Anda di halaman 1dari 34

The Hyogo Framework for Action

an instrument to reduce the


impact of disasters

Sálvano Briceño
Director, International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UN/ISDR)

www.unisdr.org

Annual Hazards Research and Applications


Workshop
8-11 July 2007 Boulder, Colorado, USA
Overview

I Global data and trends on “natural” disasters


Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters

II Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action

III Strengthening the ISDR system

IV The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)


I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters
= lowest 40%
= middle 30%
= highest 20%

World Bank Global Hotspots Study –


25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people highly exposed to at least one natural hazard;
105 million people highly exposed to three or more hazards.
Global Trends - Disasters are NOT natural
Natural hazard X Vulnerability = Disaster Risk
Natural and human-induced hazards, Climate
change and variables (global warming, “global
dimming”…) HAZARDS +
EXTREME EVENTS
Poverty, unplanned urban growth, lack of
awareness and institutional capacities...

Insufficient land use planning, housing,


Infrastructures located in hazard prone areas VULNERABILITY
Environmental degradation; coastal, watershed,
marshlands
Extreme events
Climate Change
“Costs of extreme weather alone could
reach 0.5 - 1% of world GDP per annum
by the middle of the century, and will
keep rising if the world continues to
warm.”

“Climate change is happening and


measures to help people adapt to it are
essential. And the less mitigation we do
now, the greater the difficulty of
continuing to adapt in future.”

STERN REVIEW: The Economics of Climate


Change, 2006
Regional distribution of disaster
People killed in % by type of hazard (1994-2006)
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED)
EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database
Agenda in progress
Disaster Risk Reduction
1989 - IDNDR 1990-1999 – promotion of disaster reduction, technical and
scientific buy-in
1994 - Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action – first blueprint for
disaster reduction policy guidance (social & community orientation)
2000 - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) - increased
public commitment and linkage to sustainable development, enlarged
networking and partnerships. Mechanisms: IATF/DR, ISDR secretariat,
UN Trust Fund
2002 - Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD Includes a new
section on “An integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address
vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management…”
2005 - WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 Building the
Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
2007 - Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva 5-7 June
Disaster Risk Reduction
Major thematic shift in approach - from focus mainly on relief
to reducing risk & vulnerability for sustainable development

Long-standing Growing Sustainable


humanitarian scientific development
concerns advancements

Raised political profile to reduce vulnerability & disaster risk

Resilient communities - lives saved, livelihoods


protected, economies growing & greater chance
of achieving sustainable development
II Implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action
The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: building

the resilience of nations and communities to disasters

Agreed by 168 Governments at the second World


Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan,
18 – 22 January 2005

ƒ Disaster reduction is essential for


sustainable development
ƒ Strengthen institutions (especially in
communities) that build resilience
ƒ Build risk reduction into emergency
management and recovery
Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
Five priorities for action:
1. Governance: ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and
local priority with strong institutional basis for implementation
2. Risk identification: identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and
enhance early warning
3. Knowledge: use knowledge, innovation and education to build a
culture of safety and resilience at all levels
4. Reducing the underlying risk factors in various sectors
(environment, health, construction, etc.)
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response
National level
Progress in implementation of the HFA

National Platforms for DRR established in 50


countries,

115 countries designated HFA focal points,

31 linked to CCA/UNDAF,

31 linked to PRSPs of World Bank


Regional level (para. 31, HFA)
• Regional coordination is being strengthened through cooperation among
UN, non-UN and regional organizations
• Inter-governmental strategies adopted (Africa/AUC, Asia, Andean
region/CAN, Pacific/SOPAC, Euro-Mediterranean/Council of Europe…)
• Regional collaborative centres: initiatives of China (drought), Iran (seismic
risk) and others developing
• ISDR Asia Partnership, and others
• In Indian Ocean, tsunami early
warning and recovery has stimulated a
wider risk reduction agenda
Overview and challenges
Two years after the World Conference of Disaster
Reduction and launch of the HFA….
• Vulnerability increases more rapidly than expected,
disasters also
• Countries are taking concrete action, possibly not enough
• ISDR system is being strengthened
• Greater focus on more explicit, systematic approaches to
support implementation of HFA, adapted to different local
situations and cultures
III Strengthening the ISDR system
Broadening the ISDR: building a disaster risk
reduction movement
The objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focusing
on nations and communities

The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015

The vehicle: ISDR system and movement


Core business
ISDR Priorities
National Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction:
Hyogo Framework for Action
By Governments + implementing partners of the ISDR system
Promote national platforms and advocate with Governments and
agencies (NDMOs, Min Environment, Planning and sectors + civil
society organizations, private sector, academics, media…)
UN country teams, RC/RC societies, regional organizations
“Open Doors” (mainstreaming in PRSPs, CCA/UNDAF, NAPAs policy
tools),
Keep HFA focal points and national platforms informed
Information sharing, public awareness, promotion of good practices,
HFA monitoring, assessment, reporting and guiding
Main elements of ISDR System
Nations and communities
National Platforms,
Government agencies, local
authorities,
NGOs, CBOs, technical
organizations, private sector , Supporting
Global coordination media… mechanisms
Governance ISDR regional and
Global Platform for DRR and thematic platforms
subsidiary bodies UN General Assembly, International and
USG Humanitarian Affairs ECOSOC regional orgs.
Management Oversight Board
UN Country Teams, Red
ISDR secretariat Cross/ Red Crescent
societies
WB Country offices
Platforms
ISDR system levels of action
National implementation
National frameworks, multi-stakeholders, and multi disciplinary with
Support from UN country team – when appropriate

Regional
coordinated international and regional

Based on existing regional and sub-regional strategies and mechanisms


efforts to support national and
ISDR programme

Thematic
local capacities

Building on existing networks, clusters, programmes and other mechanisms

Global
Annual sessions
Subsidiary Programme Advisory/Committee
Practical actions
Reducing vulnerabilities to natural hazards
ƒ Develop culture of prevention and resilience
ƒ Build institutions (policies, legislation, plans...) to actively contribute
to these goals
ƒ Identify risks (hazard & vulnerability assessments, mapping...) and
avoid high risk zones
ƒ Build hazard-resistant structures (schools, hospitals, houses...)

ƒ Protect and develop hazard buffers (forests, reefs, mangroves..)

ƒ Improve early warning, preparedness and response

It’s all in the Hyogo Framework, please use it and “Words into Action”
also…
The way forward
Conclusions and way forward
• Intimate connections between poverty, environment,
climate and disasters require integrated approaches
• Capacity needs for future climate risks are mostly
similar to those for today’s risks, with some changes in
locations
• Urgent need to integrate risk management into
development sectors: health, education, environment,
science, culture, tourism, labour...
• Build alliances for action utilizing ISDR mechanisms:
media, governments, NGOs, academic and scientific
institutions, private sector...
IV The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as
successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR,
1990-1999:

ISDR aims at building disaster resilient communities by


promoting increased awareness of the importance of disaster
reduction as an integral component of sustainable development,
with the goal of reducing human, social, economic and
environmental losses due to natural hazards and related
technological and environmental disasters.
ISDR secretariat’s main functions
9 Policy and coordination (guide & monitor implementation of HFA)
9 Advocacy (biennial awareness campaign, publications)
9 Information management and networks (resource centre
clearinghouse and the “PreventionWeb”)
9 Regional and thematic outreach- support to regional partners &
countries (national platforms and action plans- policy, advocacy,
information, thematic platforms)
9 ISDR system and resource mobilization, the UN Trust Fund for
Disaster Reduction and the WB/Global Facility for DR & Recovery
ISDR secretariat
• Headquarters in Geneva

• Regional offices: Panama, Nairobi, Bangkok, Cairo

• Project offices in Dushanbe, Islamabad and Tehran


• Thematic Platforms (Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning in
Bonn, International Recovery Platform in Kobe; CIIFEN in
Guayaquil; Global Wildland Fires Network in Freiburg, Germany)
• Partner Networks and Regional Centres (ADPC, ADRC, ASEAN,
SAARC, ECO, SOPAC, CEPREDENAC, CDERA, ACS,
CAPRADE, AU/NEPAD, CoE, CIS, etc.)
Current Structure Facilitate the
implementation of
HFA & DRR – raise
Overarching
ISDR secretariat commitment to
reducing losses priority
from natural hazards

Policy and Information


Advocacy and
inter-agency Clearinghouse:
Focus areas public awareness:
coordination: •PreventionWeb
& •Media outreach
• Guidelines (HFA) •Network of expertise
Key results •Good practices
• Progress reporting •Info standards
•Foster champions
•Policy papers

Regional outreach: Supporting partners in regions and countries


Same focus
•Promote national platforms & action plans
regional/
•Regional partnerships/strategies
national

Management, monitoring and resource mobilization


Service the •Donor relations – stable funding
ISDR system •DRR investment tracking (prototype)
•Work-programme monitoring
First Session
Global Platform for Disaster Risk
Reduction

5-7 June 2007 in Geneva, Switzerland


1200 participants attended
120 governments
64 UN specialized agencies
and observer organizations
54 NGOs

Multi-stakeholder forum for all parties


involved in disaster risk reduction
to raise awareness, share experience and
guide the International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction system.
Next steps, follow-up to the Global Platform (Chair’s
Summary)
Supporting country efforts
• The need for action is more urgent than ever - growing
risk and slow progress in implementing the Hyogo
Framework for Action
• Support to the achievement of a target number of national
platforms for disaster risk reduction is needed
• Investment in risk reduction needs to be substantially
increased
• Countries need to quickly establish systems to monitor
and report on their risk profiles and on the
implementation of the Hyogo Framework
• The private sector needs to engage more substantively
• Focus and selection is necessary
Gaps in implementation of the HFA –
Next steps, follow-up to the Global Platform (Chair’s Summary)
Programme focus

• Develop synergy between climate change adaptation and DRR


• Many cities and urban areas are crucibles of growing disaster risk
• Education and School Safety; health and safe hospitals
• Women need to be empowered to play a larger role on DRR
• Regional cooperation can play a major role in scaling proven
practices
ISDR system development
• More effort to engage development partners and other key
constituencies (business, academics, NGOs, media…) in
substantive partnerships
• An important task is to develop the ISDR system’s regional
mechanisms, thematic capacities and networking
• The Trust Fund for Disaster Reduction needs strengthening to
support joint work
"Hazard always arises from the interplay of
social and biological and physical systems;
disasters are generated as much or more
by human actions as by physical events;
the present forms of government
intervention in both traditional and industrial
societies often exacerbate the social
disruptions from extreme events; if we go
on with the present public policy emphasis
in many regions upon technical and narrow
adjustments, society will become still less
resilient and still more susceptible to
catastrophes like the Sahelian drought."

Gilbert White
"Natural Hazards and the Third World-A Reply" 1978

Anda mungkin juga menyukai