UNIT 8
TERMS IN GEOMETRY
MEASURING AND CLASSIFYING ANGLES
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
PARALLEL AND PERPINDICULAR LINES
LINES OF SYMMETRY
TERMS IN GEOMETRY
SOME IMPORTANT GEOMETRIC TERMS
LINE: A line is a
POINT: A point straight line pf points
represents or identifies extending infinitely
an exact position in in both directions.
space. A capital letter Identified by using
is used to name a point. any two points along
its length or a small
A letter.
LINE B
SEGMENT: Apart RAY: A part of a line that has one
of a line having two
endpoints endpoint and extends infinitely in one
direction.
ANGLES
Angles are formed when two rays or line segments have
a common endpoint. This endpoint is called a vertex.
ABC A
CBA
y
y
B C
ACUTE OBTUSE
Less than 90 degrees Between 90 and
RIGHT 180 degrees
90 degrees
STRAIGHT
180 degrees
REFLEX
Between 180 and 360 degrees
ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS
c b
j
i
COMPLEMENTARY
ANGLES
none
h
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES e
a and b, a and d, g
d and c, c and b f
h and g, g and f,
f and e, e and h
i and j
If we know the measure of one angle, we can find
the measure of the other unknown angles.
A
OAT = Opposite Angle Theorem
SAT = Supplementary Angle Theorem
CAT = Complimentary Angle Theorem
F
B 67
E
C
AFE = 113 SAT
BFA = 67 OAT or SAT
DFC = 90 (given)
AFC = 90 SAT
D
BFC = 23 CAT
PARALLEL AND
PERPENDICULAR LINES
PARALLEL LINES ARE LINES IN THE SAME
PLANE THAT NEVER INTERSECT
c d
Co-interior Angles
C PATTERN
e f
g h
Corresponding Angles
F PATTERN
Alternate Angles
Z PATTERN
c and f Corresponding Angles
d and e F PATTERN
Alternate angles have equal measures a and e
c and g
b and f
d and h
Corresponding angles have equal measures
a b
c d
Co-interior Angles
C PATTERN
e f c and e
g h d and f
Co-interior angles total 180 degrees
USING ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
d = 65 (given)
e = 65 Alternate Angle to d
THESE c = 115 Co-interior Angle to e
f =115 Co-interior to d, alternate to c
ANGLE b = 115 Corresponding to f
a = 65 Corresponding to e, OAT
a b
c d 65
e f
g h
MATHEMATICS 8
UNIT 9
p q
C
37
r
B p = 82 Triangle 180
q = 82 OAT E
r = 27 Triangle 180
x
x x
x x
Isosceles Equilateral
Triangle Triangle
2 sides equal in All sides equal
length All angles equal
2 angles equal in
degrees
POLYGONS
Triangle 3
Quadrilateral 4
Pentagon 5
Hexagon 6
Heptagon 7
Octogon 8
Nonagon 9
Decagon 10
Dodecagon 12
Polygons and Interior Angles
We know that the sum of the interior angles in a
triangle is 180 degrees
A DB is a diagonal of ABCD. It
divides this quadrilateral into two
B triangles, each having an interior
measure of 180 degrees.
2 x 180 = 360
Therefore, the sum of the interior
D angles in a quadrilateral is 360
C degrees.
How about a pentagon?
EB and EC are
A B
diagonals of ABCDE
C
E
D
x
x = 72, alternate to ABC
y
D > z
E y = 51, alternate to ACB
w = 57, Triangle 180
z = 129, SAT
72 51
B > C
CONGRUENT POLYGONS
CONGRUENT FIGURES HAVE THE SAME SIZE
AND SHAPE
ANGLES
A E 1=5
1
B 5 2=6
2 6 F 3=7
7 4=8
3
4 C
8
G
H SIDES
D
AB = EF
These two figures are said to be BC = FG
congruent. Their corresponding CD = GH
parts are both congruent and equal. DA = HE
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM
FOR RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLES
Hypotenuse
Leg
Leg
2 2
c a2 + b2 = c 2
a=3 a 3+4=c
2
b=4
9 + 16 = c 2
b 25 = c 2
5=c
The Pythagorean Theorem:
2
2 2