UO2/mr.

Ash/2011/degree

EXPERIMENT 3 Vacuum Cake Filtration 1. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of pressure with specific cake resistance and medium resistance. 2. INTRODUCTION: In suspension, suspended solid particles in a fluid or gas are physically or mechanically removed by using a porous medium that retains the particles as a separate phase or cake and passes the clear filtrate. Vacuum filtration process is one of a technique that being used to separate solids from slurry using vacuum operation. Slurry will pass the porous medium where only liquid are allowed. The liquid that being collected is the product while the solids will remain as a cake filtered. Vacuum condition will be the main medium to influence the cake specific resistance, the medium resistance and the volume of collected liquid. The flowrate of the collected liquid is given by:

UO2/mr.Ash/2011/degree

3. CHEMICALS/APPARATUS: 3.1 Glass 3.2 Beaker 3.3 Filter paper 3.4 Balance 3.5 Vernier Caliper 3.6 Stopwatch 3.7 Oven 3.8 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3 ) 3.9 Water

4. PROCEDURE: 4.1 Prepare calcium carbonate slurry mixture with 2.25g/75ml H2O. 4.2 Weight the glass and filter paper, then insert the filter paper into the filter funnel. 4.3 Connect the collector (filter conical flask) to the vacuum pump and filter flask. Pour a little bit of water to ease the vacuum process. 4.4 Pour the calcium carbonate sample into the filter cell and adjust the pressure up to 100 Torr. 4.5 Write down the time for every 5cm3 collected liquid. 4.6 Repeat step 1- 4 with the 200 Torr, 300 Torr and 400 Torr. 4.7 Weight the wet cake and dry in the oven for 2 hours at 100C.Get the dry cake after 45min. 4.8 Weight the dry cake. 4.9 Measure the filter cell.

UO2/mr.Ash/2011/degree

Name Matrix No.

: ---------------------------: ---------------------------

Date

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5. RESULTS: Glass :______________ g Filter paper : ______________ g Dry cake : _______________ g

Volume (cm3) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

100 Torr, time 100 Torr, time 200 Torr, time 300 Torr, time 400 Torr, time (s) (s) (s) (s) (s)

Table 5.1: Data analysis table

UO2/mr.Ash/2011/degree

6. DISCUSSION: i) ii) iii) iv) Plot the graph of t/V vs V for each pressure. Calculate the cake specific resistance and medium resistance. Discuss the relationship of cake specific resistance and medium resistance toward filter pressure. By looking at the graph (t/V vs V), discuss what happen at early filtration and at the final filtration part.