues and organs related with excretion is called excretory system. Let us consider all these life processes in some more detail. 1.2. NUTRITION

NCERT Exemplar Problems with Answers,_ Hints and Solutions Summadve Assessment Exercise

Higher Order Thinking Skills Questions with Answers Summative Assessrltent Mod< Test 1

All living organisms need nutrients (food) to build up most of their own body molecules and to get energy for doinj work. Nutrients are inorganic as well as organic substances which the organisms obtain from their surroundings in order to synthesize their body constituents and use them as a source of energy.