SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116

Distance, m

Final initial speed, m/s

d
Velocity m/s

Time s

Acceleration m/s2

v-u a t

Time s

Gradient of d t graph gives VELOCITY Zero Speed = Obj at rest

Gradient of v t graph gives ACCELERATION Constant Speed means 0 acc, 0 Resultant force ( Fwd force = Rev force) Area under graph = Distance travelled

Resultant Force, N

Mass, kg

F
Mass kg

m a
Acceleration m/s2 Density Kg/m3

Volume m3

Const v = 0 acc = 0 net Force (fwd = Rev force) Weight, N

Less dense floats, more dense sinks Turning Moment, N/m

Mass kg

W m g

Gravity m/s2

Force N

Moment F d

Distance m

Distance measured from PIVOT to FORCE. Work Done, J Kinetic Energy, J

Force N

Work rk F d

Dist moved m

Mass kg

KE 0.5m v2

Speed m/s

SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Force & Distance must be in SAME direction. Potential Energy, J

Energy Conservation, Loss in PE = Gain in KE mgh = 0.5mv2

PE
Weight N

v2 = 2gh
h
Height m Work done against gravity = Gain in GPE

Where Weight = mg Work/Energy, J Conduction - heated molecules gain extra k.e - start to vibrate faster - collide with neighbouring molecules - transfer some thermal energy to them - they vibrate faster & process repeats Convection - liquid at bottom heated first & it expands - density decreases & it floats - denser liquid at the top sinks - convection current sets up Good Absorber is Good Emitter (Dull black) Rate of radiation depends on : Surface Colour, Area, Temp, Texture

W
Power W

Time s

Since W = F x D, so P = F x D/ t and D / t = Speed,v Therefore, P

=Fxv

velocity, v

1
frequency Hz Wavelength m

v
frequency Hz

Time s

Displacement-Distance graph : Amplitude & Wavelength Displacement Time graph : Amplitude & Period Longitudinal Wave - Sound Direction of vibration

Transverse Wave EM & Water wave Direction of vibration Direction of Wave Travel Direction of Wave Travel Pitch Freq (X-axis). High pitch, high freq. Loudness Amp(Y-axis).High amp, louder

SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Reflection < i = < r Image on plane mirror ( Same Size, Distance, Laterally Inverted ) - Obj to Image - Image to Eye - Eye to Obj Angles are measured from Normal. Normal is drawn Perpendicularly to Surface where the ray strikes. Refractive Index

i, < of r, < of refraction incidence(AIR) (DENSER medium )

sin i sin r

Angles are measured from Normal. Less to More Dense Bent Towards Normal If < i is greater than Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection takes place. Potential difference, v

Charge, Coulumb

Q
current A

Time s

V
current A

Work/Energy, Joule

Resistance

Potential Diff, V A

W V
Q
Charge C

I is inversely proportional to R ( If R is small, I will be big. Ex. If I is increased 2 times, R becomes half. If I is decreased by one-third, R is thrice ) Series Circuit R = R1 + R2 + R3 I1 = I2 = I3 ( same current thru each resistor)

Resistivity,m x Length,m

l
Resistance,

Area m2

V1 + V2 + V3 = V of the battery(emf) Parallel Circuit 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/ R2 where R is Total effective resistance. Remember to Invert the answer to find R! I = I1 + I2 where I is total current in circuit V = V1 = V2 ( same p.d. across each resistor ) where V is emf of battery

R is directly proportional to l ( l doubles, R doubles; l reduces by one-quarter, R also reduces by one-quarter ) R is inversely proportional to A ( If A is halved, R will become twice; If A is increased 3 times, R becomes one-third )

SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Live Brown col ( Switch & Fuse connected ) Neutral Blue col ( Same current as Live ) Earth - yellow with green stripes ( connected to external body & No current flows ) Hazards are caused by : - Damaged insulation - Overheating of cables - Damp conditions

Power, W Potential Difference V

Energy, J

P V
I
Current A Power W

E P
t
Time s

Cost = Energy x per unit cost where E = P x t & convert W to KW ( 1KW = 1000W ) & time to hour Magnetism Like poles Repel Unlike poles Attract. Repulsion is the best test to check for polarity. Magnetic field lines North (Out) & South (In) Magnetic Induction - is the temporary magnetism of a magnetic material when placed near a magnet. Demagnetisation of a magnet ( alternating current ) - a.c. is pass thru solenoid - disrupts the alignment of molecular magnets - slowly magnet is withdrawn in E-W direction - magnet is fully demagnetized Soft Iron easily magnetized & demagnetized Hard Steel difficult to Magnetise & Demagnetize

Force or Weight, N

Pressure in liquid,Pa

Pressure in Solid Pa

F or W Contact Area P A m
2

P
Height of column,m

Density,kg/m3 X gravity, m/s2

P is inversely proportional to A. ( Small Area, High Pressure exerted eg high-heel shoe )

Note : g = g x m/v since = m/v = W / v since W = mg

SCI (PHY) FORMULA SHEET : SYLLABUS 5116 Electromagnetic Spectrum RaMi I LUV ROYGBIV X Gamma Highest freq Can penetrate deeper Electromagnetism RH Grip Rule ( Wire ) Thumb points to Current, Fingers show CW or ACW direction RH Grip Rule ( Solenoid ) Fingers curl in the current direction, Thumb points to N pole. Flemings LH Rule to find force on conductor - First finger Field - SeCond finger Current - Thumb - Thrust or Force

Longest Can travel far Properties - transverse waves - 3 x 108 m/s - travel in vacuum

R O Y G B I V Faster speed, less refraction slower speed more refraction

Static Electricity

Electric Field - region where an electric charge Charges are produced by friction during rubbing. experiences force. Like charges repel - Positive charge : field lines Outward Unlike charges attract - Negative charge : field lines Inwards Only negative charges move. Eg. From Earth Charge is measured in Coloumbs Thin Converging Lens 1. Obj placed < F : VUM (Virtual, Upright, Magnified ( Magnifying glass ) 2. at F : Spot light, telescope 3. between F & 2F : RIM ( Real,Inverted, Magnified) Projector 4. at 2F : RIS ( real,inverted,same size), photocopy machine 5. > 2F : RID ( real, inverted, diminished). Camera, human eye 6. at infinity : RID. telescope O Level Format ( Syllabus : 5116 ) Paper 1 ( 40 M ) 1 hr 40 MCQ - Q1 to 20 ( Phy ) & Q21 to 40 (Chem) Paper 2 ( 65 M ) 1h 15min Sect A : Structured ( 45 M ) Sect B : Choose 2 out of 3 Qns ( 20 M ) Paper 5 ( 30 M ) 1h 30min Science Practical - Phy & Chem