ORAL MIC ANA LEC FINALS (3) ALVEOLAR BONE Alveolar Process where tooth is embedded BONE Specialized

ed connective tissue composed of intercellular substance and osteocytes with its processes in lacunae and canaliculi Acts as an anchorage because it is where roots are embedded (alveolar socket) Calcified tissue; originate from dental sac (gives rise to PDL, cementum and alveolar bone) Composition 65% Inorganic (Hydroxyapatite) 35% Organic o 28% collagen o 5% Osteocalcin Sialoprotein Phosphoprotein Osteonectin Bone specific protein Functions of Bone 1. Skeletal function of support, protection, locomotion and attachment of muscles 2. Bone constitutes an important reservoir of minerals 3. Bone is for hemopoiesis Structural Elements of Bone 1. Bone Cells a. Odontoblasts forms bone b. Osteocytes maintains bone c. Osteoclasts resorbs bone 2. Bone Matrix 3. Sharpeys Fibers 4. Blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels (Haversian Canals) Histological Arrangement of Mature Bone All bones are a dense sheet of compact bone and a central medullary cavity. The marrow cavity is interrupted throughout I. Compact Bone - are dense outer sheet that are closely packed 3 Distinct Layering: a. Circumferential lamella b. Concentric lamella c. Interstitial lamella II. Spongy Bone - flattened spicules surrounding the spaces known as marrow spaces containing the bone marrow Circumferential Lamellae - enclose the entire adult bone, forming its outer perimeter Concentric Lamellae - make up the bulk of compact bone and form the basic metabolic unit of bone, the osteon Interstitial Lamellae - interspersed between adjacent concentric lamellae and fill the spaces

between them; fragments of preexisting concentric lamellae and can take up multitude of Osteon - basic metabolic unit of bone generally oriented in the long axis of bone Haversian Canal - canal lined by a single layer of bone cells at the outer of an osteon; each cana; houses a capillary Volkmans Canal - channels that connect adjacent haversian canal; contains blood vessels Periosteum osteogenic connective tissue membrane that surrounds every compact bone; consists of 2 layers Inner layer consists of bone cells; their precursors and a rich microvascular supply Outer layer more fibrous Bone Formation (Ossification) 1. Endochondral (Intracartilaginous) Bone Ossification a. Has a precatilaginous stage 2. Intramembranous Bone Ossification a. Mandible and maxilla 3. Sutural Bone Growth ALVEOLAR BONE Is the bony portions of the maxillae and mandible in which the roots of the functioning teeth are located Processus Alveolaris in the maxilla Pars Alveolaris in the mandible Develop along with formation and euption of the teeth and are resorbed after teeth are lost Morphology depends on the size, shape and position of teeth Functions 1. Acts as the anchoring of teeth within the alveoli 2. Absorption and distribution of occlusal pressures produced by intermittent tooth contacts during chewing, swallowing, speech and parafunctional activities such as grinding and chewing Structure of Alveolar Bone 1. Cortical Plate outermost part a. Alveolar bone proper or lamina 2. Spongiosa spongy bone Cortical Plate Outer bony plate of varying thickness, which is the outside wall of the maxilla and mandible, covered with periosteum Continuous with the lamina cribriformis at the orifice of the alveoli alveolar crest Consists of haversian systems (osteons) and interstitial lamellae Thicker in the mandible than maxilla Generally greater on the lingual than on the buccal/facial Alveolar Bone Proper or Lamina (Cribriformis) An inner, heavily perforated bony lamellae, forming the alveolar wall In radiograph, appears as radioopaque line distinct from the adjacent spongiosa Lamina Dura

 Contains osteons like other cortical bone, but is

distinguished by the presence of Bundle Bone Bundle Bone Multiple layers of bone parallel to surface of alveolar wall which are penetrated by bundles of Sharpeys Fibers embedded nearly right angle Spongiosa Are spongy (or cancellous/trabecullar) bone between the 2 bony plates and between the lamina cribriformis of adjacent teeth or roots Consists of delicate trabeculae, between which are marrow spaces, filled mostly with fatty marrow Regions of maxillary tuberosity and the angle of mandible, erythropoietic blood forming red marrow VASCULAR SUPPLY OF ALVEOLAR PROCESS Alveolar process of the maxilla o Anterior and posterior alveolar arteries (branch from the maxilla and infraorbital arteries) Alveolar process of the mandible o Inferior alveolar arteries (internal) o Periosteal branches of submental and buccal arteries (external)