Name: N.V.

Shashidhar Parimi 04/04/11

Stat Exam

Date:

Problem 3.1.1 Is the graphical representation calculation about Explaining Variability. B/w BG Girls and BG Boys.. > library(alr3) > attach(BGSgirls) > names(BGSgirls) "Sex" "WT2" "HT2" "WT9" "HT9" "LG9" "ST9" "WT18" "HT18" "LG18 "ST18" "Soma" > pairs(~WT2+HT2+WT9+HT9+LG9+ST9+Soma)
85 95 125 145 20 60 100 10 13 16

WT2
95

85

HT2 WT9
25 35 45

145

125

HT9 LG9
24 28 32

60 100

ST9 Soma
10 13 16 25 35 45 24 28 32 3 5 7 7

20

Abouve scatterplot matrix of Graphs show that the clear relation b/w WT2, HT2, WT9, HT9, LG9 ,ST9. It means if one of the person growth increase then also others ( variable values ) Increas, So can state that the +ve attitude towards each other variable shown. > pairs(HT2~HT9+Soma)

125

135

145

HT2

145

125

135

HT9

Soma

85

90

95

Can see the above graph of the matrix of sample correlations b/w the height variables of each .. 3.1.3 For finding a multiple regression model for mean function > lm(Soma~HT2+WT2+HT9+WT9+ST9) call lm(formula = Soma ~ HT2 + WT2 + HT9 + WT9 + ST9) Coefficients: (Intercept) 8.8590417 HT2 WT2 HT9 -0.0009613 WT9 0.1280506 ST9 -0.0092629

-0.0792535 -0.0409358

> summary(lm(Soma~HT2+WT2+HT9+WT9+ST9)) lm(formula = Soma ~ HT2 + WT2 + HT9 + WT9 + ST9) the residual values are

85

90

95

Min -2.03132

1Q -0.34062

Median 0.01917

3Q 0.43939

Max 0.97266

For the coefficient we have to estimate the errors values which is Pr(>|t|) An Intercept 1) HT2 2) WT2 3) HT9
4) WT9

8.8590417 2.3764431 3.728 0.00041 -0.0792535 0.0354034 -2.239 0.028668 -0.0409358 0.0754343 -0.543 0.589244 -0.0009613 0.0260735 -0.037 0.970704 0.1280506 0.0203544 6.291 3.2e-08. -0.0092629 0.0060130 -1.540 0.128373

5) ST9

The std Error is 0.5791, 64 degrees, the Multiple R is 0.5211, and by the adjustment of value the R value would be 0.4837 stated ,the statistics of F would be 13.93, on 5& 64, The P value is 3.309e-09 Yes it fit the multiple linear regression model are good.. The born Childers of girls and boys data. Executed

Problem 5.6.1 .. .. Jevons gold coins The data library(alr3) > attach(jevons) > names(jevons) [1] "Age" "n" "Weight" "SD" "Min" "Max"

> plot(Weight~Age)

The above plot show the values has been decreasing from in order .. but stil its in proper order .. may not accept the decrees values .. But in its in line. it has more morel ethics to decrees even Now for the to find SD with Age of Ppl lets plot the value. > plot(SD~Age)

Fr

The above values shows that (plot or graph) increasing values of Age and in SD (Age is proportionate S.D)

Conclusion: So, From the above give data s .. Scatter plot of Weight versus Age. And the SD has been found .. it says the total process of plot and graphs explains the data has some regression delay in mean while at initial stage when it compared with SD .. Moved in order by reveres.. I mean a Incremental order.. it is Good plot of view . as given standard weight of a gold sovereign was supposed to be 7.9876 g; the minimum legal weight was 7.9379 g. the final SD shows its in equal to the actual data provided and summated The problem 6.17 Continuation with above Jevons The data by using Delta method. The program fallows as The weight and age are taken in account of SD with Coefficient . The summer state as > summary(lm(Weight~Age,weights=(n/SD^2)))$coef Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)

(Intercept) 7.99652179 0.0013219826 6048.88577 9.964249e-12 Age -0.02375617 0.0008797498 -27.00333 1.114497e-04

Then the plot value of weight and age again written > plot(Weight~Age)

Weight

7.88 1

7.90

7.92

7.94

7.96

3 Age

> abline(m1)

WITH VALUE COMPARESION OF M1 AS 7.93SO ON > abline(7.9379,0)

THE ABOVE VAUE SHOWS THAT ALLTHY DO NOT TOUCH EACH OTHER AD DISTICT IN THE LINE IT MEANS FAIL TO THE OVERALL TREND IN THEGRAPH. IT IS GOOD .. THE APPLYING DELTA METH NOW DIRECTLY > delta.method(m1,"(7.9379-b0)/b1") Estimate SE (7.9379-b0)/b1 0.003317994 1.071017e-05

(7.9379-7.996521)/(-0.002375615) [1] 24.67614

> 2.467612-1.96*0.04940154 [1] 2.370785 > 2.467612+1.96*0.04940154 [1] 2.564439

I could notb able to understand way he .. determined a SD error of jevous voind dta where .. The number in inverse form the plot showed that the data has error when Sd and the delta methods woudl try to solve the data error more elaborate .. but it has bit on unsolved condition date is good still my be need more concentration in solving this errors the cut of mark state above as 7.936 around if it would be somewhere 7.91 to 7.915 is good .. good to see it has equal intervals of time in values. 1)Question) Anwer) The function (regression) cannot always be written as a linear combination of the terms so me times may be bit in order of out flow of data. So weed in condition to estimate the nonlinear regression Example: in the turkey diet supplement experiment description. The Gauss network method is the Best example for nonlinear regression which realise on linear approximations to the non linear . > library(alr3) > attach(lakemary) > names(lakemary) [1] "Age" "Length"

> plot(Length~Age)

Can see the above increasing functional graph as may be bit merged.. but in order and increasing way. Age Vs Length > lm(log(1-(Length/200))~Age) Call: lm(formula = log(1 - (Length/200)) ~ Age) Coefficients: (Intercept) -0.03288 Age -0.36283

The intercept is beta0, the age is 1 becuz ( it is lestha .5 , and above the .05 value) K*=-betahat1 t*=betahat0/-betahat1 t*-> -0.03288/+0.36283 [1] -0.09062095 > nls(Length~Linf*(1-exp(-k*(Age-t0))),start=list(Linf=200,k=0.36283,t0=0.09062095))

Nonlinear regression model model: Length ~ Linf * (1 - exp(-k * (Age - t0))) data: parent.frame() Linf k t0

192.81044 0.40628 0.08087 residual sum-of-squares: (9014) Number of iterations to convergence: 4 Achieved convergence tolerance: 1.288e-06 > summary(nls(Length~Linf*(1-exp(-k*(Age-t0))),start=list(Linf=200,k=0.36283,t0=0.09062095))) Formula: Length ~ Linf * (1 - exp(-k * (Age - t0))) Parameters: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) Linf 192.81044 13.08015 14.741 < 2e-16** k t0 0.40628 0.08087 0.08845 4.593 1.73e-05 ** 0.24019 0.337 0.737

Signif. codes: 0 *** 0.001 ** 0.01 * 0.05 . 0.1 1

Residual standard error: 10.96 on 75 degrees of freedom

Number of iterations 4 for the convergence,So the Convergence tolerance has bees find it conclude the value as 1.288e-06 With the above value of T0 . we canot control the booster so we have to do boost case with m1 .. where equal to 9 value. > bootCase(m1,B=9) [,1] [,2] [,3]

[1,] 185.2013 0.4560830 0.07057400 [2,] 168.6544 0.6901305 0.48709120 [3,] 202.1633 0.3436856 -0.09846979

[4,] 194.7148 0.4009924 0.02435563 [5,] 188.7526 0.4779254 0.52709451 [6,] 209.1252 0.3113117 -0.25082608 [7,] 197.3969 0.3947679 0.08624991 [8,] 194.8587 0.3807068 -0.02749190 [9,] 199.5296 0.3629699 -0.07258126

> matrixboot<-bootCase(m1, B=999) > matrixboot >hist(matrixboot[,1])

H istogramof m atrixboot[, 1]

Frequency

100

200

300

400

500

1 50

20 0

20 5 m trix o 1] a b ot[,

30 0

> quantile(matrixboot[,1],0.025) 2.5% 172.4119 > quantile(matrixboot[,1],0.975) 97.5% 231.5225 Can start proceeding with other reaming too becuz 96% above quantities in variable 1. And conclude the final step. > quantile(matrixboot[,2],0.025)

2.5% 0.2520726 > quantile(matrixboot[,2],0.975) 97.5% 0.6915002 > quantile(matrixboot[,3],0.025) 2.5% -0.3213763

By applying Quantitative to the matrix boot value .. > quantile(matrixboot[,3],0.975) 97.5% 0.8307757 The confidence intervals are 95 above good 1)variabile (172.4119, 231.5225) 2)variabile 3)variabile (0.2520726, 0.6915002) (-0.3213763, 0.8307757)

Hense from the data ,,we ploted a non linear regggression model..

OR

another exaple can be wrote .. as . For non linear model

library(car) > deltaMethod(mols, "-b1/(2*b2)") Estimate -b1/(2*b2) 183.1104 SE 5.961452

183.1104 is the Days value that maximizes E(LCPUE/Day). 11.4.3

E(Y/X) = = =-

-2 = 0.0921151 /2

x+ (intercept)

= - 0.0466052 / 2*-0.0001273 = 183.0526

is the value of the predictor that gives the maximum value of the response, previously computed with the delta method; = = -0.0001273 (measure of curvature)

> nls(LCPUE~th1+th2*(1-exp(-th3*Day)),start=list(th1=0.0921151, th2=183, th3=1)) Nonlinear regression model model: LCPUE ~ th1 + th2 * (1 - exp(-th3 * Day)) data: parent.frame() th1 -0.03691 th2 3.69560 th3 0.01974

residual sum-of-squares: 10.54 Number of iterations to convergence: 16 Achieved convergence tolerance: 9.227e-06 > m1 <- nls(LCPUE~th1+th2*(1-exp(-th3*Day)),start=list(th1=0.0921151, th2=183, th3=1)) > summary(m1)

Formula: LCPUE ~ th1 + th2 * (1 - exp(-th3 * Day)) Parameters: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)

th1 -0.036912 0.385318 -0.096 0.924478 th2 3.695597 0.421873 8.760 6.1e-09 *** th3 0.019743 0.004647 4.249 0.000281 *** Residual standard error: 0.6626 on 24 degrees of freedom Number of iterations to convergence: 16

Achieved convergence tolerance: 9.227e-06 > plot(LCPUE~Day) > lines(Day,predict(m1,data.frame=Day))

LCPUE

0 0

50

100

150 Day

200

250

Hens The above grapg is nonlinear regressionmodel graph.where the variables are not in in curvey of non orders where tried to explain the plot where the days are fell in intervel of LCPUCE..

2) Answ)
The simple linear regression model consists of the constant function and the variance function , but binomial regression deals with the number of successes out of M independent trials, each with the same probability of success. In the binomial regression problem, the response counts the number of successes in( Mi )trials, and so (Mi) (Yi) of the trials were failures. In addition, we have p terms or predictors xi possibly including a constant for the intercept Yi = response , success : Mi
In linear regression models, the mean function and the variance function generally have completely separate parameters, but that is not so for binomial regression. The value of probability (xi) determines both the mean function and the variance function, so we need to estimate (xi). So we canot employee the somple linear regression model into the binary model where the conception is different , and diff in approach in the solution for data. If may be data is same given .

Simple linear regression equations: E(Y |X = x) = 0 + 1x

Var(Y |X = x) = 2 (2.1) The parameters in the mean function are the intercept 0, which is the value of E(Y |X = x) when x equals zero, and the slope 1, which is the rate of change in E(Y |X = x) for a unit change by varying the parameters
The variance function is assumed to be constant in the Simple linear regression equation , with a positive value 2 that is usually unknown. Because variance 2 > 0, the observed value of the ith response yi will typically not equal its expected value E(Y |X = xi ).

Where as in binary function (Regression) Binary Equations:

y Bin(m, ) Pr(y = j)= (m j) j (1 )(mj) Y equals a specific integer j = 0, 1, . . ., m,

(Y |X = xi) Bin(mi, (xi )), i = 1, . . . , n

4) Problem ..

Ans) d <- read.table(file.choose(), header=TRUE, na.strings="?") > attach(d) > names(d) [1] "Country" [6] "UnRate94" "Ccode" "dUnRate" "dEmRate" "bbd"

"EmRate94"

"dEmComConst"